• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative importance among various biological and environmental factors on refractive errors. Various factors such as diseases, health related behavior such as drinking, smoking and exercise, as well as dietary factors were considered as a possible determinant. Surveys of 492 residents over 20 years of age in Kuri city were conducted during 1998. The survey included a refractive error test adopting a autokerato-refractometer, dietary survey using a 24 hour recall method, disease survey including blood and other diagnosis tests, and a health behavior survey using questionnaires with variables of smoking, drinking, and exercise. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyse the relative importance among independent variables of health behaviors, disease, and dietary factors on ametropias. As a result, in the case of myopia, liver dysfunction appeared to be the most important factors followed by the health related behavior of smoking and exercise as the second most important factors. Nutrient factors such as carotene and protein appeared to be the third most important factors. Similar results had been shown in the case of the hyperopia. In summary, liver dysfunction and the health related behaviors of drinking and smoking appeared to be more influential factors on abnormal eye sight of myopia and hyperopia than dietary factors.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.330-339
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• 2012

Background : Hypertension is treated with both lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7), published in 2003, provides a streamlined management approach to hypertension for the primary care physician. The JNC-7 is the gold standard also in Korea. According to the JNC-7, special therapeutic considerations are recommended for high-risk individuals with compelling indications. The presence of compelling indications in any given patient should be considered when selecting specific pharmacotherapy to treat hypertension. However, in patients with compelling indications, it is unknown that hepatotoxicity is caused by Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB), one of 1st anti-hypertensive drugs. Now, the CCB is the most used 1st anti-hypertensive drug in Korea Therefore, we evaluated the changes in blood liver function parameters (ALT, AST, Total bilirubin, serum albumin) for the study group. Methods : We randomly collected and retrospectively analyzed Electronic Medical Record data (n=28,788) of patients, and who took calcium channel blockers(non-dihydropyridines; diltiazem, verapamil, dihydropyridines; amlodipine, barnidipine, benidipine, clinidipine, efonidipine, felodipine, isradipine, lacidipine, lercanidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine), with having liver function tests (LFTs) from July 1st 2009 to June 30th 2010 at the Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. Control groups are two antihypertensive agents: RAS blockade (ARB; candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, ACE-I; cilazapril, enalapril, fosinopril, imidapril, perindopril, ramipril) and, Diuretics (loop; furosemide, torsemide, thiazide; hydrochlorothiazide[HCTZ], indapamide). Patients not having LFT results at these three standard points of time(baseline, during, medication, and after finishing medication) were excluded. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS (Version12.0) and Microsoft Excel (Version2007). Results : 711 patients who were treated CCB (297), RAS blockade (232) or Diuretics (182) monotherapy were selected for the study. In selected patients, liver damage degree(changes of each LFTs value) was higher in diuretics group than other groups, followed by RAS blockade and CCB. In diuretics group's was loop-diuretics group was higher than thiazide-diuretics group. In CCB group, Nondihydropyridine-CCB's damage degree was higher than Dihydropyrine-CCB's that. Conclusions : Despite the limitations due to the retrospective study, among patients with abnormal LFTs, the use of CCBs led to a less liver damage than other 1st anti-hypertensive agents. It can be recommended CCBs as one of the initial treatments of hypertension in patients with liver disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.923-927
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• 2002

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a relatively rare disease, characterized by bile ductular proliferation and prominent fibrosis in the portal area of liver resulting in portal hypertension. It is frequently associated with other abnormalities such as polycystic kidney, Caroli syndrome, cystic dysplasia of pancreas, intestinal lymphangiectasia, pulmonary emphysema, hemangioma, and cleft palate. We report here a case of congenital hepatic fibrosis associated with renal tubular ectasia in a 3-year-old girl, whose chief complaint was abdominal distension. Her liver function test did not reveal any abnormal findings. Hepatosplenomegaly and multiple dilated bile ducts were seen in the abdominal CT scaning. Esophageal varix was not detected by an endoscopic examination. Microscopically, diffuse portal fibrosis and widening with proliferation of blie ductules in the liver specimen and tubular ectasia in renal cortex were seen.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.592-596
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• 2010

