• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제30권10호
• /
• pp.646-650
• /
• 2017

We have evaluated the ferroelectric and electrical properties of pure $BiFeO_3$ (BFO) and $Bi_{0.9}A_{0.1}Fe_{0.975}V_{0.025}O_{3+{\alpha}}$ (A=Nd, Tb) thin films on $Pt(111)/Ti/SiO_2/Si(100)$ substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. The remnant polarization ($2P_r$) of the $Bi_{0.9}Tb_{0.1}Fe_{0.975}V_{0.025}O_{3+{\alpha}}$ (BTFVO) thin film was approximately $65{\mu}C/cm^2$, with a maximum applied electric field of 950 kV/cm and a frequency of 10 kHz, where as that of the $Bi_{0.9}Nd_{0.1}Fe_{0.975}V_{0.025}O_{3+{\alpha}}$ (BNFVO) thin film was approximately $37{\mu}C/cm^2$ with a maximum applied electric field of 910 kV/cm. The leakage current density of the co-doped BNFVO thin film was four orders of magnitude lower than that of the pure BFO thin film, at $2.75{\times}10^{-7}A/cm^2$ with an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm. The grain size and uniformity of the co-doped BNFVO and BTFVO thin films were improved, in comparison to the pure BFO thin film, through structural modificationsdue to the co-doping with Nd and Tb.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.468-475
• /
• 2011

[ $LaMeO_3$ ](Me = Cr, Co) powders were prepared using the polymeric precursor method. The effects of the chelating agent and the polymeric additive on the synthesis of the $LaMeO_3$ perovskite were studied. The samples were synthesized using ethylene glycol (EG) as the solvent, acetyl acetone (AcAc) as the chelating agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the polymer additive. The thermal decomposition behavior of the precursor powder was characterized using a thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The crystallization and particle sizes of the $LaMeO_3$ powders were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and particle size analyzer, respectively. The as-prepared precursor primarily has $LaMeO_3$ at the optimum condition, i.e. for a molar ratio of both metal-source (a : a) : EG (80a : 80a) : AcAc (8a) inclusive of 1 wt% PVP. When the as-prepared precursor was calcined at $700^{\circ}C$, only a single phase was observed to correspond with the orthorhombic structure of $LaCrO_3$ and the rhombohedral structure of $LaCoO_3$. A solid-electrolyte impedance-metric sensor device composed of $Li_{1.5}Al_{0.5}Ti_{1.5}(PO_4)_3$ as a transducer and $LaMeO_3$ as a receptor has been systematically investigated for the detection of NOx in the range of 20 to 250 ppm at $400^{\circ}C$. The sensor responses were able to divide the component between resistance and capacitance. The impedance-metric sensor for the NO showed higher sensitivity compared with $NO_2$. The responses of the impedance-metric sensor device showed dependence on each value of the NOx concentration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 1991

쇠고기 단백질 소화에 미치는 마늘의 영향을 검토하기 위해 마늘첨가량, 숙성기간에 따른 효소소화율 및 소화저해물질(Trypsin Inhibitor, TI)의 변화를 실험하였다. 또한 효소 가수분해물의 gel여과 및 가용성부분의 질소량을 정량하여 단백질의 구조 변화를 확인하였으며, 소화율과 아미노산조성 결과를 토대로 예측소화율(Predicted Digestibility, P-dig.), 계산단백효율비(Computed Protein Efficiency Ratio, C-PER) 및 분별계산단백효율비(Discriminant Computed Protein Efficiency Ratio, DC-PER)를 계산하여 단백질 품질을 평가하였다. 쇠고기단백질 소화율은 첨가되는 생마늘량에 약간 영향을 받으나 최적 참가량은 첨가 후의 가열조건에 의하여 결정된다($96{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 20분 가열시 쇠고기 : 마늘=100g : 12g, 60분 가열시 쇠고기 : 마늘=100g : 3g) 열변성된 쇠고기에 대한 생마늘의 효과는 없고, 날쇠고기육의 소화에는 생마늘의 효과만 인정되며 이미 가열된 쇠고기육의 소화에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 날쇠고기를 $4~6^{\circ}C$에서 숙성시켰을 때, 최대의 소화율을 나타내는 시간은 마늘 첨가량에 따라 달라 날쇠고기 100g에 마늘 3g을 첨가할 경우에는(A) 8시간, 12g일 경우에는(B) 12시간이었다. 마늘과 함께 숙성시킨 쇠고기육은 (A)의 경우 $96{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 80분, (B)의 경우 20분 정도 가열했을 때 최대소화율을 나타내었다. Four-enzyme으로 가수분해한 숙성시료에는 2,200 dalton 정도의 저분자량의 peptid가 생성되어 소화가 용이함을 확인했으며, 가용성부분도 소화율에 비례하여 증가하였다. 효소소화율에 비례하여 C-PER은 증가하여 C-PER 2.14(날쇠고기)에서 2.50(마늘과 함께 숙성시킨 시료)로 품질이 개선되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2006

