• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.258-266
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop a carbon storage distribution map of Pinus rigida stands in Muju-gun by using of the National Forest Inventory data and digital forest map. The relationships between the stand variables such as height, age, diameter at breast height (DBH), crown density and aboveground biomass of Pinus rigida were analyzed. The results showed that the crown density had the highest positive correlation with a value of 0.74 followed by the height variable with value of 0.61. The aboveground biomass regression models were developed to estimate biomass and carbon storage map. The results of this study showed that the average carbon storage was 58.2 ton C/ha while the total carbon stock of rigida pine forests in Muju area was estimated to be 430,963 C ton.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2023

As climate change gets severe, the ecosystem acts as an important carbon sink, therefore efforts are being made to utilize these functions to mitigate climate change. In this study, we inventoried and analyzed the previous studies related to carbon storage and flux by ecosystem type (forest, cropland, wetland, grassland, and settlement) and carbon pool (aboveground and belowground biomass, dead wood, Litter, soil organic carbon, and ecosystem) in Korean ecosystems. We also collected the results of previous studies and calculated the average value of carbon storage and flux for each ecosystem type and carbon pool. As a result, we found that most (66%) of Korea's carbon storage and fluxes studies were conducted in forests. Based on the results of forest studies, we estimated the storage by carbon stock. We found that much carbon is stored in vegetation (aboveground: 4,018.32 gC m^-2 and belowground biomass: 4,095.63 gC m^-2) and soil (4,159.43 gC m^-2). In particular, a large amount of carbon is stored in the forest understory. For other ecosystem types, it was impossible to determine each carbon pool's storage and flux due to data limitations. However, in the case of soil organic carbon storage, the data for forests and grasslands were comparable, showing that both ecosystems store relatively similar amounts of carbon (4,159.43 gC m^-2, 4,023.23 gC m^-2, respectively). This study confirms the need to study carbon in rather diverse ecosystem types.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.605-610
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the short-term (3 years) effect of thinning on aboveground carbon storage for 34-year-old (site 1) and 45-year-old (site 2) Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini) plantations with different diameter class and site quality located in Gwangneung experimental forest. Thinning was manually carried out in consideration of basal area in 2004 (site 1 : 30% and 60% of basal area removed and site 2 : 60% of basal area removed). In 2004 and 2007, DBH and tree height were measured to analyze the changes in carbon storage after thinning. In the sites of 60% of basal area removed, although the mean DBH of site 1 was higher than that of site 2, mean annual carbon storage increment in site 2 ($6.5Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$) was about 3 times higher than that in site 1 ($2.3Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$). The reason for this result was probably due to higher stem density and site quality in site 2 compared to site 1. In site 2, mean annual carbon storage increment in thinned plot ($6.5Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$) was about 1.3 times higher than that in control ($5.2Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$). The results suggest that the stem density and site quality may be much more related to the aboveground carbon storage compared to diameter class. In addition, it is needed to consider these two factors for determining whether thinning is a feasible management alternative for the increase in aboveground carbon sequestration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.602-608
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• 2007

Forest plantations become important strategy not merely for the financial aspect, but for carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability. Forest plantations increase the density of the forest biomass, which reduce the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biomass density is also a useful variable for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, carbon sequestration of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in the individual tree and plantation levels estimation was carried out Site-specific allometric equation for the estimation of teak tree biomass was developed based on the direct measurement of fifteen (15) harvested trees in the Oak-twin Township of the Bago Yoma Region, Myanmar. A regression equation of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (carbon content) was constructed to estimate the carbon storage level of plantations, which averaged 79 ton/ha. The average carbon accumulation in the soil (up to 30 cm in depth) was estimated 38.89 ton/ha, The highest mean annual increment (MAI) of total carbon was found in the 6-yr-old teak plantation (12.10 ton/ha/yr) whereas the lowest MAI was in the 26-yr-old teak plantation (4.31 ton/ha/yr).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.150-158
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• 2019

Exotic conifer trees have been extensively planted in southern China because of their high apparent growth and yield. These fast-growing plantations are expected to persist as a considerable potential for temporary and long-term carbon sink to offset greenhouse gas emissions. However, information on the carbon storage across different age ranges in exotic pine plantations is often lacking. We first estimated the ecosystem carbon storage across different age ranges of exotic pine plantations in China by quantifying above- and below-ground ecosystem carbon pools. The carbon storage of each tree component of exotic pine (Pinus elliottii) increased significantly with increasing age in Duchang and Yiyang areas. The stem carbon storage except <10 years in Ji'an areas was the largest component among all other components, which accounts for about 50% of the total carbon storage followed by roots (~28%), branches (~18%), and foliage (~9%). The mean total tree carbon storage of slash pine plantations for <10, 10-20 and 20-30 years across three study areas was 3.69, 13.91 and $20.57Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The carbon stocks in understory and forest floor were age-independent. Total tree and soil were two dominant carbon pools in slash pine plantations at all age sequences. The carbon contribution of aboveground ecosystem increased with increasing age, while that of belowground ecosystem declined. The mean total ecosystem carbon storage of slash pine plantations for <10, 10-20 and 20-30 years across China was 30.26, 98.66 and $98.89Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Although subtropical climate in China was suitable for slash pine growth, the mean total carbon stocks in slash pine plantations at all age sequences from China were lower than that values reported in American slash pine plantations.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

