• 조형예술학연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.161-181
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• 2006

The words which appeared in my theoretical study and work are image transformation to digital painting, simulation, heterologie and transfiguration, etc. Firstly, let's look into 'digital era' or 'new media era'. Nowadays, the image world including painting within the rapid social and cultural change, which is called as digital era, is having the dramatic change. Together with the development of scientific technology, large number of events which was deemed to be impossible is happening as real in image world Moreover, these changes in image world is greatly influencing to our life. The word which compresses this change of image world and shows is 'digital'. Digit, which means fingers in Latin, indicates separately changing signal, and to be more narrow, it indicates the continual signal of '0' and ' 1' in computer. The opposite word is 'analogue'. As analogue is the word meaning 'infer' or 'similarity', it indicates the signal or form which continuously changes along the series of time when it is compared to digital. Instead of analogue, digital is embossed as a major ruler along the whole area of our current culture. In whole culture and art area, and in whole generalscience, digital is appearing as it has the modernism and importance. The prefix, 'digital', e.g. digital media, digital culture, digital design, digital philosophy, etc, is treated as the synonym of modernism and something new. This advent of digital results the innovative change to the image world, creates the new beauty experience which we could not experience before, and forecasts the formation of advanced art and expansion of creative area. Various intellectual activities using computer is developing the whole world with making the infrastructure. Computer in painting work immediately accomplishes the idea of painters, takes part in simulation work, contingency such as abrupt reversal, extraction, twisting, shaking, obscureness, overlapping, etc, and timing to stimulate the creativity of painters, and provides digital formative language which enables new visual experience to the audience. When the change of digital era, the image appeared in my work is shown in 'transfiguration' like drawing. The word, 'transfiguration' does not indicate the completed and fixed real substance but indicate endlessly moving and floating shape. Thus, this concept is opposite to the substantial consideration, so that various concepts which is able to replace this in accordance with the similar cases are also exist such as change, deterioration, mutation, deformity of appearance and morphing which is frequently used in computer as a technical word. These concepts are not clearly classified, and variably and complicatedly related. Transfiguration basically means the denial of "objectivity' and '(continual) stagnation' or deviation from those. This phenomenon is appeared through the all art schools of art ever since the realism is denied in the 19th century. It is called as 'deformation' in case of expressionism, futurism, cubism, etc, in the beginning of the century, which its former indication is mostly preserved within the process of structural deviation and which has the realistic limit which should be preserved. On the contrary, dramatic transfiguration which has been showing in the modern era through surrealism is different in the point that dramatic transfiguration tends to show the deterioration and deviation rather than the preservation of indicated object. From this point, transfiguration coming out from morphing using computer deteriorates and hides the reality and furthermore, it replaces the 'reality'. Moreover, transfiguration is closely approached to the world of fake or 'imaginary' simulation world of Baudrillard. According to Baudrillard, the image hides and deteriorates the reality, and furthermore, expresses 'not existing' to 'imaginary' under the name of transfiguration. Certain reality, that is, image which is absent from the reality is created and overflowed, so that it finally replaces the reality. This is simulation as it is said by Baudrillard. In turn, Georges Bataille discusses about the image which is produced by digital technology in terms of heterologie. Image of heterologie is the visual signal which is established with the media. Image of media is to have the continuous characteristics of produce, extinction, and transformation, and its clear boundary between images becomes meaningless. The meaning of composition, excess, violation, etc of digital image is explained to heterological study or heteologie suggested as important meaning of Georges Bataille who is a heretic philosopher. As the form and image of mutation shows the shape in accordance with mechanical production, heterologie is introduced as very low materialism (or bas materialisme), in this theory. Heterologie as low materialism which is gradually changing is developing as a different concept and analysis because of the change of time in the late 20s century beside high or low meaning. Including my image, all images non-standardizes and transforms the code. However, reappearance and non-standardization of this code does not seem to be simple. The problem of transformation caused by transfiguration which appears in my digital drawing painting, simulation, heterologie, etc, are the continual problems. Moreover, the subject such as existence of human being, distance from the real life, politics and social problems are being extended to actual research and various expressing work. Especially, individual image world is established by digital painting transfiguration technique, and its change and review start to have the durability. The consciousness of observers who look at the image is changing the subject. Together with theoretical research, researchers are to establish the first step to approach to various image change of digital era painting through transfiguration technique using our realistic and historical image.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.1002-1013
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• 1996