A novel method was proposed to grow an epitaxial $CoSi_2$ on (100)Si substrate. A $CoN_x$ interlayer was deposited by reactive sputtering of Co in an Ar+$N_2$ flow. From the Ti/Co/$CoN_x$/Si structure, a uniform and thin $CoSi_2$ layer was epitaxially grown on (100)Si by annealing above $700^{\circ}C$. Two amorphous layers were found at the $CoN_x$/Si interface, where the top layer has a silicon nitride (Si-N) bonding state with some Co content and the bottom layer has a Co-Si intermixing state. The SiNx amorphous layer seems to play a critical role of suppressing the diffusion of Co into Si substrate for the direct formation of epitaxial $CoSi_2$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
• /
• pp.174-175
• /
• 2007

A programmable metallization cell (PMC) memory structure with copper-saturated GeTe solid electrolyte films doped by nitrogen was prepared on a TiW bottom electrode by a co-sputtering technique at room temperature. The $Ge_{45}Te_{55}$ solid electrolyte films deposited with various $N_2$/Ar flow ratios showed an increase of crystallization temperature and especially, the electrolyte films deposited at $N_2$/Ar ratios above 30% showed a crystallization temperature above $400^{\circ}C$, resulting in surviving in a back-end process in semiconductor memory devices. The device with a 200 nm thick $Cu_{1-x}(Ge_{45}Te_{55})_x$ electrolyte switches at 1 V from an "off " state resistance, $R_{off}$, close to $10^5$ to an "on" resistance state, Ron, more than 20rders of magnitude lower for this programming current.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.1069-1074
• /
• 2019

A novel fabrication method of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel cladding tubes for advanced fast reactors has been investigated using the cold spray powder-based materials deposition process. Cold spraying has the potential advantage for rapidly fabricating ODS cladding tubes in comparison with the conventional multi-step extrusion process. A gas atomized spherical 14YWT (Fe-14%Cr, 3%W, 0.4%Ti, 0.2% Y, 0.01%O) powder was sprayed on a rotating cylindrical 6061-T6 aluminum mandrel using nitrogen as the propellant gas. The powder lacked the oxygen content needed to precipitate the nanoclusters in ODS steel, therefore this work was intended to serve as a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that free-standing steel cladding tubes with prototypical ODS composition could be manufactured using the cold spray process. The spray process produced an approximately 1-mm thick, dense 14YWT deposit on the aluminum-alloy tube. After surface polishing of the 14YWT deposit to obtain desired cladding thickness and surface roughness, the aluminum-alloy mandrel was dissolved in an alkaline medium to leave behind a free-standing ODS tube. The as-fabricated cladding tube was annealed at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in an argon atmosphere to improve the overall mechanical properties of the cladding.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.373-379
• /
• 2001

우리 나라 산지토양의 주요 모암에서 발달된 잔적층 암쇄를 대상으로 토양의 단면 특성, 이화학적 특성 X-선 형광분석 (XRF)을 통하여 모재에 따른 토양의 화학조성 변화와 주요한 구성원소의 풍화량을 토양층위 및 모암별로 비교하였다. 모암에 관계없이 토양의 C층에 비하여 A층에서 점토함량, 양이온 치환용량 (CEC), 유기물 함량은 높았으며, 용적밀도 ($kg\;m^{-3}$)와 pH는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그러나 사암모재의 의성통에서는 점토함량이 감소하였는데 이는 토양과 함께 유실 되었거나 하부로 이동한 것으로 보였다. 토양 중 $SiO_2$함량은 화강암, 화강편마암, 석회암, 혈암 유래 토양에서, $Fe_2O_3$와 MgO는 현무암, 석회암, 혈암 유래 토양에서, CaO는 석회암 유래 토양에서 각각 높았다. 현무암 모재의 구좌통과 석회암 모재의 장성통 토양에서 작열감량(Igniton loss)이 크게 나타났다. 토양 화학성분별 풍화 정도는 공시 토양의 모암에 관계없이 염기이온(K, Ca, Mg, Na)들의 풍화량이 Si, Al, Fe 보다 크게 나타났다. C층과 비교하여 A층의 $TiO_2$의 함량비가 클수록 화학성분의 풍화정도가 큰 토양으로 나타났으며, 이는 $TiO_2$가 다른 원소보다 풍화에 상대적으로 안정된 광물이기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 각 원소의 절대적 함량비를 고려할 때 화강암, 화강편마암, 사암, 혈암, 현무암 유래 토양에서는 Si, Al의 유실이 심했으나 석회암 유래 토양에서는 탄산염의 빠른 풍화로 Ca, Mg이온의 풍화량이 많았다. 화학 성분의 풍회가 큰 토양은 사암 유래 의 성통과 화강암 유래 도산통 >> 혈암 유래 음성통과 석회암 유래 장성통 > 화강편마암 유래 덕산통 > 현무암 유래의 구좌통 순이었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2010

