• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

Commercial banks have a significant impact on the economy of Vietnam because they provide the majority of transactional capital. Therefore, the operational efficiency of commercial banks is a viral topic for the study of the Vietnamese banking system. The research aims to examine the efficiency and inefficiency of joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 and then classify them into the efficient group and inefficient group. The study employs the time series data of 29 joint-stock commercial banks during the period 2016-2020. Based on the data collected from the annual audited financial statements of 29 Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks, the authors select input and output variables for the standard DEA models and anti-efficient DEA models. This research uses two stages, first, by applying the standard DEA model, we investigate the efficient banks; second, by employing the anti-efficient DEA model, we find out the inefficient banks. The results reveal that the average efficiency score of 29 joint-stock commercial banks tends to increase in the period 2016-2018 and decrease gradually in the period 2019-2020. The findings of this study suggest that several small and medium-sized banks in the Vietnamese banking sector have both promising and risky performances and the efficiency of state-owned commercial banks has also improved significantly during the study period.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.431-444
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• 2023

Purpose - This study applies the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model from industrial organization theory to investigate the relationship between market structure and performance in China's banking industry. Design/methodology/approach - For analysis, financial data from the People's Bank of China's "China Financial Stability Report" and financial reports of 6 state-owned banks and 11 joint-stock banks for the period 2010 to 2021 were collected to create a balanced panel dataset. The study employs panel fixed-effects regression analysis to assess the impact of changes in market structure and ownership structure on performance variables including return on asset, profitability, costs, and non-performing loan ratios. Findings - Empirical findings highlight significant differences in the effects of market structure between state-owned and joint-stock banks. Notably, increased market competition positively correlates with higher profits for state-owned banks and with lower costs for joint-stock banks. Research implications or Originality - State-owned banks demonstrate larger scale and stability, yet they struggle to respond effectively to market shifts. Conversely, joint-stock banks face challenges in raising profitability against competitive pressures. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance for Chinese banks to strengthen risk management due to the increase of non-performing loans with competition. The results provide insights into reform policies for Chinese banks regarding the involvement of private sector in the context of market liberalization process in China.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2013

Alloplastic total replacement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was developed in recent decades. In some conditions, previous studies suggested the rationale behind alloplastic TMJ replacement rather than reconstruction with autogenous grafts. Currently, three prosthetic products are available and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Among these products, customized prostheses are manufactured, via computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system for customized design; stock-type prostheses are provided in various sizes and shapes. In this report, two patients (a 50-year-old female who had undergone condylectomy for the treatment of osteochondroma extending to the cranial base on the left condyle, and a 21-year-old male diagnosed with left temporomandibular ankylosis) were treated using the alloplastic total replacement of TMJ using stock prosthesis. The follow-up results of a favorable one-year, short-term therapeutic outcome were obtained for the alloplastic total TMJ replacement using a stock-type prosthesis.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2012

This paper considers a manufacturer with a two-station make-to-stock and make-to-order serial production system. The MTS facility produces a single type of component and provides components for the MTO facility that produces customized products. In addition to the internal demand from the MTO facility, the MTS facility faces demands from the spot market with the option of to accept or reject each incoming demand. This paper addresses a joint component inventory rationing and batch production control which maximizes the manufacturer's profit. Using the Markov decision process model, we investigate the structural properties of the optimal inventory rationing and batch production policy, and present two types of heuristics. We implement a numerical experiment to compare the performance of the optimal and heuristic policies and a simulation study to examine the impact of the stochastic process variability on the inventory rationing and batch production control.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.785-794
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• 2002