문자 분할은 필기체 문서 서식의 자동 인식 과정에서 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구는 off-line 필기체 한글로부터 문자를 분할하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 한글의 구조적 특성에 기반을 두고 있다. 먼저 투영에 의하여 입력 단어로 부터 분할 을 위한 특징과 연결 화소, 획을 추출한다. 두 번째 단계에서 획의 모양과 위치, 획과 획과의 관계를 이용하여 한글의 기본 자소 클래스 영역을 찾는다. 세 번째 단계는 분할 과정으로 WRC(While Run Column)다음에 초성이나 수평 모음이 오는 경우 이 WRC에서 수직으로 분할하며, 분할된 세그먼트의 길이가 임계값 이상아면 자소 클래 스와 문자의 칼럼에 대한 특징을 이용하여 예상 분할 영역을 찾고, 이 영역에 있는 획을 따라 요철 형태로 분할한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.13-40
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 고객의 정보참여행동 중 대표적 행동유형인 구전과 협조를 중심으로 참여유형의 결정요인과 구전과 협조간의 단계적 행동경로의 관계, 그리고 행동단계의 촉진변수에 대하여 살펴보았다. 구전은 대고객시민행동, 만족, 몰입의 선행요건에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 협조는 구전의 선행요건의 영향을 받기 보다는 구전의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 만족, 몰입 등의 관계적 선행요건이 정보참여행동에 중요한 전제요건이기는 하지만 보다 적극적인 정보참여유형을 결정하진 않았다. 구전과 협조간의 참여수준 이행에 대한 분석은 경쟁모델 비교분석을 통해 구전에서 협조로의 참여수준이행이 확인되었고, 관여는 참여수준을 조절하는 촉진변수의 역할을 하였다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.31-67
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• 1990

One of the first issues which arose in the evolution of air law was the determination of the vertical limits of airspace over private property. In 1959 the UN in its Ad Hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, started to give attention to the question of the meaning of the term "outer space". Discussions in the United Nations regarding the delimitation issue were often divided between those in favour of a functional approach ("functionalists"), and those seeking the delineation of a boundary ("spatialists"). The functionalists, backed initially by both major space powers, which viewed any boundary as possibly restricting their access to space(Whether for peaceful or military purposes), won the first rounds, starting with the 1959 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space which did not consider that the topic called for priority consideration. In 1966, however, the spatialists, were able to place the issue on the agenda of the Outer Sapce Committee pursuant to Resolution 2222 (xxx1). However, the spatialists were not able to present a common position since there existed a variety of propositions for delineation of a boundary. Over the years, the funtionalists have seemed to be losing ground. As the element of location is a decisive factor for the choice of the legal regime to be applied, a purely functional approach to the regulation of activities in the space above the Earth does not offer a solution. It is therefore to be welcomed that there is clear evidence of a growing recognition of the defect inherent to such an approach and that a spatial approach to the problem is gaining support both by a growing number of States as well as by publicists. The search for a solution of the problem of demarcating the two different legal regimes governing the space above the Earth has undoubtedly been facilitated, and a number of countries, among them Argentina, Belgium, France, Italy and Mexico have already advocated the acceptance of the lower boundary of outer space at a height of 100km. The adoption of the principle of sovereignty at that height does not mean that States would not be allowed to take protective measures against space activities above that height which constitute a threat to their security. A parallel can be drawn with the defence of the State's security on the high seas. Measures taken by States in their own protection on the high seas outside the territorial waters-provided that they are proportionate to the danger-are not considered to infringe the principle of international law. The most important issue in this context relates to the problem of a right of passage for space craft through foreign air space in order to reach outer space. In the reports to former ILA Conferences an explanation was given of the reasons why no customary rule of freedom of passage for aircraft through foreign territorial air space could as yet be said to exist. It was suggested, however, that though the essential elements for the creation of a rule of customary international law allowing such passage were still lacking, developments apperaed to point to a steady growth of a feeling of necessity for such a rule. A definite treaty solution of the demarcation problem would require further study which should be carried out by the UN Outer Space Committee in close co-operation with other interested international organizations, including ICAO. If a limit between air space and outer space were established, air space would automatically come under the regime of the Chicago Convention alone. The use of the word "recognize" in Art. I of chicago convention is an acknowledgement of sovereignty over airspace existing as a general principle of law, the binding force of which exists independently of the Convention. Further it is important to note that the Aricle recognizes this sovereignty, as existing for every state, holding it immaterial whether the state is or is not a contracting state. The functional criteria having been created by reference to either the nature of activity or the nature of the space object, the next hurdle would be to provide methods of verification. With regard to the question of international verification the establishment of an International Satelite Monitoring Agency is required. The path towards the successful delimitation of outer space from territorial space is doubtless narrow and stony but the establishment of a precise legal framework, consonant with the basic principles of international law, for the future activities of states in outer space will, it is still believed, remove a source of potentially dangerous conflicts between states, and furthermore afford some safeguard of the rights and interests of non-space powers which otherwise are likely to be eroded by incipient customs based on at present almost complete freedom of action of the space powers.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

