• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how phoria variations would vary with head positions, as well as to review the need to differentiate prism placement over either eye in a relation to the imbalance of the extraocular muscle. Methods: This study was carried out with 44 males (88 eyes) and 16 females (32 eyes) aged between 20 and 30. For all subjects, testings were performed using cover test, subjective refraction, phoria and vergence test. To analyze phoria variations comparatively for the head tilt test and the face turn test, phoria deviation were measured using the von Graefe. Results: For the phoria variation related with head tilt and face turn, a significant difference was observed in the group judged to be abnormal on the horizontal phoria of Morgan' norm (p<0.05); especially in patients who needed near prescription of Sheard's criterion, a higher variation was observed (p<0.05). The abnormal group was composed of patients who needed distance prescription of Sheard's criterion and ones who did not need the prescription, all of whom showed phoria variations, but the mean value was less than the near. Conclusions: With regard to the head tilt and face turn related phoria level, the patients who needed near horizontal prism prescription of Sheard's criterion showed a remarkably higher variation. Altogether, it is deemed to check whether extraocular muscles are ill-balanced in both eyes previously to determine the prism power on phoria level to the end that each of prism powers may be accurately determined.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2017

Objective: Sperm morphology plays an important role in infertility, especially in cases of defects in the heads of spermatozoa. Tapered-head or elongated-head spermatozoa are examples of morphological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare the semen parameters, levels of protamine deficiency, and frequency of apoptosis between patients with normozoospermia and those with teratozoospermia with tapered-head spermatozoa. Methods: Fifty-two semen samples (27 patients with tapered-head sperm and 25 fertile men) were collected and semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria for each sample. Protamine deficiency and the percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa were evaluated using chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assays, respectively. Results: Sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology in the tapered-head spermatozoa (cases) were significantly lower than in the normozoospermic samples (controls). CMA3-reactive spermatozoa (CMA3+) in the case group were more common than in the controls. Apoptotic spermatozoa (TUNEL-positive) were significantly more common in the cases than in the controls. Conclusion: This analysis showed that tapered-head spermatozoa contained abnormal chromatin packaging and exhibited a high rate of apoptosis, which can be considered to be an important reason for the impaired fertility potential in teratozoospermic patients with tapered-head spermatozoa.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1996

The Evaluation of patients complaining of psychiatric symptoms following head injury is much affected by the results of various tests. The objecive of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of each lest by comparing the structual and fuctional brain studies. The subjects were 93 organic menial disorder in and out patients at the Dept. of Neuropsychiatry of the Kyung Hee University Hospital. After carrying out MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG, the results of each were analysed for the sesitivity and ability to detect focal lesion. The degree of inter-test correlations of lest results were also investigated. Furthermore, the characteristic features of psychological tests were studied and the relationship between each of above mentioned tests and psychological test was examined. As for the test sensitivity to diagnosis, the SPECT was the most superior followed by MRI, CT, EEG in thai order. In the case of abnormality, SPECT ranked 1st in detection of focal lesion, followed by MRI, CT in that order. In the inter-test result correlation, the correlation of SPECT-MRI was statistically significant. When mare than moderate abnormality EEG finding was reported, it correlated significantly with that of MRI findings. In the MMPI, the average scores on F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales were above 60. Abnormal SPECT group scored significantly high on the F, Pd, Pa, Sc, Ma scales and therefore in comparison ot the SPECT normal group, displayed more psychotic features. In K-WAIS, the mean full scale IQ was down to 77. 23(Verbal IQ : 78.76, Performance IQ : 77.44) but there was no characterogic significant relationship between the lowered to and abnormal SPECT, MRI, CT and EEG results. In conclusion, 1) The SPECT was mast superior in sensitivity and detection of focal lesions. In comparision with other tests, the results of SPECT correlated well with MRI had thus is thought to be very usefull testing method in the evaluation of organic mental disorder patients. 2) The MRI had relatively high sensitivity, ability to detect focal lesion and superior correlation with other test. 3) Although EEG fared less an sensitivity in comparison to other tests, the results of above moderate abnormal grade group and that of MRI correlated significantly. 4) In the MMPI highly scored in F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales and abnormal SPECT patients were shown to display more sever psychotic features. There was no significant character relationship between the lowered IQ(in K-WAIS) and abnormal findings on MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.451-458
• /
• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors that are associated with intracranial lesion, and to propose criteria for classification of mild head injury (MHI), and appropriate treatment guidelines. Methods : The study was based on 898 patients who were admitted to our hospital with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13 to 15 between 2003 and 2007. The patients' initial computerized tomography (CT) findings were reviewed and clinical findings that were associated with intracranial lesions were analyzed. Results : GCS score, loss of consciousness (LOC), age and skull fracture were identified as independent risk factors for intracranial lesions. Based on the data ana lysed in this study, MHI patients were divided into four subgroups : very low risk MHI patients are those with a GCS score of 15 and without a history of LOC or headache; low risk MHI patients have a GCS score of 15 and with LOC and/or headache; medium risk MHI patients are those with a GCS score of 15 and with a skull fracture, neurological deficits or with one or more of the risk factors; high risk MHI patients are those with a GCS score of 15 with abnormal CT findings and GCS score of 14 and 13. Conclusion : A more detailed classification of MHI based on brain CT scan findings and clinical risk factors can potentially improve patient diagnosis. In light of our findings, high risk MHI patients should be admitted and treated in same manner as those with moderate head injury.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.303-312
• /
• 2010

