• 한국인삼전략화협의회:학술대회논문집
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• v.2003 no.09
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• pp.77-88
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• 2003

"Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been a popular herbal remedy used in eastern Asian cultures for thousands of years, and a number of health claims are made for it. Modern therapeutic claims for ginseng refer to vitality, immune function, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and sexual function. These claims are mostly based on uncontrolled or non-randomized studies. Among modern therapeutic claims, however, therapeutic effects for diabetes can reasonably be accepted. Following experiment was done recently in our lab: this study was designed to compare the antidiabetic activities between Ginseng Radix Alba (GRA), Ginseng Radix Rubra (GRR) and Panax Quinquefoli Radix (PQR) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ) (20mg/kg i.p injection for 5 days) induced diabetic rats. In the glucose tolerance test, 500mg/kg of each ginseng ethanol extract was admoinistered intraperitoneally 30min before glucose challenge. While GRA failed to lower blood glucose level, GRR and PQR both significantly prevented the hyperglycemia when compared with the control group. In the MLD STZ-induced diabetic rats, 300 mg/kg of each ginseng ethanol extract was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were markedly improved in all treatment groups. While GRR showed the highest antidiabetic activity, and GRA and PQR revealed somewhat equipotent antidiabetic activities, but less than that in GRR-treated group as for as blood parameters and diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia are concerned. Blood glucose levels were closely associated with plasma insulin levels, and this result may suggest that ginseng ethanol extracts showed the activity to enhance insulin secretion as well as preventing destruction of pancreatic islet cells. To elucidate the relationship between antidiabetic activity and ginsenoside profiles, seven major ginsenoside were quantified by HPLC. We figured out the fact that protopanaxatriol (PPT) : proptopanaxadiol (PPD) ratio might play an important role in its hypoglycemia effects."

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.357-368
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• 2013

Tailored nutritional education is generally found to be more effective in changing behaviors and to be more fully implemented than a non-tailored equivalent. This study was conducted in order to develop tailored nutritional education materials on food additives in processed foods based on need and levels of knowledge of educational targets of elementary-school students in Seoul Metropolitan City. The focus group interview was conducted with six elementary-school nutrition teachers in order to gather information and to develop a tailored quantitative questionnaire for the survey. Based on the results from 138 nutrition teachers, all answered that education on food additives in processed foods for students is necessary and both teachers and students need to receive education regarding definition, safety, and use of food additives for each processed food, in the form of video, PPT, and teaching-learning plan. Nutritional education materials for two classes were developed using video clips (grocery shopping and cooking class) about food additives in processed foods, PPTs with activity papers, two teaching-learning plans, and school newsletters to parents. In conclusion, the current study warrants conduct of further studies short-term and long-term impacts and efficacy of tailored need-based nutrition education in promotion of healthy nutrition by conveying proper scientific knowledge regarding food additives in processed foods for elementary-school students.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Public interest in healthy hairs gets growing as damaged hairs are seen more frequently with the generalization of heat permanent waves. For this study, experiments have been conducted to understand the influences on the changes in physical and morphological features of wave forms and damaged hairs, by collecting virgin hairs from the women in their mid-20's, who had not experienced chemical applications, and by dividing the applications of heat perm hair treatments, PPT(for pre-treatment) and LPP(for post-treatment), into the pre-treatment, the post-treatment, the pre & post-treatment, and the non-treatment. For the wave formations, curl waves were investigated by the bare eyes using the pictures taken by a digital camera. For the comparison of physical features, the experiments of tensile strength and elongation were done and their mean values were found. For the observations of morphological features, the pictures were taken by SEM for comparison. As for the findings, regarding the curl wave shapes of hairs, the most even and elastic S curl was formed in the case of non-treatment. In the physical features, both of the tensile strength and elongation showed a decreasing tendency in line with the hair damage levels, and the case of the pre & post-treatment indicated the tendency most similar to the control group. In the morphological features of the cuticle, observed with an SEM, the pre-treatment showed the higher possibility of reducing the cuticle damages than the post-treatment did. LPP was found to play the role of protective membrane for the post-treatment, and the pre & post-treatment turned out to reduce most effectively the cuticle damages.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.510-515
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• 2006