4차 산업혁명 기술의 발전으로 가상과 현실의 경계가 모호한 디지털 환경 속에서 MZ세대와 메타버스가 가장 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 이러한 MZ세대에 부합되는 교수학습 방식으로 메타버스가 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 에듀테크 관점에서 언론사 뉴스 분석을 통해 메타버스 플랫폼 중의 하나인 게더타운의 활성화 요인을 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국언론재단에서 제공하는 빅카인즈 시스템을 이용하여 빅데이터 관점에서 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 COVID-19 팬데믹 이후에 나타날 미래교육에서 '게더타운'의 활용도는 크게 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 둘째, 연관어와 워드크라우드 분석에서, '비대면'이나 '대학' 그리고 '신입생' 등 교육 관련 용어들의 가중치가 비교적 높게 나타났으며, '메타버스', '메타버스 플랫폼'을 포함하여, '코로나19'나 '아바타' 등의 용어도 중심적인 위치에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 네트워크 분석에서 도출된 주요 용어로는 '코로나19, 아바타, 대학생, 진로, 유튜브' 가 포함되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 여건 하에서, 본 연구 결과는 메타버스 플랫폼의 하나인 게더타운의 향후 교육 영역에서의 활용이 보다 활성화 되는데 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2012

본 연구는 다문화가정 이주여성의 운율구 경계짓기와 억양패턴에 대한 음향학적인 분석을 통하여 이주여성대상 한국어교육 프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 대부분의 운율 특성에서 이주집단이 한국집단과 차이를 보였다. 한국집단은 첫 어절을 100% 강세구로 읽은 반면, 이주집단은 거의 억양구로 실현하였으며 이주여성들은 첫 분절음에 따라 달라지는 강세구의 첫 음조의 패턴 습득이 아직 제대로 이루어지지 않아 한국집단보다 훨씬 다양한 첫 어절의 억양패턴들을 보였다. 몇몇 운율 특성에서는 이주집단 간에도 차이를 보였으며 한국에서의 거주기간이 상대적으로 긴 필리핀집단이 베트남집단에 비해 상대적으로 한국집단에 가까운 특성을 보였다. 문장 내 평균 억양구수는 베트남집단이 필리핀집단보다 많았으며 가부의문문의 문미 경계음조는 필리핀집단은 한국집단처럼 'H%'로만 실현한 반면, 베트남집단은 'H%'뿐만 아니라 'HL%'로도 실현하였다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-52
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• 2014

This paper proposes a unified structural account of some instances of the English Modals and Semi-auxiliaries. The classification and the syntactic/structural description of the English Modal auxiliary verbs and verb-related elements have long been the center for many proposals in the history of generative syntax. According to van Gelderen (1993) and Lightfoot (2002), it was sometime around 1380 that the Tense-node (T) appeared in the phrasal structures of the English language, and the T-node is under which the English Modal auxiliaries occupy. Closely related is the existing evidence that English Modals were used as main verbs up to the early sixteenth century (Lightfoot 1991, Han 2000). This paper argues for a bi-clausal approach to English Modal auxiliaries with the infinitival particle 'to' such as 'ought to' 'used to' and 'dare (to)' 'need (to)', etc. and Semi-auxiliaries including 'be to' and 'have to'. More specifically, 'ought' in 'ought to' constructions, for instance, undergoes V-to-T movement within the matrix clause, just like 'HAVEAux' and all instances of 'BE', whereas 'to' occupies the T position of the embedded complement clause. By proposing the bi-clausal account, Radford's (2004, 2009) problems can be solved. Further, the historical motivation for the account takes a stance along with Norde (2009) and Brinton & Traugott (2005) in that Radford's (2004, 2009) syncretization of the two positions of the infinitival particle 'to' is no different from the 'boundary loss' in the process of Grammariticalization. This line of argument supports Krug's (2011), and in turn Bolinger's(1980) generalization on Auxiliaryhood, while providing a novel insight into Head movement of V-to-T in Present Day English.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2012