This paper introduces the upper stage attitude control system of KSLV-I, which is the first space launch vehicle in Korea. The KSLV-I upper stage attitude control system consists of two electro-hydraulic actuators and a reaction control system using cold nitrogen gas. A proportional, derivative, and integral controller is designed for the electro-hydraulic thrust vectoring system, and Schmidt trigger ON/OFF controllers are designed for the reaction control system. Each attitude controller is designed to have enough stability margins. The stability and performance of KSLV-I upper stage attitude control system is verified via hardware in the loop tests. Hardware in the loop tests are accomplished for perturbed flight conditions as well as nominal flight condition. The test results show that the attitude control loop of KSLV-I upper stage is very stable and the attitude controllers perform well for all flight conditions. Attitude controllers designed in this paper have been successfully applied to the first flight of KSLV-I on August 25, 2009. The flight test results show that all attitude controllers of the KSLV-I upper stage performed well and satisfied the accuracy specifications even during abnormal flight conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.31 no.2 s.257
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2007

This paper presents a lumped model to predict crosstalk characteristics of thermally driven inkjet print heads. Using the lumped R-C model, heating characteristics of the head are predicted to be in agreement with IR temperature measurements. The inter-channel crosstalk is simulated using the lumped R-L network. The values of viscous flow resistance, R and flow inertance, L of connecting channels are adjusted to accord with the 3-D numerical simulation results of three adjacent jets. The crosstalk behaviors of a back shooter head as well as a top shooter head have been investigated. Predictions of the proposed lumped model on the meniscus oscillations are consistent with numerical simulation results. Comparison of the lumped model with experimental results identifies that abnormal two-drop ejection phenomena are related to the increased meniscus oscillations because of the more severe crosstalk effects at higher printing speeds. The degree of crosstalk has been quantified using cross-correlations between neighboring channels and a critical channel dimension for acceptable crosstalk has been proposed and validated with the numerical simulations. Our model can be used as a design tool for a better design of thermal inkjet print heads to minimize crosstalk effects.

