• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 1971

It is well known that shellfish absorb and accumulate heavy metals in the water environment. When the concentration of the heavy metals in the water is above guideline, we find abnormal accumulation of them in the body of shellfish. This study on green oysters is an instance showing the relationship between the abnormal accumulation of heavy metal and industrial wastewaters containing it. The influence of the industrial wastewaters upon shellfish has been discussed from the statistical, physiological, and saprobiensystematic points of view, and the author wants to make clear of the absorption and accumulation mechanism of the heavy metals and physiological situation. This paper deals with the copper-contents in the meat of oysters which were collected in Changhang Bay and Daechun area, the latter being not supposed to be influenced by the water of the Kum River during the period from October 1970 to february 1971. The mean value of the copper contents in oysters caught at the sampling station in the Changhang Bay area is ranged from 851.5 to 143.1mg Cu/kg wet base, and that of Daechun area varied from 13.0 to 27.4mg Cu/kg wet base, so an evident difference is seen at a significance of $0.1\%$. It appears that one of the environmental factors making copper concentrated in the oysters of the Changhang area is due to the copper-contaning slug being discharged into the sea water by the Changhang Ore Refinery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Purpose： This study estimated the prevalence of smoking among male and female school employees. This study also correlated key indicators of health with the number of cigarettes consumed per day by the male smokers. The indicators of health included health behavior, blood pressure (mmHg), BMI (kg/m2), diabetes, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and GTP. Methods： Subjects included 2,640 male and 2,747 female employees working at elementary, middle, and high schools who received a physical check-up at the Seoul School Health Center in 2002. Data was obtained from the physical examinations, questionnaires, and laboratory results. Results： 39.7% of males and 0.4% of females were current smokers. 60% of the male smokers consumed between 10 and 19 cigarettes per day, and39.6% of male smokers had been smoking between 10 and 19 years. Smokers who consumed more than one pack per day had a relatively higher BMI than the non-smokers (24.7 24.1, respectively). However, smokers had lower blood pressure than non-smokers. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of current-smokers were 128.2 and 82.8, respectively, while the values among non-smokers were 129 and 84.5, respectively. The proportion of current smokers with severe obesity (over BMI 30) was 5.0%. This was considerably higher than the 1.3% of severely obese non-smokers. Current-smokers also had mean and abnormal rate of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP that were higherthan those of non-smokers. The frequency of red meat consumption, alcohol use, perceived incidents of stress were alsomore frequent in current-smokers than in non-smokers. Exercise frequency was also lower among smokers. In multiple regression after adjusting all possible confounding factors including age, BMI, diet, and drink, the parameter value of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP increased relative to the level of cigarette consumption. Conclusion： Among school employees, health behavior, and general health status including BMI, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, GTP, and fasting blood glucose were worse in smokers than in non-smoker.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1990

Now the number value of total cholesterol is ascending as increasing consumption of meat in our country. In this point, total cholesterol examinee in urban and rural community, with age, with sex, classified and make percentage according to the abnormal. The current of abnormalities has been understood how changed during seven years. also present time, in good manner. The value used in analysis was drawn from 1984 to 1990 by Korean Association of Health Taegue branch and kyung-buk branch with the value of the abnormalities of total cholesterol in urban and rural community have been compared during past seven years. The result were as follows : 1) During past seven years. The total examinee were 107,945. Abnormalities of rural people in 74,693 were 1.4% and abnormalities of urban people in 34,252 were 2.7%. Now we find out that abnormalities of urban people are higher 1.3% than those of rural people. 2) In inspecting, 108,945 cases of total cholesterol abnormality with age are followed. Less than 20yr(0.3%) 20-29yr(1.0%) 30-39yr(1.5%) 40-49yr(1.6%) 50-59yr(2.4%) more than 60yr(2.5%). The percentage of abnormalities was increased with age in both sexes. 3) In male and female, the abnormality of male was higher 0.6% than that of female, respectively 37,525(2.0%) 71,420(1.7%) examinee of total cholesterol in 108.945.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 1991