The common local causes of active gingival bleeding are the vessel engorgement and erosion by severe inflammation and injury to hypervascularity lesion. Abnormal gingival bleeding is also associated with systemic bleeding disorders (liver disease, leukemia etc.). There are many conventional methods for gingival bleeding control, such as, direct pressure, packing, electrocoagulation, tight suture and application of hemostatic agents. If the continuous gingival bleeding is not stopped in spite of the all local application methods, the medical consultation should be obtained for systemic condition care and the major feeding arterial embolization. This is a case report of severe gingival bleeding and periodontitis control in a patient with liver cirrhosis and oral metastatic lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma. The bleeding lesion was placed in left buccal mucosa and gingiva of the left mandibular molars. The control methods were dental crown removal, primary endodontic drainage, gingival sulcus drainage and maxillary arterial embolization with medical consultation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

This study was conducted to obtain information of the oral dose acute toxicity of PGB-2, a novel polyglucosamine polymer produced from Citrobacter sp. BL-4 (a new strain) in male and female mice. Mortality, body weight changes, clinical signs were monitored during 14 days after single oral dose of test article at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 ml/kg. Gross lesions, organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were examined after necropsy. As the results, we could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings except for white foci in the liver. In addition, no PGB-2-treatment related abnormal changes on the organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were detected except for atypical signs of liver. White liver foci were confirmed as focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results suggest that the PGB-2 is relatively safe in mice but the possibility of hepatotoxicity could not be excluded. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PGB-2 were considered over 2000 mg/kg, respectively. In future, the potential hepatotoxicity of PGB-2 should be evaluated through the repeat dose toxicity test prior to develop as a new agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2016

Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine whether Haedoksamul-tang (HS), a traditional oriental herbal medicine, have beneficail effects on anti-inflammation and dyslipidemia in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ICR mouse. Methods: Twenty four 8-week old male ICR mouse were divided into four groups: normal untreated; LPS treatment only; HS 10 mg/kg plus LPS treatment; and HS 30 mg/kg plus LPS treatment. HS was orally administered per day for 2days. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.), all the mice were sacrificed, and serological changes were evaluated. The levels of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription protein 1 (SREBP-1) activity and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a (ACCa) expression were analyzed in Western blot analysis. Results: HS inhibited oxidative stress in the liver of LPS-induced ICR mice. The LPS-induced ICR mice exhibited the increase of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity and COX-2, iNOS, TNF-a, MCP-1 expressions in the liver, while HS treatment significantly inhibited them. Moreover, The administration of HS significantly decreased the elevated serum triglyceride and down-regulated the levels of SREBP-1, ACCa in the liver of LPS-induced ICR mice. Conclusions: In conclusion, HS could have hepato-protective effects against the oxidative stress-related inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2000

Objectives: Any uptake of I-131 after total thyroidectomy means the remant thyroid tissue or distant metastasis of the thyroid cancer. However diffuse hepatic uptake of I-131 without abnormal uptake was showen in many cases on I-131 whole body scan. The aim of this study was to classify the liver uptake after I-131 scan and to evaluate the analysis of this finding. Materials and Methods: Between 1982 and 1998, 104 patients(l4 males, 90 females) with normal liver function underwent I-131 scan after total thyroidectomy. Prospectively we reviewed the films of the whole body scan and analysed the correlations between results of radioiodine uptake, pathologic diagnosis, prognostic factors, lymphatic metastasis, and thyroid function test. Result: Diffuse hepatic uptake was found in 44 of 104(42%) patients. 10 of 39(26%) patients on I-131 100mCi, and 34 of 63(54%) on I-131 150mCi showed hepatic uptake. 52 of 104(50%) patients was locally invasive thyroid cancer. The rate of the hepatic uptake was no significant differences with the thyroid hormone levels(T3, Free T4) and thyroglobulin between uptake group and non-uptake group. Conclusion: The rate of I-131 uptake was high in high-dose radioiodine treatment group. However, we can not find any correlation among the thyroid functions, the extent of metastasis or the extent of local invasion. We need further study to find out the causes of the hepatic uptake of I-131 after total thyroidectomy, besides liver metabolism of I-131 attached thyroid hormones.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