The putative EPA synthesis gene cluster was mined from the entire genome sequence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The gene cluster encodes a PKS-like pathway that consists of six open reading frames (ORFs): ORFSO1602 (multi-domain beta-ketoacyl synthase, KS-MAT-4ACPs-KR), ORFSO1600 (acyl transferase, AT), ORFSO1599 (multi-domain beta-ketoacyl synthase, KS-CLF-DH-DH), ORFSO1597 (enoyl reductase, ER), ORFSO1604 (phosphopentetheine transferase, PPT), and ORFSO1603 (transcriptional regulator). In order to prove involvement of the PKS-like machinery in EPA synthesis, a 20.195-kb DNA fragment containing the genes was amplified from S. oneidensis MR-1 by the long-PCR method. Its identity was confirmed by the methods of restriction enzyme site mapping and nested PCR of internal genes orfSO1597 and orfSO1604. The DNA fragment was cloned into Escherichia coli using cosmid vector SuperCos1 to form pCosEPA. Synthesis of EPA was observed in four E. coli clones harboring pCosEPA, of which the maximum yield was 0.689% of the total fatty acids in a clone designated 9704-23. The production yield of EPA in the E. coli clone was affected by cultivation temperature, showing maximum yield at $20^{\circ}C$ and no production at $30^{\circ}C$ or higher. In addition, production yield was inversely proportional to glucose concentration of the cultivation medium. From the above results, it was concluded that the PKS-like modules catalyze the synthesis of EPA. The synthetic process appears to be subject to regulatory mechanisms triggered by various environmental factors. This most likely occurs via the control of gene expression, protein stability, or enzyme activity.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

Rubber compounds have a high viscoelastic property. One of the viscoelastic behaviors during profile extrusion is the swelling of extrudate, and the amount of swelling varies with operational conditions in extrusion. It is well recognized that the elastic portion in the viscoelastic property plays an important role in the extrudate swell. In this study computer simulation of the die swell at the capillary die for several rubber compounds has been performed using commercial CFD code, Polyflow. A non-linear differential viscoelastic model, Phan-Thien-Tanner (PTT) model, was used in the computer simulation. Non-isothermal behavior was considered in the calculation. Distribution of pressure, velocity and temperature in the reservoir and capillary die, and extrudate profiles were predicted through the simulation. The amount of the die swell fur the different rubber compounds was investigated for various flow rates and three types of length to diameter of the capillary die. It is concluded that the PTT model successfully represented viscoelastic behavior of rubber compounds.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

Viral infections are known as one of the major factors causing death. Ginseng is a medicinal plant that demonstrated a wide range of antiviral potential, and saponins are the major bioactive ingredients in the genus Panax with vast therapeutic potential. Studies focusing on the antiviral activity of the genus Panax plant-derived agents (extracts and saponins) and their mechanisms were identified and summarized, including contributions mainly from January 2016 until January 2022. P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius were included in the review as valuable medicinal herbs against infections with 14 types of viruses. Reports from 9 extracts and 12 bioactive saponins were included, with 6 types of protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides and 6 types of protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides. The mechanisms mainly involved the inhibition of viral attachment and replication, the modulation of immune response by regulating signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) pathway, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. This review includes detailed information about the mentioned antiviral effects of the genus Panax extracts and saponins in vitro and in vivo, and in human clinical trials, which provides a scientific basis for ginseng as an adjunctive therapeutic drug or nutraceutical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2023