From the medical examination held on 1988, an interested fact was observed that the cardiovascular disease related examination results of the Ulleung-Gun inhabitants were more marked than those of other areas. An intended search for hypertension with related tests was executed from September $3^{th}$, 1989 to September $7^{th}$, 1989 on 344 Ulleung-Gun inhabitant and the results were as follows. 1) Among the 344 subjects, males were 94 and female, 250. The reason of showing lower number of males than the number of females was due to the fishing work season of showing lower medical examination period was overlapped. 2) 58% of the subjects are the age of over 50 years old. 3) The suspected cases were 68 among 344, and the suspected rate was 19.7%. 4) Abnormality rates of related tests were as follows : suspected ECG 10.1%, hypertension 9.0%. high triglyceride value 5.8%, and high total cholesterol value 4.6%. 5) Table 5 shows that the higher of ages, the higher of ages, the higher of the suspected rates of all 4 related and results. especially the abnormality of hypertension and EOG was marked. 6) Table 6 shows that the incidence of hypertension was higher from the subjects having family history than those who had no family history, from those taking foods salty than those taking foods unsalty, from those taking diet of meat than those taking vegetable diets. 22 cases among 31 had abnormal ECG results and/or high triglyceride values. But there were 5 subjects who had no hypertension related factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.748-760
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• 2019

This study examined the difference of dietary intake behavior between groups of adults aged >20 years with or without dyslipidemia, and comparing the various types of dyslipidemia, based on the Seventh (2016) KNHANES. Men showed higher rate for triglyceridemia and LDL-cholesterolemia than women and subjects in the age group 50-59 years exhibited the highest incidence of triglyceridemia, total cholesterolemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. The ratio of obese people was higher in most types of dyslipidemias. The top five foods in each group of cereal & grain, meat, vegetable, and fruit were selected for analysis, based on the food frequency. The dyslipidemia group showed higher intake frequencies for mixed grains, cabbage kimchi and leafy vegetable than the no-dyslipidemia group, and the group with high blood total cholesterol for mixed grains, apple, and cutlassfish-croaker. Group with high blood triglyceride showed higher intake frequencies of rice and mackerel-mackerel pike than the other groups of high blood triglyceride. No food showed significant difference in the frequencies between groups of LDL-cholesterol. Group with high blood HDL-cholesterol showed higher intake frequency of bibim-fried rice, deep fried chicken, stir fried chicken, apple, tangerine, banana and butter-margarine. These results indicate that people with high levels of blood total cholesterol are more concerned with food having health benefits than those with abnormal levels of other blood lipid. More information on dietary benefits need to be provided to patients having high levels of triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

Four kinds of polyphosphate solution(0. 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%) were injected by 10% into pork loin such that polyphosphate could be added by 0% (water, control), 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45%, respectively. Then, the effect of adding polyphosphate to pork loin was investigated after it was refrigerated at 4$\^{C}$ for 2 days and boiled until its internal temperature became 75$\^{C}$ and 80$\^{C}$. The pork loin that was boiled with polyphosphate added showed better water holding capacity, texture, and sensory juiciness than control group, but it produced lower pork flavor and strong abnormal flavor. As the internal temperature became higher, the pork loin showed higher cooking loss, worse tenderness and juiciness, and better pork flavor. This study demonstrates that the water holding capacity and palatability of boiled pork loin can be improved by the addition of about 0.15-0.30 g of polyphosphate per 100 g of meat.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2002