We established a new method to analyze moxidectin using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence derivatization in order to obtain its residual profiles in biological samples. Recovery of moxidectin in tissue was 62% at 10 ppb. Average detection reproducibility in terms of coefficience variation was 4.47% at 0.32 to 10 ppb. Residual of moxidectin was studied in 44 Yorkshire-Landrace mixed bred male pigs administered subcutaneously 0, 200, or $800{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW) Residual profiles of moxdectin in blood, muscle, liver, kidney and fat of pigs were described. The concentration of the moxidectin in liver after administration of moxidectin was the highest among the tissues examined. Moxidectin in liver after administration of moxidectin as $200{\mu}g/kg$ BW was declined from $10.0{\pm}3.7ng/g$ at 10 day post administration to $0.5{\pm}0.3ng/g$ level at 40 day post administration. Residual levels of moxidectin in all samples were estimated to fall below the limit of quantitation (0.32 ng/ml) after 50 day after treatment of $200{\mu}g/kg$. Moxidectin showed no abnormal observations in all the clinical findings at any concentrations under these experimental conditions. In conclusion, this analysis method by HPLC after fluorescence derivatization was very effective for the detection of moxidectin in biological samples. We suggest that 50-day is safe enough for the withdrawal time of moxidectin in pigs, following the recommendation dose by the manufacturer.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.436-444
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• 2002

This study surveyed 146 obese elementary school children(94 male and 52 female) in Seoul, and measured height, body weight, degree of obesity, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, serum lipid profiles and liver function. The hypertension was above 95 percentile depending on age and sex. and the hyperglycemia was defined as above 110mg/dl. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were defined as above 200mg/dl, 160mg/dl, repectively. The abnormal liver function was considered as elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT>35IU/L)or aspartate aminotransferase(AST>35IU/L). The results were as follows: 1. The mean degree of obesity was $29.56\pm12.56\%$, and the percentage of overweight was $18.5\%$, mild obesity $41.1\%$, moderate obesity $35.6\%$, severe obesity $4.8\%$ respectively in surveyed children. 2. The systolic blood pressure was $108.34\pm13.73mmHg$, diastolic blood pressure was $67.46\pm8.27mmHg$. 3. FBS was $93.79\pm6.51mg/dl$. 4. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and AST were $183.34\pm31.38mg/dl$. $115.55\pm56.43mg/dl,\;24.08\pm18.42IU/L,\; 28.73\pm10.45IU/L,$ respectively. 5. The prevalence of complications was $47.2\%$ : hypertension$(13\%)$, hyperglycemia$(0.7\%)$, hypercholesterolemia$(23.3\%)$, hypertriglyceridemia$(17.1\%)$, and liver dysfunction$(21.9\%)$. In conclusion. childhood obesity is associated with various risk factors. Therefore, the aggressive approaches to successful prevention, early detection, and effective treatment of obesity in children are urgently required.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 1998

Objectives : Alcohol-induced oxidative stress has been known to injure various tissues or organs. This stress is related with free radicals which are produced as the result of long-term alcohol consumption. Malonyldialdehyde(MDA) is produced by the interaction of free radicals and cell membrane lipids, and indicates the degree of lipid peroxidation indirectly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between red blood cell(RBC) membrane lipid peroxidation by free radicals, and associated hepatic injuries and hematologic changes. Methods : Thirty-three subjects diagnosed as alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were evaluated within 72 hours after discontinuing alcohol drinking. Clinical characteristics were evaluated by CAGE questionnaire and Korean Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test(MAST). RBC membrane MDA level was measured as the marker of RBC membrane lipid peroxidation. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) were used as the biochemical markers of liver damage due to alcohol ingestion. The alcohol-induced hematologic change was assessed by mean corpuscular volume(MCV). Results : The results were as follows. Clinical characteristics were not different between two groups having normal and abnormal levels of AST, ALT, GGT or MCV. The levels of MDA were not correlated with the clinical characteristics and serum levels of AST, ALT and GGT. However, there was a significant correlation between the levels of MDA and the value of MCV(p=0.017). Conclusions : These findings suggest that oxidative stress in alcohol dependence may not be reflected in liver enzyme markers such as AST, ALT and GGT, but may be reflected in MCV.