• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.327-337
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• 1999

Primitive men's primordial formative activity derives from incarnation contained in intensive vitality and strong creativity mind. The trend of modern fashion requiring the boundless imagination can be called that it, just, itself, has something in common with basic spiritual activity that primitive men had. What is concerning how modern fashion designers have developed formative language through enchanting primitive art is as follows. 1. The nature's mysterious power appears to be transformed into personified image. The incarnation for acquiring beauty, power, prestige of genius appears in the form of personification, making use of mask in modern fashion. 2. As for primitive men, the whole universe has a potentiality as a symbol. The symbolism of primitive art based on religion and myth appears in modern art as the form of presenting oppositional objects together in one space. 3. Primitive art is the purest form and the most unpolluted. This shows the natural quality being assimilated into nature, which is expressed in modern fashion as intensity, free-spirit, simplicity, etc. 4. The primitive men's anxiety to the outside world appears as impulse. The geometrical form of primitive art occurred in the shape of impulse appears in expressional form of modern fashion. 5. The real existence in primitive art inducing real materials and objects, in themselves, into formative world appears in modern art in the way of expression such as repetition, enlargement, exact reproduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.227-237
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the main characteristics of the environmentalism expressed in contemporary fashion. i.e. 'eco-look'. They can be categorized into naturalism symbolism primitiveness and concern about recycling. First naturalistic tendency can be found in through the method of some contemporary eco-looks which are using natural colors harmonisation of the colors in similarity and in controst and expressing in a realistic manner some natural entities or use some ornaments representing them. Such trends easily let people to feel the clothes unified with the nature and human beings. Secondly some contemporary eco-looks express environmentalistic ideas for examples the idea for protection of the nature or the idea against pollution of the earth and destruction of nature in a symbolistic way. Thirdly primitiveness is one of the most characteristic feature in contemporary eco-looks. It can be found in contemporary eco-looks, In can be found in some eco-looks using primitive or original images of Africa and underdeveloped countries. it reflects the human desire to go back to the nature or to the unity with the nature, Finally recycled materials are commonly used in eco-look. Patchwork and handmade knits are popular methods for this mode. They implicates the idea of pragmatism and simplicity in fashion. One Conclusion of the paper on eco-look: fashion design which can be itself an import-ant environment of human beings Secondly some contemporary eco-looks ex-press environmentalistic ideas for examples the idea for protection of the nature or the idea against pollution of the earth and destruction of nature in a symbolistic way. Thirdly primitiveness is one of the most characteristic feature in contemporary eco-looks. It can be found in some eco-looks using primitive or original images of Africa and underdeveloped countries. it reflects the human desire to go back to the nature or to the unity with the nature. Finally recycled materials are commonly used In eco-look Patchwork and handmade knits are popular methods for this mode. They implicates the idea of pragmatism and simplicity in fashion. One Conclusion of the paper on eco-look ; fashion design which can be itself an import-ant environment of human beings has become a very efficient and significant tool to express the idea of ecology.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

The scaffold serves as 3D substrate for the cells adhesion and mechanical support for the newly grown tissue by maintaining the 3D structure for the regeneration of tissue and organ. In this paper, we proposed integrated scaffold fabrication system using multi-axis rapid prototyping (RP) technology. It can fabricate various types of scaffolds: arbitrary sculptured shape, primitive shape, and tube shape scaffolds by layered dispensing biocompatible/ biodegradable polymer strands in designated patterns. In order to fabricate the 3D scaffold, we need to generate the plotting path way for the scaffold fabrication system. We design a data processing program - scaffold plotting software, which can convert the 3D STL file, primitive and tube model images into the NC code for the system. Finally, we fabricated the customized 3D scaffolds with high accuracy using the plotting software and the fabrication system.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.112-127
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• 2010