We investigated the carbon monoxide (CO) gas-sensing properties of nanostructured Al-doped zinc oxide thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots (ZnO/Au thin films). The Al-doped ZnO thin film was deposited onto the structure by rf sputtering, resulting in a gas-sensing element comprising a ZnO-based active layer with an embedded Pt/Ti electrode covered by the self-assembled Au nanodots. Prior to the growth of the active ZnO layer, the Au nanodots were formed via annealing a thin Au layer with a thickness of 2 nm at a moderate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. It was found that the ZnO/Au nanostructured thin film gas sensors showed a high maximum sensitivity to CO gas at $250^{\circ}C$ and a low CO detection limit of 5 ppm in dry air. Furthermore, the ZnO/Au thin film CO gas sensors exhibited fast response and recovery behaviors. The observed excellent CO gas-sensing properties of the nanostructured ZnO/Au thin films can be ascribed to the Au nanodots, acting as both a nucleation layer for the formation of the ZnO nanostructure and a catalyst in the CO surface reaction. These results suggest that the ZnO thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots are promising for practical high-performance CO gas sensors.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 제35회 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2002

In order to enhance the thermal stability of binder materials of bonded type solid lubricants, several combinations of metal-alkoxide based sol-gel materials such as methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMOS), $titaniumisopropoxide(Ti(Opr^{j})_{4})$, $zirconiumisopropoxide(Zr(Opr^{j})_{4})$ and $aluminumbutoxide(Al(Obu^{t})_{4})$ were chemically modified by epoxy-, acrylic- and fluoro-silane compounds, respectively, in this work. Friction and wear characteristics of these hybrid ceramic materials were tested with a micro tribe-tester where a reciprocating steel ball slid on a test material, and the tribological property was also evaluated with respect to both heat-curing temperature and tile time. Test results generally showed that hybrid ceramic materials modified by epoxy-silane compounds had a low friction compared to others. And the higher heat-curing temperature and the longer heat treatment time resulted in the higher friction and the lower wear. IR spectroscopic analyses revealed that it was caused mainly by the increased metal oxide content in hybrid ceramics when the heat-curing temperature was over $320^{\circ}C$.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.79-79
• /
• 2013

Quantum-structures with nanoparticles have been attractive for various electronic and photonic devices [1,2]. In recent, nonvolatile memories such as nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) and resistance random access memory (ReRAM) have been studied using silicides, metals, and metal oxides nanoparticles [3,4]. In this study, we fabricated nonvolatile memories with silicides (WSi2, Ti2Si, V2Si) and metal-oxide (Cu2O, Fe2O3, ZnO, SnO2, In2O3 and etc.) nanoparticles embedded in polyimide matrix, and photovoltaic device also with SiC nanoparticles. The capacitance-voltageand current-voltage data showed a threshold voltage shift as a function of write/erase voltage, which implies the carrier charging and discharging into the metal-oxide nanoparticles. We have investigated also the electrical properties of ReRAM consisted with the nanoparticles embedded in ZnO, SiO2, polyimide layer on the monolayered graphene. We will discuss what the current bistability of the nanoparticle ReRAM with monolayered graphene, which occurred as a result of fully functional operation of the nonvolatile memory device. A photovoltaic device structure with nanoparticles was fabricated and its optical properties were also studied by photoluminescence and UV-Vis absorption measurements. We will discuss a feasibility of nanoparticles to application of nonvolatile memories and photovoltaic devices.