• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2017

This study aimed to compare the cellular toxicities of three clinically used dry eye treatments; 3% diquafosol tetrasodium and hyaluronic acid at 0.3 and 0.18%. A methyl thiazolyltetrazoiun (MTT)-based calorimetric assay was used to assess cellular proliferation and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay to assess cytotoxicity, using Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to 3% diquafosol tetrasodium, 0.3% hyaluronic acid (HA), or 0.18% HA or 1, 6 or 24 h. Cellular morphology was evaluated by inverted phase-contrast light microscopy and electron microscopy, and wound widths were measured 24 h after confluent HCECs were scratched. Diquafosol had a significant, time-dependent, inhibitory effect on HCEC proliferation and cytotoxicity. HCECs treated with diquafosol detached more from the bottoms of dishes and damaged cells showed degenerative changes, such as, reduced numbers of microvilli, vacuole formation, and chromatin of the nuclear remnant condensed along the nuclear periphery. All significantly stimulated reepithelialization of HCECs scratched, which were less observed in diquafosol. Therefore, epithelial toxicity should be considered after long-term usage of diquafosol and in overdose cases, especially in dry eye patients with pre-existing punctated epithelial erosion.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Re-epithelialization has an important role in skin wound healing. Astaxanthin (ASX), a carotenoid found in crustaceans including shrimp, crab, and salmon, has been widely used for skin protection. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ASX on proliferation and migration of human skin keratinocyte cells and explored the mechanism associated with that migration. MATERIAL/METHOD: HaCaT keratinocyte cells were exposed to $0.25-1{\mu}g/mL$ of ASX. Proliferation of keratinocytes was analyzed by using MTT assays and flow cytometry. Keratinocyte migration was determined by using a scratch wound-healing assay. A mechanism for regulation of migration was explored via immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Our results suggest that ASX produces no significant toxicity in human keratinocyte cells. Cell-cycle analysis on ASX-treated keratinocytes demonstrated a significant increase in keratinocyte cell proliferation at the S phase. In addition, ASX increased keratinocyte motility across the wound space in a time-dependent manner. The mechanism by which ASX increased keratinocyte migration was associated with induction of filopodia and formation of lamellipodia, as well as with increased Cdc42 and Rac1 activation and decreased RhoA activation. CONCLUSIONS: ASX stimulates the migration of keratinocytes through Cdc42, Rac1 activation and RhoA inhibition. ASX has a positive role in the re-epithelialization of wounds. Our results may encourage further in vivo and clinical study into the development of ASX as a potential agent for wound repair.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2019

Microbial wound infection prolonged the hospitalization and increase the cost for wound management. Silver is commonly used as antimicrobial wound dressing. However, it causes several adverse side effects. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of Swietenia macrophylla seed extract on clinical wound pathogens. Besides, the bioactive constituents of the seed extract were also determined. S. macrophylla seeds were extracted with methanol by maceration method. The seed extract inhibited 5 test bacteria and 1 yeast on disc diffusion assay. The antibacterial activity was broad spectrum, as the extract inhibited both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. On kill curve analysis, the antibacterial activity of the seed extract was concentration-dependent, the increase of extract concentration resulted in more reduction of bacterial growth. The extract also caused 99.9% growth reduction of Bacillus subtilis relative to control. A total of 21 compounds were detected in gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis. The predominant compounds present in the extract were oleic acid (18.56%) and linoleic acid (17.72%). In conclusion, the methanolic extract of S. macrophylla seeds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity on clinical wound pathogens. Further investigations should be conducted to purify other bioactive compounds from the seeds of S. macrophylla.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2007

Fruits and vegetable extracts are well-known as healthy foods. Such foods have been used as herbal medicines or traditional therapies for centuries. To assess biological activities in grapes, we examined the immunomodulating activities of water extracts from four kinds of grapes (cultivars Kyoho, Delaware, Campbell, and Niagara). We explored possible antioxidant and anticancer activities using antioxidant assays such as the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction assay, the ferric iron reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, a cell proliferation assay, an NO inhibition assay, a wound healing assay, and an IL-4/IL-13 elicitation assay. Methanol extracts of grapes were tested. The results showed that each grape extract had potent antioxidant activities. The grape extracts increased cell proliferation and NO production activities in tumor cell lines. IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine levels were decreased in mouse primary spleen cells by treatment with any extract. These results suggest that grape extracts can be used as biomaterials with immunomodulating activities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.186-195
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• 2021