Primitivism is a concept that expresses and organizes natural feelings of human beings which is hard to be identified by a rigid definition. It means "staying in the beginning or the initial state, not evolving or developing, and not affected by human beings from the intact natural state". Based on this meaning, the artistic style features inherent natural beauties, as well as plain and inornate design. These features have been reflected in a variety of art pieces. The aesthetic features shown in the primitivism art pieces can be categorized into four different aspects: naturalness, folksiness, sentimentality, and humorousness. These features, influencing modern fashion, have been reinvented by a number of fashion designers. They also adopted ideas from the fancy clothes and ornaments created in carefree life style of the regions retaining their primitive cultures, such as Africa, Oceania, and Pacific coasts, and applied those ideas to various silhouette, colors, patterns, and textiles. Particularly as for textile expressions, they tried printing techniques using the patterns motivated from primitive folk symbols or the nature, applied objet of primitive materials and elaborated ornaments that represent folk and primitive feelings, and employed the primitive techniques such as knotting, crude cutting, or natural draping, to reinvent them as textile expressions in modern fashion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the form of composition and principle of reduction in architectural composition. Theorical category is to find reduction system with the connection between idea of society and tradition in compositional frame. The results were as follows : First, it is appeared the mimesis of style. The mimesis of style is differentiated characteristics between Greek Style or Roman Style and Gothic Revival or Renaissance Revival. Second, it is the reduction of primitive of form. It si divided with mimesis of nature and reduction of primitive hut. Like Laugier the former find the architectural prototype, the latter is convinced of simplicity, purity of nature with us.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.3
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• pp.145-177
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• 2001

The artist's interest has been captivated by ecological phenomena in Nature. Her keen captivation has then been focused into plastic art depicting the image of primitive life. The wide sweep of her work encompasses the totality of nature which consists of the human's subconscious power and imagination which she then portrays by organic images. These organic images are in contrast to scientific, mathematical and logical inference and consciousness. This research examines the character of the organic images in modern art by her analysis of some representative works by others. The image is an essential concept in the art which appeared in very different ways and in different perspectives. The image in the artwork appears to be the realistic expression until the early part of the 20th Century. Well into the 20th Century, it began being expressed in various ways such as combined images by imagination which is combined or rejected in the story of artwork. It also began being expressed by transferred images by changed original conditions. It is the main purpose of this research is to study of various expressions of organic images in the artwork of the Post-Modernism era. The character and meaning of organic image painting helps people to approach the human instinct more easily to find out the natural essence. It is also an objective of the organic image to tenderise our human sensibilities, thus helping us to regain vitality and recover our poor humanity in the barren wilderness of modern society. 'Life communion with nature' is a meeting point and common ground for Oriental Philosophy and organic image painting. Through this research, organic image painting is characterised in the four following ways : 1st) Organic image painting seeks regularity and perfection of outer shapes, in contrast to disordered and deformed nature, resulting in organic and biotic formalistic mode of plastic art. 2nd) Organic image painting seeks the formative. 3rd) Organic image painting pursues the priceless dignity of life by researching the formatted arrangement and figure, which contains primitive power of life. 4th) Organic image painting makes crystal clear the power of human and nature, which is a historic and biological phenomenon. This, in turn, exposes the humanistic view of the world from modern society best characterised in lost self-understanding, isolation and materialism. The representative organic image painting artists are Elizabeth Murray, Kusama Yayoi, and Niki do Saint Phalle. Elizabeth Murray used shaped canvas and a round construction of relief works. Kusama Yayoi used Automatistic expressionism originating from the realms of unconsciousness and which is represented by the mass and shape of a water drop. Niki do Saint Phalle shows the transcendence of universal life and anti-life to respect the dignity of life and the eco-friendliness relationship of human and nature in the post-modernism in art history. This is accomplished by surrealistic, symbolic, fantastic and humoristic expression. These three artists' works express the spirit of the organic image in contemporary art. It contains the stream of nature and life to seek not only the state of materialism in the reality, but also the harmonized world of nature and human which has almost lost the important meaning in modern times. Finally, this organic image is the plastic language of the majestic life. It is the romantic idea that the intimacy of nature and the universe and Surrealism, which emphasizes the unconsciousness , is the source of truth and spirit. Also it is influenced by primitive art and abstract art. According to this research, the subject 'Research About Organic Images' is not only an important element in the plastic arts from primitive society to the present, but is also fundamental to an true understanding of Post-Modernism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify different sub-segments of tourism market in Cheju island based on fashion image of clothing souvenir and 2) to provide manufactures with useful information for developing cultural fashion goods related to Cheju island. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 192 female tourist(20-59 years old) in Cheju and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and $\chi$$^2$-test. Six factors of fashion image were found image were found and labeled as: Sexy/feminine, wild/mannish, easy/simple, Cheju, ecology, natural image. Four factors of benefit sought were also identified: Practicality/economic-value, fashionability/preference of design, reputation and souvenir-value. Three groups were identified based on fashion image sought: Image of primitive nature(G1: 37.7%), image of nature in the city(G2: 20.1%), sexy/feminine image(G3: 42.2%). There were significant differences among sub-groups in age, fashion innovation, benefit sought and intention of buying Gal-ot. Younger females(20-30 ages) were included more in group 1 than group 2 while older females(40-50 ages) were included more in group 2. Group 1 had a higher score of fashion innovation comparing group 3. Group 1 had the highest scores on practicality/economic-value and souvenir-value. However, group 2 placed the highest importance on reputation as well as practicality/economic-value and group 3 had the lowest scores on all types of benefit. Group 1 and group 2 had intention of buying Gal-ot more than group 1. Based on the results of this study, manufactures may implement target marketing strategies on group 1 which sought the image of primitive nature and group 2 which sought the image of nature in the city.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.66-79
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• 2014