Improving the urban environmental quality relies mainly on the increasing of urban forests capacity to store carbon dioxide. This study assesses the floristic diversity of urban institutional lands in Bukavu and their potential to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$. An exhaustive inventory over three sites ($Coll{\grave{e}}ge$ Alfajiri, $Cath{\acute{e}}drale$ Notre-Dame de la Paix and Institut $Sup{\acute{e}}rieur$ $P{\acute{e}}dagogique$) of Bukavu led to the identification of 1,113 trees of which the diameter at breast height (1.30 m) ranged from 4.9 to 161 cm. Results reveal a floristic diversity made up of 4 families of conifers with 4 species and 14 of broadleaves with 21 species. Average densities were of $54trees\;ha^{-1}$ and $5.21m^2\;ha^{-1}$ of basal area. Urban-based allometric equations used yielded up to 312.8 tons of carbon stored in trees aboveground biomass equivalent to 1,147.9 tons of $CO_2$ reduced from the atmosphere over the three sites. The rate of carbon storage reaches $15.1tons\;ha^{-1}$. Thus, trees of the three institutional sites in Bukavu play an important role in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ and contribute, thereby, to mitigate global climate change effects. Given the current environmental challenge associated with high population growth rate in cities, the urban forest ecosystem in DRC requires to be extended and further investigation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2015

The carbon cycle came into the spotlight due to the climate change and forests are well-known for their capacity to store carbon amongst other terrestrial ecosystems. The annual organic carbon of litter production, forest floor litter layer, soil, aboveground and belowground part of plant, standing biomass, net primary production, uptake of organic carbon, soil respiration, etc. were measured in Mt. Worak in order to understand the production and carbon budget of Quercus serrata forest that are widely spread in the central and southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The total amount of organic carbon of Q. serrata forest during the study period (2010-2013) was 130.745 ton C ha^-1. The aboveground part of plant, belowground part of plant, forest floor litter layer, and organic carbon in soil was 50.041, 12.510, 4.075, and 64.119 ton C ha^-1, respectively. The total average of carbon fixation in plants from photosynthesis was 4.935 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1 and organic carbon released from soil respiration to microbial respiration was 3.972 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. As a result, the net ecosystem production of Q. serrata forest estimated from carbon fixation and soil respiration was 0.963 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, it seems that Q. serrata forest can act as a sink that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon uptake of Q. serrata forest was highest in stem of the plant and the research site had young forest which had many trees with small diameter at breast height (DBH). Consequentially, it seems that active matter production and vigorous carbon dioxide assimilation occurred in Q. serrata forest and these results have proven to be effective for Q. serrata forest to play a role as carbon storage and NEP.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Tropical dry forests are one of the most threatened, widely distributed ecosystems in tropics and estimation of forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in trees on large scale (10, 1 ha plots) in the dry mixed evergreen forest of Javadhu forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by non-harvest methods. The total biomass of trees in this tropical dry mixed evergreen forest was ranged from 160.02 to 250.8 Mg/ha, with a mean of 202.04±24.64 Mg/ha. Among the 62 tree species enumerated, Memecylon umbellatum accumulated greater biomass and carbon stocks (24.29%) more than the other species in the 10 ha study plots. ANOVA revealed that there existed a significant variation in the total biomass and carbon stock among the three plant types (Evergreen, brevi-deciduous and deciduous (F (2, 17)=15.343, p<0.001). Basal area and density was significant positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R² 0.980; 0.680) while species richness exhibited negative correlation with above ground biomass (R² 0.167). Finding of present study may be interpreted as most of the trees in this forest are yet to be matured and there is a net addition to standing biomass leading to carbon storage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

Global warming causes the climate change and makes severe damage to ecosystem and civilization Carbon dioxide greatly contributes to global warming, thus many studies have been conducted to estimate the forest biomass carbon stock as an important carbon storage. However, more studies are required for the selection and use of technique and remotely sensed data suitable for the carbon stock estimation in Korea In this study, the aboveground forest biomass carbon stocks of Danyang-Gun in South Korea was estimated using $k$NN($k$-Nearest Neighbor) algorithm and regression model, then the results were compared. The Landsat TM and 5th NFI(National Forest Inventory) data were prepared, and ratio images, which are effective in topographic effect correction and distinction of forest biomass, were also used. Consequently, it was found that $k$NN algorithm was better than regression model to estimate the forest carbon stocks in Danyang-Gun, and there was no significant improvement in terms of accuracy for the use of ratio images.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop local allometric biomass regression equations and to estimate aboveground biomass of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stands among three regions (Hadong, Hamyang, Sancheong) from the western regions of Gyeongnam province. We selected three natural red pine stands with similar stand ages (about 40-year-old) from each region. The allometric regression equations were significant in all tree components (P<0.05) and the determination of coefficient ($R^2$) ranged 0.87 from 0.99. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the biomass of tree components among three regions. The biomass was 173.3 Mg/ha in Hadong, 131.0 Mg/ha in Sancheong, and 66.5 Mg/ha in Hamyang. The proportion of biomass was 70.4-77.1% in stemwood, 10.9-15.2% in branch, 8.9-10.4% in stembark, and 3.1-4.4% in needle. The results indicated that red pine stands in the western Gyeongnam regions showed the significant difference of aboveground biomass which was attributed to site quality and stand density.