In this study, when stem cell culture solution is used as a cosmetic ingredient, one of the most prominent problems is that the ingredients generally have low thermal stability. Therefore, in this study, in order to find out how the stem cell culture medium is heated or preserved at high temperature, the effect of various effects of stem cells on the various effects of the stem cells was investigated. Investigated. As a result of the experiment, the wound healing assay confirmed that the cell migration increased after 6 hours, and after 24 hours, it was confirmed that the cell mobility was increased and cell division was promoted, thereby being concentrated. As a result of investigating the amount of transdermal water loss by preparing a cosmetic product containing stem cell culture solution, it was confirmed that the culture solution addition group showed an improvement rate of 31% compared to the non-added group, thereby helping in skin wound recovery. As a result of this, it is considered that this point should be considered when the stem cell culture medium is used as an active ingredient in cosmetics in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity, wound healing, moisturizing and anti-pollution effects of fermented Citrus junos (FCJ) with Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a cosmetic material. For the anti-oxidative activities, the FCJ showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activities. In addition, FCJ increased cell migration compared to the untreated group in scratch-induced wound healing assay. It was confirmed that the amount of filagrin (FLG), a moisturizing factor, increased in FCJ. FCJ prevented the decrease in cell viability, stimulated by PM₁₀ at in vitro. Based on these results, it is believed that various effects of FCJ can provide a scientific basis for the development of cosmetic raw materials.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2024

In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the Pandanus tectorius extract on AGS cells. P. tectorius, commonly known as hala or screw pine, is a tropical plant traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, effects of the P. tectorius extract on cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression were evaluated using various assays, including the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST)-1, wound healing, migration, and western blotting assays. WST-1 assay revealed a significant dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability, with higher concentrations of the extract resulting in more pronounced viability inhibition. Wound healing and migration assays revealed that the P. tectorius extract effectively hindered cell migration, as the treated cells showed considerably slower wound closure and reduced migration than the control cells. Molecular analysis revealed that the extract significantly downregulated the expression levels of key oncogenic proteins, genes, and components of the Notch signaling pathway. Western blotting confirmed the substantial reduction in the marker protein levels in treated cells. These findings suggest that P. tectorius extract exerts its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways crucial for cancer cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Overall, this study highlights the potential of P. tectorius extract as a therapeutic agent for gastric cancer treatment.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2023

In this study, we have investigated the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on corneal wound healing, using a low-power light-emitting diode (LED) at different wavelengths. We found that LEDs with wavelengths ranging from 623 to 940 nm had no significant cytotoxic effects on corneal epithelial cells. The effect of PBM on promoting cell migration was analyzed by scratch assay, and it was found that PBM at 623 nm significantly increased cell migration and promoted wound healing. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to cell migration and wound healing was analyzed, and it was found that PBM at 623 nm upregulated the expression of the genes FGF-1 and MMP2, which are known to promote cell proliferation and extracellular matrix degradation. These findings suggest that PBM with low-powered light at specific wavelengths, particularly 623 nm, could be utilized to treat corneal injury.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2002

Cyto-toxic effect of silver sulfadiazine (Ag-SD) on keratinocytes and its implication on wound healing process were investigated in $2^{nd}$ degree bum hairless mouse model. As a dermal model, HaCat (immortalized keratinocytes) monolayer culture in DMEM with 10% FBS was used. Cyto-toxicity of Ag-SD was estimated by measuring the cell viability using neutral red assay after adding the drug. The $2^{nd}$ degree bum was prepared on hairless mouse back skin (1 cm diameter) and dressings with Ag-SD were applied for 96 hr. The process of re-epithelialization and the presence of inflammatory cells were investigated and histology with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was performed. Ag-SD displayed highly cyto-toxic effect on cultured HaCat cells in a concentration dependent manner $(1-100\;{\mu}g/mL)$. Topical application of Ag-SD (2%) could control the infection: no inflammatory cells were observed in histology. However the cyto-toxic effect of Ag-SD on skin cells induced the impairment in epidermal regeneration.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.686-694
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• 2015

Background Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice. Methods Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta ($250{\mu}g$) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$), and CD31. Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EGF was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test. Results On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, VEGF and EGF expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, TGF-${\beta}1$ expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in EGF on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA. Conclusions Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model via increased EGF release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.