Unlike other body arts, body painting illuminates the value of art using eco-friendly formative activity and natural environment and highlights the need of eco-friendly activity. However, although body painting has focused on forming right relationship between human beings and nature, there are few researches which are linked with nature art. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to argue the need to study body painting as nature art in connection with natural environment and analyze body painting according to nature art types. The study methods included both theoretical review and empirical review. The theoretical review examined the concept and characteristics of nature art through previous researches and literature and the empirical review looked into the types and works of nature art and applied them to body painting works. The results were as follows. First, an installation type was possible by arranging and attaching certain materials to the body. Second, a physical type was possible by representing body itself as the part of nature. Third, a symbolic type was possible by making body appearance as a some symbol based on artist's idea. Fourth, a sound type was possible by stimulating auditory hallucination using the nature of objects and sensing a sound. Fifth, an ecological type was possible by conveying the message of living things in nature to the body. Sixth, an interior type was possible by inducing indoor installation of works. Seventh, a poetic type was possible by making one feel a poetic inspiration expressed in nature using the mystery of the sea and a simple sequential pattern of floral leaves. Eighth, a drawing type was possible by adding artist's intentional hand with a pictorical technique. Ninth, a indigenous type was possible by reproducing South American indian's primitive style. The review of this study suggests that body painting works have been expressed in experimental and temporary arrangement like nature art in nature and can be applied according to nine types of nature art.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2015

Interior designer Sugimoto Takashi uses salvaged material and natural thing for aesthetical purpose. These material performs not just as fun stuff but as design tool in order to set up cultural meaning which modern society always lacks for. The method of communicating the meaning is the multi-layered trace on them. There are three types of trace. They are harsh texture of surface, untrimmed outline, and gathering & arrangement. Through these formation methods of trace, Sugimoto can suggest various curtural meanings such as vanishing value of old-fashioned lifestyle, primitive energy of nature, and sincere touch of somebody. As a result, the trace in Sugimoto's design is an endeavor to exist tradition(the long ago) and nature(the far away) in here-and-now interior space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.169-179
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• 2010

Since modernization period thru Japanese colonial era the modern architect began to play a important role for Korean housing architecture. So called 'House as an Art Work', detached houses by prominent architects, belong to a meaningful sector in Korean modern housing architecture. The harmony with tradition was always big issue for such works. This study aims to understand how paradigms for tradition were interpreted with the changes of the time. The analysis showed various tryout by architects, that concretize traditional characteristics in their work. For example, traditional lifestyle were clearly reflected in the floorplan during 30's and 40's. In the 70's building mass and formative roof design were emphasized to present traditional image. As well as it represented primitive esthetic and vernacular decoration. In addition, expressive tendency, that demonstrates korean sentiment through material and its texture, got a preference. Since latter half of 80's some traditional architectural elements were modernized and space characteristics were newly created from acculturation. Furthermore the philosophy of "Subdivision of building wings and Emptiness" follows this trend. This type made a courtyard and connected articulated building masses each other. "Sympathy with Nature" were most essential for a traditional houses in contrast with western architecture. Many architects today make various method to bring nature into interior space and to contemplate nature In the house. Such kinds of adaptation to tradition could be understood as a unique process to manifest identity of Korean modern houses.