• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.640-646
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• 2018

To determine whether there are differences in the food component characteristics of the cultured recessive small-sized abalone Haliotis discus hannai (SA; 30-40 each/kg) and middle-sized abalone (MA; 10-15 each/kg), the proximate compositions, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions of these two species were evaluated. Additionally, extraction methods were performed on the SA to asses the quality characteristics of the resulting. In terms of proximate composition, MA had lower moisture and carbohydrate levels and higher crude protein contents than SA. The total amino acid contents of MA and SA were 15,734.4 and 11,379.1 mg/100 g, respectively, the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, arginine and lysine, and the major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. The pH levels and total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents of the hot-water extract (WE) and scrap enzyme hydrolysate (SE) samples from the SA were 6.32 and 6.05, 1.36% and 1.52%, and 342.1 and 403.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The extraction yields and free amino acid contents from SA were 1,317 and 440 mL/kg, and 8,721.1 and 9,070.7 mg/100 g, respectively, and the concentrations of major components were as follows: arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine and lysine. Additionally, the complex extract (WE+SE) was superior to the traditional extract (WE) in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities but not odor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary pigment sources on shell color of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three replicate groups of the abalone, average weight 173 mg, were fed the diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina was approached to yellow-red and orange which are similar to shell color of wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to that of control diet showing bright green. Porphyra powder and Spirulina contain not only fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll and carotenoids but also water-soluble pigment such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. These results would be useful information to change shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2016

Abalones are gastropod mollusks belonging to the genus Haliotis. Fishery products are continuously declining worldwide while abalone production from aquatic farms has considerably increased. Although abalones are regarded as very important marine resources and considered to have big potential in sea-food farming industry around world, the slow growth rate of Pacific abalones is considered to be one of the most serious problems. For the genetic improvements in cultured abalone, advances in various breeding techniques for abalone have been reached through the introduction of selection, crossbreeding, hybridization, and polyploidy in several commercially important abalone species. Six species of abalone have been reported to be distributed along the coasts of Korea: Haliotis discus hannai, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis madaka, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor, and Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. The hybridization between these abalones may be one of the advanced technologies, and the preliminary experiments of interspecific hybrids between abalone species distributed in northern pacific areas including Korea, China, and Japan have been conducted. In this study, we reviewed the phylogenetic relationship of northern pacific abalone species which have the potential traits for aquaculture in Korea and their identifications. We also examined the development of molecular markers and some other aspects of the genetic approaches for successful development of hybrids.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.355-365
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• 2023

The Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, is a highly valued and industrially important aquaculture species with growing demands of the expanding abalone aquaculture industry. To explore the feasibility of using the brown alga, Sargassum horneri, as a potential substitute for abalone feed, it is important to identify the feed preference and attractant effect of S. horneri on Pacific abalone. Our experiments indicated that the feeding-associated movement of abalone could be detected using a video tracking system under indirect illumination with dim red light. To further analyze the attraction potentials of various test materials, preference analysis was performed using Avicel-coated glass plates with ground powders of various seaweeds (e.g., S. horneri, Saccharina japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida) and commercial abalone feed, together with coffee waste. Heat map analysis indicated greater attraction by the kelp S. japonica than by S. horneri and commercial feed, which showed similar preference levels. Feeding preference based on the area of Avicel eaten by abalone showed a significant preference for U. pinnatifida over S. horneri (feeding area: 68.6 ± 20.1% vs. 37.5 ± 22.4%, p < 0.05). Additionally, the feeding area was significantly greater for plates with S. japonica than for plates with S. horneri (44.0 ± 16.6% vs. 22.6 ± 15.4%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feeding area between commercial feed and S. horneri (31.7 ± 11.6% vs. 31.6 ± 20.2%, p > 0.05). The methanol extracts attracted abalone in the following order: U. pinnatifida > S. horneri > S. japonica > commercial feed > coffee waste. To determine the attractive effects of the components of methanol extracts, mixtures of methanol extracts of commercial feed with increasing amounts of S. horneri were examined. The results showed a significant increase in feeding preference upon addition of S. horneri up to 50% and 75%, suggesting its potential for use as an appetite-enhancing feed additive. This study identified conditions that can be successfully used to monitor the movement of Pacific abalone; the results of preference analysis confirmed that abalone exhibited similar attraction and feeding preference for S. horneri, compared with commercial feed.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2020

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved cellular proteins that contribute to adaptive responses of organisms to a variety of stressors. In response to stressors, cellular levels of HSPs are increased and play critical roles in protein stability, folding and molecular trafficking. The mRNA expression pattern of two well-known heat shock protein transcripts, HSP70 and HSP90 were studied in two tissues of nerve ganglia, cerebral ganglion and pleuropedal ganglion of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). It was observed that both HSP70 and HSP90 transcripts were upregulated under heat stress in both ganglion tissues. Expression level of HSP70 was found higher than HSP90 in both ganglia whereas cerebral ganglion showed higher expression than pleuropedal ganglion. The HSP70 and HSP90 showed higher expression at Day-1 after exposed to heat stress, later decreased at Day-3 and Day-7 onwards. The present result suggested that HSP70 and HSP90 synthesize in nerve ganglion tissues and may provide efficient protection from stress.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2022