This study was conducted to Provide basic information Promoting egg qualify improvement and hygienic control by grasping of present market egg distribution system and hygienic quality. The eggs of 57 brands collected from the department food stores in Incheon Metropolitan City were examined. Eggs were kept in room temperature in all the market and 70.2% of the brands were marked the expiration date indicating that eggs would be available over 28 days after being laid. Fifty-four % of the market eggs was classified as a special or functional egg. Expiration date and date of laying were common labelling items in all brands. These items were labelled in trade mark sheet or eggs tray. Only 66.6% of the brands had the mark about net quantity of contents. The inspection about the exterior and contents of eggs has results as follows: eggshell contamination of feces and feather-9.5%, abnormal and broken eggshell -3.9%, blood and meat spots in contents -14.7% and watery whites -1.8%. Average of Haugh Unit(HU) was 56.1 and below HU 31 were 18 of 285 eggs(6.3%), in addition, more than one egg detected in 12 brands(21.1%) among 57 brands have inferior quality. Salmonella enteritidis from eggshell and antibodies directed from S. enteritidis in the yolks of eggs available in the market were not detected. Ranges of Total bacterial count (CFU/ml) on eggshell of eggs were < 10~8.2$\times$10$_3$, and isolation ratio of Escherichia coli were 4.7%. Tetracyclines were detected in 1.8% of the eggs(1 of57 brands) by CHARMII. As mentioned above, quality control and improving distribution system were required to facilitate egg consumption and improve public health by complementing labelling items and quality standards.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.273-282
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• 2009

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) disease group are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting a wide range of hosts. The group includes kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. The exact nature of the infectious agent involved in the transmission of these diseases remains controversial. However, a central event in their pathogenesis is the accumulation in infected tissues of an abnormal form of a host-encoded protein, the prion protein (PrP). Whereas the normal cellular protein is fully sensitive to protease ($PrP^{sen}$), the disease-associated prion protein ($PrP^d$) is only partly degraded ($PrP^{res}$), its amino-terminal end being removed. BSE was first reported in the mid-80s in the UK. Ten years later, a new form of human prion disease, variant CJD (vCJD) developed in the wake of the BSE epidemic, and there is now strong scientific evidence that vCJD was initiated by the exposure of humans to BSE-infected tissues, thus indicating a zoonotic disease. However, the ban on the feeding of animal-derived proteins to ruminants, and the apparent lack of vertical transmission of BSE, have led to a decline in the incidence of the disease within cattle herd and therefore, an assumed decreased risk for human contacting vCJD. The origin of the original case(s) of BSE still remains an enigma even though three hypotheses have been raised. Hypotheses are i) sheep- or goat-derived scrapie-infected tissues included in meat and bone meal fed to cattle, ii) a previously undetected sporadic or genetic bovine TSE contaminating cattle feed or iii) originating from a human TSE through animal feed contaminated with human remains. A host cellular membrane protein ($PrP^C$), which is abundant in central nervous system tissue, appear to be conformationally altered in the diseased host into a prion protein ($PrP^{Sc}$). This $PrP^{Sc}$ is detergent insoluble and partially protease-resistant ($PrP^{res}$). The term $PrP^{res}$ is normally used to describe the protein detected after protease treatment, in techniques such as Western immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay using fresh/frozen tissue. Immunohistochemistry may performed with formalin-fixed tissues. Also, clinical signs of the BSE are one of the major diagnostic indicators. Recently, atypical forms (known as H- and L-type) of BSE have appeared in several European countries, Japan, Canada and the United States. An unusual case was also reported in a miniature zebu. The atypical BSE fall into two groups based on the relative molecular mass (Mm) of the unglycosylated $PrP^{res}$ band relative to that of classical BSE, one of the higher Mm (H-type) and the other lower (L-type). Both types have been detected worldwide as rare cases in older animals, at a low prevalence consistent with the possibility of sporadic forms of prion diseases in cattle. This raises the unwelcome possibility that vCJD could increase in the human population. Now, active surveillance program against BSE is going on in Korea. In regional veterinary service lab, ELISA is applied to screen the BSE in slaughter and confirmatory tests by Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemisty are carried out if there are positive or suspect in the screening test. Also, the ruminant feed ban is rigorously enforced. Removal of specified risk materials such as brain and spinal cord from cattle is mandatory process at slaughter to prevent the infected material from entering the human food chain.