• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1119-1123
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• 2014

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are extremely complex disease types and it is likely that chromosomal instability is involved in the genetic mechanisms of its genesis. However, there is little information regarding the background levels of chromosome instability in these patients. In this pilot study, we examined spontaneous chromosome instability in short-term lymphocyte cultures (72 hours) from 72 study subjects - 36 newly diagnosed HNC squamous cell carcinoma patients and 36 healthy ethnic controls. We estimated chromosome instability (CIN) using chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis and nuclear level anomalies using the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay (CBMN Cyt Assay). The proliferation rates in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were assessed by calculating the Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI). Our results showed a significantly higher mean level of spontaneous chromosome type aberrations (CSAs), chromatid type aberration (CTAs) dicentric chromosomes (DIC) and chromosome aneuploidy (CANE UP) in patients (CSAs, $0.0294{\pm}0.0038$; CTAs, $0.0925{\pm}0.0060$; DICs, $0.0213{\pm}0.0003$; and CANE UPs, $0.0308{\pm}0.0035$) compared to controls (CSAs, $0.0005{\pm}0.0003$; CTAs, $0.0058{\pm}0.0015$; DICs, $0.0005{\pm}0.0003$; and CANEUPs, $0.0052{\pm}0.0013$) where p<0.001l. Similarly, spontaneous nuclear anomalies showed significantly higher mean level of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) among cases (MNi, $0.01867{\pm}0.00108$; NPBs, $0.0156{\pm}0.00234$; NBUDs, $0.00658{\pm}0.00068$) compared with controls (MNi, $0.00027{\pm}0.00009$; NPBs, $0.00002{\pm}0.00002$; NBUDs, $0.00011{\pm}0.00007$).The evaluation of CBPI supported genomic instability in the peripheral blood lymphocytes showing a significantly lower proliferation rate in HNC patients ($1.525{\pm}0.005552$) compared to healthy subjects ($1.686{\pm}0.009520$) (p<0.0001). In conclusion, our preliminary results showed that visible spontaneous genomic instability and low rate proliferation in the cultured peripheral lymphocytes of solid tumors could be biomarkers to predict malignancy in early stages.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probe has been shown to be a valid and rapid method for detection of chromosome rearrangements induced by radiation. This method is useful for quantifying structural aberrations, expecially for stable ones, such as translocation and insertion, which are difficult to detect with conventional method in human lymphocyte. In order to apply FISH method for high dose biological dosimetry, chromosomal abberations by radiation at doses of 1, 3, 5, and 7Gy were analysed with whole chromosome-specific probes by human chromosome 1, 2 and 4 according to PAINT system. The frequencies of stable translocation per cell equivalent were 0.04, 0.33, 1.22, 2.62, and 5.58 for the lymphocyte exposed to 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7Gy, respectively, and those of dicentric were 0.00, 0.06, 0.52, 1.19 and 2.44, respectively. Significantly more translocation of t(Ab), a translocated chromosome with a piece of painted acentric matrial 'b' attached to unpainted piece containing centromere 'A', than reciprocal chromosome t(Ba) was observed. The frequencies of all type of chromosome rearrangements increased with dose. From above result, FISH seemed to be useful for radiation biodosimetry by which the frequencies of various types of stable aberrations in human lymphocyte can be observed more easily than by conventional method and so will improve our ability to perform meaningful biodosimetry.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1999

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether radiation adaptive response could be induced by Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m-MDP) in peripheral lymphocytes of patients undergoing bone scintigraphy. Materials and Methods: Lymphocytes from 22 patients (6 males, 16 females, mean age $50{\pm}14$ years) were collected before and after bone scintigraphy using 740 MBq Tc-99m-MDP Lymphocytes from 10 controls (6 males, 4 females, mean age $43{\pm}7$ years) were also collected. They were exposed to challenge dose of 2 Gy gamma rays using a cell irradiator. Number of ring-form and dicentric chromosomes per 600 cells (chromosomal aberrations) was counted under the light microscope. Results: Chromosomal aberrations in patients before bone scintigraphy ($385.1{\pm}30.5$) was not different from that of controls ($367.8{\pm}36.6$). However, chromosomal aberrations in patients after bone scintigraphy was significantly decreased to $192.6{\pm}22.1$ (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Low dose gamma-irradiation by Tc-99m-MDP used for bone scintigraphy induces a cytogenetic adaptive response in peripheral lymphocytes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.1 s.25
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• pp.116-124
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• 1989