This study involved 22 students in one class of 4th year science intensive course at B College of Education. We investigated the changes in the acquisition of knowledge in the field of geology and the perception of geological exploration among pre-service teachers. For this study, a period of four weeks was designated for a semester to a geological field trip. For the geological exploration, the Geoparks of City B (Geumjeongsan Mountain, Amnam Park, Igidae, Dusong Peninsula, Jangsan, Taejongdae, and Hwangnyeongsan Mountain) were designated. The concept of geology and rocks has been extracted from the concepts that can be found in the Geopark. The composition of the group was composed of one group of four members autonomously. The other two of the pre-service teachers joined a group of friends with whom they had an affinity. After the geological field trip, the materials were organized by group and PPT presentations were made during the lecture time where all the members could listen. The extent to which the pre-service teachers acquired the concepts of geology and rocks after conducting the geological field trip was interpreted as the result of pre- and post-statistical processing. In addition, we interpreted what kind of perception the pre-service teachers had after the geological field trip as a result of the statistical processing before and after. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: First, it was effective for the pre-service teachers to acquire the concepts of strata and rocks after the geological field trip. The reason for this is that the experience of the pre-service teachers in conducting geological field trips has changed their perception of geological field trips. In addition, it is interpreted that these results were obtained because the pre-service teachers had a high level of interest in geology and rocks. Second, the pre-service teachers were able to gain confidence after the geological field trip. This reason is interpreted as the fact that they were able to gain confidence in geological exploration by exploring and experiencing the sites of the Geopark for each group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the meridian muscle release technique on the pain and functional movement of patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the shoulder joint. METHODS: The subjects of this study included 45 patients with MPS of the shoulder joint. The subjects were divided randomly into the following groups; the meridian muscle release technique group (n=15), the Graston technique group (n=15), and the control group (n=15). Both the meridian muscle release group and the Graston technique group received conventional therapy for 35 minutes initially and were then treated using the meridian muscle releases technique and Graston technique for 10 minutes, respectively. The control group received only conventional therapy for 35 minutes. All three groups underwent treatments three times a week for four weeks. Each subject was evaluated randomly using the VAS, PPT, SPADI and ROM both before and after treatment. RESULTS: The Graston technique group showed a significantly more substantial increase in functional movement (p<.05) than the meridian muscle release technique and control groups. The meridian muscle release technique group had significantly less pain (p<.05) compared to the Graston technique and control groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the meridian muscle release technique can be useful for decreasing pain and increasing the functional movement of patients with MPS of the shoulder joint.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributive property of organic pollutants in effluents of argo/industrial wastewater treatment plants in Jeonnam using simultaneous analysis method of 310 chemicals. The numerous organic pollutants were detected in four sampling sites and the major chemicals were pesticides, CH type chemicals such as polycyclic compounds, CHO type chemicals such as phthalates, and CHO(N) type chemical such as aromatic amines. Moreover, 17 kinds of endocrine disrupters which include diethylptbalate were detected in each sampling sites. TU (Toxic unit) indicated cytotoxicity of samples using XTT assay, it appeared highly at A point(27.2) and D point(24.4). Also, the results from the correlation between total concentration of pollutants and TU did not correspond to the results of chemical and biological analysis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of three different pelvic tilts on sit-to-stand ativities and to suggest a new therapeutic approach for movement reeducation in patients who have difficulty with sit-to-stand activities. The three different pelvic tilts were: (1) comfortable pelvic tilt sit-to-stand (CPT STS), (2) posterior pelvic tilt sit-to-stand (PPT STS) and (3) anterior pelvic tilt sit-to-stand (APT STS). To analyze the kinematic component of STS, a motion analysis system (Zebris) was applied to the ankle, knee, hip joint, and thigh-off area. Also, to determine the onset time of muscle contraction, surface electrodes were placed to the rectus femoris muscle (RF), the vastus lateralis muscle (VL), the biceps femoris muscle (BF), the tibialis anterior muscle (TA), the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM), and the soleus muscle (SOL). One-way repeated ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis. First, significant differences were found in kinematic variables for the hip, knee, ankle joint, and thigh-off among the three activities. Second, there was significant difference in muscle activation pattern in TA. VL. and BF among three activities. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest the following evaluative and therapeutic approach for STS activity: (1) Changes in knee and ankle joints should be prioritized and recruitment order differences in VL and RF can be generated to accomplish abnormal STS activity. (2) APT STS can be introduced for movement efficiency and functional advantage when abnormal STS is treated.