본 연구는 문화산업의 영역 중에서 급속 성장으로 주목을 받고 있는 공연예술로서의 무용에서 설화가 어떻게 수용되어 새로운 작품으로 형상화되고 있는지 그 양상을 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이에 우리나라 고대 설화인 바리데기, 춘향설화, 연오랑세오녀를 중심으로 최근에 스토리텔링을 기반으로 창작되었던 주요 공연 사례를 분석하였다. 설화 속 이야기를 무용에 수용했을 때 유구한 구전에 의한 창작의 생명력과 각 설화에 담긴 풍부한 내용, 해석의 다양성은 기존의 시각을 바탕으로 새로운 해석의 가능성을 보여준다. 그 수용 방식은 크게 주제의 서사기법의 다양화, 도덕적 가치문제의 제재화, 전통과 민족의식의 수용으로 나타났다. 우주와 인간에 대한 근원적 관심을 만족시키고 가장 세계적이면서도 한국적인 무용콘텐츠를 창조하기 위해 설화가 지니는 이미지들은 시간을 초월하여 새로운 차원으로 재해석되고 있다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.148-161
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• 2015

자동차 시장의 성장과 함께 차량에 카메라가 사용되는 사례가 늘고 있으며 영상 처리 기술의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 또한, 차량 전장 시스템 기술 역시 급속도로 성장을 하고 있으며, 특히 차선이탈경보시스템(Lane Departure Warning System, LDWS)과 관련된 기술들이 다방면으로 개발 중이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 방법보다 더 높은 차선 인식률을 검출하기 위해 촬영된 영상에서 먼저 Normalized Luminance Descriptor와 Normalized Contrast Descriptor값을 각각 연산하여, 두 값의 상관관계를 통해 Normalized Image Quality값을 조절하여 영상의 감마값을 조절한다. 그 뒤 다중의 관심영역을 통해 다중 영역에서 선택적 허프변환 알고리즘을 통한 차선 검출 알고리즘을 적용하여 차량 전방의 차선을 인식한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 평균 27 Frame/sec와 $640{\times}480$ 해상도에서 검증 과정을 가졌다. 결과적으로 주 야간 및 심야를 포함한 도로들에서 평균 97% 이상의 차선 인식률을 보였으며 커브구간이나 차도 내 표식이 많은 구간에서도 성공적인 차선 인식을 보인다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 1982

A physician assumes toward his patient the obligation to use such reasonable care and skill as is commonly possessed and exercised by physicians in the same general line of practice in the same or similar localities and to use his best judgment at the times. Medical disputes between physicians and patients are, ever more increased in these days as human body, happens to cause a variety of changes in body unlike the function of machine. Such increased trends of medical disputes became a problem in common across the word under the influence of affluent living standard, high consciousness of life value and right by today's people. The aim of this dissertation is oriented to forming a physician's responsibilities in medicalcare accidents arising between physicians and patients. A general physician, for example, has not been negligent merely because, a specialist might have treated the patient with greater skill and knowledge. However, the fact that a physician may have acted to the best of his ability will not avoid legal problems for damages resulting from substandard treatment, that is the degree of care and skill which is to be expected of the ordinary practitioner in his field of practice. The duty of a physician who is, or holds himself out to be, a specialist is greater in the field of his specialty than one who is a general physician. A patient's consent to routine medical procedures is implied from the fact that patient comes to the physician with a medical problem and voluntarily submits to the procedures. For the more serious medical procedures and for major operations, however, it is preferable for the physician to have the patient's consent in writing, to facilitate proof of the consent in the event of a dispute or litigation. Suppose that mistakes on the part of physicians are likely to be blamed in all cases of malpractice. Then it will create a sort of shrinkage in activities of medical treatment. There should be some limitation on excessive application of 'The thing speaks for itself' on mistakes by physicians and availablity of cause and effect. It is a matter of complicity as well as a matter of importance to draw a definite boundary on responsibilities of physician. A series of further research on this particular aspect is strongly urged.