To assay the cytogenetic toxicity of $NiCl_2,\;K_2Cr_2O_7CdCl_2,\;and\;HgCl_2$, the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations were observed in the metaphase chromosomes of the human lymphocytes which were cultured with above materials. The frequencies of SCEs are dose-dependently increased by all materials in this experiment. Chromosomal aberrations, especially gap and break, are increased by the nickel and chromic compounds, while not significantly increased by the cadmium and mercurial compounds. This results indicate the dose dependent relationship between the frequencies of SCEs and the concentrations of the heavy metals, but the increasing rates of the SCEs induced by the heavy metals are less sensitive than other mutagens or carcinogens which were confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2015

Purpose: The new-type rangefinder, which is using the biprism principle, is introduced to develop the range finder which can be easily carried by soldiers, and in order to realize those technologies specifically, we try to develop a scope for military rangefinder by doing optical design which can secure enough space to move the biprism. Methods: After setting up the verious initial condition to realize two kinds of goals, that are the securement of enough space to move the biprism and the easy-exchangeability of two kinds of biprisms, and then the optical system was optimized by using optical design program CodeV in order to minimize the finite ray aberrations. Results: We designed the biprism housing to makes it possible to swap the two kinds of biprisms. It was appeared that the Schmidt prism is suitable as erecting prism which can make sure the space to move the biprism. 16.5 mm was good for the face length of Schmidt prism. The optical system with a Schmidt prism and a biprism was designed, and the finite ray aberrations was minimized. Conclusions: We developed a 5X scope for an optical rangefinder using a biprism and a Schmidt prism with 16.5 mm face length. This scope is valid for the optical system which has the effective field angle of ${\pm}3.6^{\circ}$, and the finite ray aberrations are well controlled within the ${\pm}8.95^{\prime}$.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2008

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is notorious for its poor outcome and increasing incidence. But, the studies of cytogenetic analysis in HNSCC are relatively rare, because of difficulties in culturing solid tumor cells and complexity in chromosomal DNA abberations associated with the lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the location of chromosomal aberrations in Korean HNSCC cell lines (SNU-1041, 1066, and 1076) with comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) and array based CGH(array-CGH). Chromosomal gains of 3q23-q27, 5p13-p15.3, 7p21-pter, 8q11.2-q12, 8q21.1-qter, 9q22-q34, 16q22-q24, and 20q11.2-qter, as well as chromosomal losses on 3p10-p14 were found in all 3 SNU cell lines. Losses on 3p15- p23, 4q22-q27, 4q31.3-qter, 6q14-q15, 7q31-q34, 8p12-pter, 18q21-q23, and 21q11.2-q12 were observed in 2 of 3 cell lines. In array-CGH, many genes were altered including gains of PIK3CA, MYC, EVI1, MAD1L1 genes and losses of SERPIN genes. These aberrations of gene and chromosome coincide with other results of study, generally. These data about the patterns of chromosomal aberrations could be a basic step for understanding more detailed genetic events in the carcinogenesis and also provide information for diagosis and treatment in HNSCC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1984

The concentrations of metabolites of low molecular weights (90 to 310 amu) present in rat urine were determined by field ionization mass spectrometry. Three groups of rats were examined; intact controls, sham-operated rats and rats with selective lesions in their hypothalamus. The latter lesions are shown to induce characteristic aberrations in the metabolic profile, demonstrable five weeks after treatment, which are distinct from those induced by a sham operation.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.214-215
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• 2002

최근 들어 polymer는 여러 분야에 응용되고 있으며 광학적 시스템에도 널리 사용되고 있다. 주로 사용되는 polymer에는 PMMA(Poly methyl methacrylate), PC(Polycarbonate), PS(polystyrene)[1] 등이 있다. Optical Polymer는 제작이 용이하고 크기에 제한을 받지 않아 그 수요가 크게 확대되고 있다. 광학적인 시스템에 사용되기 위해서는 높은 순도가 요구되면서 또한 재질의 균일성이 확보되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 간섭계를 구성하여 복굴절을 측정하고 이러한 복굴절에 기인하는 비대칭 수차의 평가를 통하여 광학적인 시스템에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1998

The type photographic optical system is designed by using numerical method. Initially the paraxial quantites, numerical solutions are found for the system which is free from the Seidel seven aberrations. The final system has f/4 with the half field angle 20$^{\circ}$, and the image size is 36mm with the focal length of 50mm.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 1996

We numerically determined the direction of ray and the average ray-crossing position from the shape of the wavefront on the exit pupil of optical system which had aberrations and apodized aperture. This position was calculated easier and closer to the position of the maximum intensity than that calculated by Safa's method when the aberration is greater than about 2λ.