In this study, data on the types and density of abalone attached organisms were provided in marine net cage of the southern coast. In addition, the effect of the removal of attached organisms was evaluated. In marine net cage, oysters, bryozoa, and barnacles were dominated among the attached organisms, and their average area ratio was about 57.5%. The growth rate and hepatopancreas condition were better in removal group of attached organisms than control group. Therefore, it is judged that the removal of attached organisms from abalone is necessary for the growth of individuals and improvement of value.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.415-419
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• 2014

Inbreeding depression may be an avoidable phenomenon for abalone culture. However, only a few studies were carried out on inbreeding depression. In the present study, to demonstrate inbreeding depression in growth trait of Pacific abalone, H. discus hannai, inbreeding and outbreeding families were produced in 2010. Inbred and outbred families from each experiment were reared in same tank until 10 month for the same breed environment. The individual of inbred and outbred were distinguished by paternity test using microsatellite DNA. The shell length between inbred and outbred families was compared. At the results, significantly higher shell length was observed in the outbred families at 10 mon (P < 0.05). These results indicate that inbreeding depression is obviously observed in growth traits in the first generation of full-sib family of the H. discus hannai.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA variation in hepatopancreas of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) cultured under several acute water temperatures. Abalones were cultured at 10, 15, 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$, for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The HSP70 mRNA expression in hepatopancreas was more increased at $30^{\circ}C$ compared to those at 10. 15, 20 (control) and $25^{\circ}C$. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in hepato-pancreas at all water temperature conditions compared to the control ($20^{\circ}C$). The SOD activity at high water temperature (25 and $30^{\circ}C$) tended to be increased after 12 hours, and was increased immediately after exposure to low water temperature (10 and $15^{\circ}C$). and then was recovered to starting level after the increase. Also, catalase (CAT) activity in hepatopancreas was increased in all the groups except for at $10^{\circ}C$ than the control ($20^{\circ}C$). Survival rate of abalone was $100\%$ at 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, but $92\%$ at $30^{\circ}C$. Thus, according to our study, when abalone is appeared at $20^{\circ}C$, defense mechanism against stress at low water temperature can be accelerated to be stabilized at about $5^{\circ}C$. In the case of exposure of abalone to high water temperature, antioxidant enzyme and HSP70 expression were increased due to elevated physiological stimulation factor, such as temperature.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.9.1-9.13
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• 2017

Background: Metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a key transcriptional regulator playing crucial roles in metal homeostasis and cellular adaptation to diverse oxidative stresses. In order to understand cellular pathways associated with metal regulation and stress responses in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), this study was aimed to isolate the genetic determinant of abalone MTF-1 and to examine its expression characteristics under basal and experimentally stimulated conditions. Results: The abalone MTF-1 shared conserved features in zinc-finger DNA binding domain with its orthologs; however, it represented a non-conservative shape in presumed transactivation domain region with the lack of typical motifs for nuclear export signal (NES) and Cys-cluster. Abalone MTF-1 promoter exhibited various transcription factor binding motifs that would be potentially related with metal regulation, stress responses, and development. The highest messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of MTF-1 was observed in the testes, and MTF-1 transcripts were detected during the entire period of embryonic and early ontogenic developments. Abalone MTF-1 was found to be Cd inducible and highly modulated by heat shock treatment. Conclusion: Abalone MTF-1 possesses a non-consensus structure of activation domains and represents distinct features for its activation mechanism in response to metal overload and heat stress. The activation mechanism of abalone MTF-1 might include both indirect zinc sensing and direct de novo synthesis of transcripts. Taken together, results from this study could be a useful basis for future researches on stress physiology of this abalone species, particularly with regard to heavy metal detoxification and thermal adaptation.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.249-253
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• 2014

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the influence of dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Five diets were formulated to contain 0% (DDG0), 15% (DDG15), 30% (DDG30), 45% (DDG45), and 60% (DDG60) DDG, and three replicate groups of abalone (average body weight: $3.6{\pm}0.21$ g) were fed one of the experimental diets at a feeding rate of 5% body weight per day once daily (17:00 h) for 8 weeks. Survival, shell length, and shell width of juvenile abalone were not affected by dietary DDG levels (P > 0.05). Weight gains of juvenile abalone fed DDG15 and DDG30 diets were not different compared to DDG0, but abalone fed DDG45 and DDG60 diets gained less weight than those fed DDG0 (P < 0.05). Soft body weight/body weight ratio of juvenile abalone fed the DDG60 diet was lower than that of those fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05), but proximate composition of the soft body was not affected by dietary DDG levels (P > 0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that DDG is a good replacement for wheat flour and soybean meal, and can be used up to 30% in the diet to maintain the growth performance of the juvenile abalone.