• Medical Lasers
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2020

Eagle syndrome is relatively uncommon with an incidence of abnormal stylohyoid length being 4% to 7.3%. A vast majority of individuals with elongation of the styloid process are asymptomatic. It is a syndrome marked by the clinical signs and symptoms of facial pain, ear pain, throat pain, dysphagia and a globus sensation in the throat. The cause of Eagle syndrome is believed to be a congenital or hormonal change and reactive osseus hyperplasia of the styloid process in response to pharyngeal trauma or surgical intervention, such as tonsillectomy. We present here a case of a 37-year-old female with a twelve-month history of both sided oropharyngeal pain and globus sensation which has no trauma or surgical intervention. The patient presented with a long, slender, bony intraoral projection that was found to be an elongated styloid process. We removed this elongated styloid process with a CO₂ laser, and her symptoms disappeared.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.446-453
• /
• 2022

Objective: The popularization of smartphones can lead to abnormal cervical alignment in university students. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among smartphone screen time, cervical alignment, and muscle function in university students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventy-five university students participated in the study. They completed the evaluation of cervical alignment and muscle function, such as handgrip strength, proprioception, and muscle quality (tone, stiffness, and relaxation time). All participants recorded their general characteristics and individual smartphone screen time before the evaluation. They were evaluated craniovertebral angle (CVA) using smartphone application (angle meter 360) for measuring cervical alignment. The muscle function was assessed using a digital hand-held dynamometer, dual inclinometer, and MyotonPRO device. Results: Of all participants, twenty-five university students had forward head posture (CVA<49°, 33.33%). Independent t-test revealed that there were significant differences on smartphone screen time, muscle stiffness, and muscle relaxation between the participants with and without forward head posture (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the smartphone screen time and the CVA, muscle tone, and muscle relaxation (r=-0.493, 0.250, and -0.500, respectively). Conclusions: The results indicate that the university students with forward head posture had high smartphone screen time and muscle stiffness compared to the students without forward head posture, and smartphone screen time might be associated with cervical alignment and muscle quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2014

For the analysis of water supply network, demand-driven and pressure-driven analysis methods have been proposed. Of the two methods, demand-driven analysis (DDA) can only be used in a normal operation condition to evaluate hydraulic status of a pipe network. Under abnormal conditions, i.e., unexpected pipe destruction, or abnormal low pressure conditions, pressure-driven analysis (PDA) method should be used to estimate the suppliable flowrate at each node in a network. In order to carry out the pressure-driven analysis, head-outflow relationship (HOR), which estimates flowrate at a certain pressure at each node, should be first determined. Most previous studies empirically suggested that each node possesses its own characteristic head-outflow relationship, which, therefore, requires verification by using actual field data for proper application in PDA modeling. In this study, a model pipe network was constructed, and various operation scenarios of normal and abnormal conditions, which cannot be realized in real pipe networks, were established. Using the model network, data on pressure and flowrate at each node were obtained at each operation condition. Using the data obtained, previously proposed HOR equations were evaluated. In addition, head-outflow relationship at each node was analyzed especially under multiple pipe destruction events. By analyzing the experimental data obtained from the model network, it was found that flowrate reduction corresponding to a certain pressure drop (by pipe destruction at one or multiple points on the network) followed intrinsic head-outflow relationship of each node. By comparing the experimentally obtained head-outflow relationship with various HOR equations proposed by previous studies, the one proposed by Wagner et al. showed the best agreement with the exponential parameter, m of 3.0.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.177-190
• /
• 2002

This study were conducted to assess the physical growth and developmental status of infants in orphanage in order to provide an empirical data. The subjects for this study were 104 infants and toddlers who were reared in an orphanage in D Metropolitan city. The instrument used for this study were anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. Data has been collected from September 1st, 1998 to August 31st, 2000 and were analyzed using SPSS/PC(Version 10.0) with frequency, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 30.8% of infants in orphanage had abnormal weight, 26.9% had abnormal length, and 22.1% had abnormal head circumference and most of them were distributed below 50 percentile of growth chart. 2. 53.8% of infants in orphanage had normal, 27.9% had qustionable, and 18.3% had abnormal developmental screening test results, especially, 31.5% of infants in orphanage ages 3 to 5 years had abnormal developmental screening test results, according to the Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST). There was a significant developmental delay noted in the language and fine motor-adaptive sector. 3. It is anticipated that developmental delays would increase in severity by older the mean age of orphanage infants and longer the time being raised in orphanage. It would be concluded that the physical growth and developmental status of orphaned infants were very vulnerable and serious and it is suggested that there needed an effective intervention strategies to promote growth and development of infants in orphanage.