자동 주식 거래 시스템은 시장 추세의 예측, 투자 종목의 선정, 거래 전략 등 매우 다양한 최적화 문제를 통합적으로 해결할 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 기존의 감독 학습 기법에 기반한 거래 시스템들은 이러한 최적화 요소들의 효과적인 결합에는 큰 비중을 두지 않았으며, 이로 인해 시스템의 궁극적인 성능에 한계를 보인다. 이 논문은 주가의 변동 과정이 마르코프 의사결정 프로세스(MDP: Markov Decision Process)라는 가정 하에, 강화 학습에 기반한 자동 주식 거래 시스템인 R-Trader를 제안한다. 강화 학습은 예측과 거래 전략의 통합적 학습에 적합한 학습 방법이다. R-Trader는 널리 알려진 두 가지 강화 학습 알고리즘인 TB(Temporal-difference)와 Q 알고리즘을 사용하여 종목 선정과 기타 거래 인자의 최적화를 수행한다. 또한 기술 분석에 기반하여 시스템의 입력 속성을 설계하며, 가치도 함수의 근사를 위해 인공 신경망을 사용한다. 한국 주식 시장의 데이타를 사용한 실험을 통해 제안된 시스템이 시장 평균을 초과하는 수익을 달성할 수 있고, 수익률과 위험 관리의 두 가지 측면 모두에서 감독 학습에 기반한 거래 시스템에 비해 우수한 성능 보임을 확인한다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.129-132
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• 2005

Recently, Domestic construction industry is confronted with a new phase by increasement of stock and elation of the concern about environment. In particular, the focus on remodeling as an altanative of the reconstruction system that squanders resources and creates massive construction waste, has increased. However, current remodeling methods are being obstructed factor, because design has not considered the remodeling at the beginning of the construction. The purpose of this study is to search for the improvement of component joint for efficient remodeling. Field survey is conducted on the components grouped by spaces(living room/bed room/kitchen/bathroom) of unit living at 6 construction sites in Seoul & countries. As a result, total 228 component joints are selected and classified according to interface condition and problem pattern.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

Electric railroad systems consist of rolling stock, track, signal and catenary system. In the catenary system, one of the most important factors is the impedance according to the design and characteristic. Before the catenary system is designed, the impedance should be precedently researched. The railroad catenary system is complex system which is composed by five conductors. The five conductors classify up and down feeders, up and down contact wire group, rail group. Therefore, we should compose the catenary system of the equivalent five-conductors model. In this paper, we suggest a geometrical model and a equivalent conductor model by using geometric mean radius of five conductors in the catenary system. Also, we calculate demanded parameter values in the model. By using those, line constants of five conductors are analyzed by applying the equivalent method called as the condensed joint matrix.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권32호
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• pp.281-296
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• 1994

In this paper, a new index(joint index) which shows the higher confidence than that of the existing technical indices and has simple logical structure and an index which is an applied form of the existing index(OBV-I index) are proposed. The index characteristics which have been known are verified by choosing the three most used technical indices(ADR index, investment psychological rate and VR index) as samples. And the index characteristics of the joint index are compared to those of the OBV-I index. The comparisons are executed not by comparing the investment earning rate of each index but by calculating the unnecessary number of trade days in the total number of trade days according to the index.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2021

The paper reviews various classifications and surgical techniques for the treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using a combination of keywords. Articles related to classification, resection-reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint, and management of airway obstruction were considered and categorized based on the objectives. Seventy-nine articles were selected, which included randomized clinical trials, non-randomized controlled cohort studies, and case series. Though several classifications exist, most classifications are centered on the radiographic extent of the ankylotic mass and do not include the clinical and functional parameters. Hence there is a need for a comprehensive staging system that takes into consideration the age of the patient, severity of the disease, clinical, functional, and radiographic findings. Staging the disease will help the clinician to adopt a holistic approach in treating these patients. Interpositional arthroplasty (IA) results in better maximal incisal opening compared with gap arthroplasty, with no significant difference in recurrent rates. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is emerging as a popular technique for the restoration of symmetry and function as well as for relieving airway obstruction. IA, with a costochondral graft, is recommended in growing patients and may be combined with or preceded by DO in cases of severe airway obstruction. Alloplastic total joint replacement combined with fat grafts and simultaneous osteotomy procedures are gaining popularity. A custom-made total joint prosthesis using CAD/CAM can efficiently overcome the shortcomings of stock prostheses.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.558-576
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• 1996

1978년 이후 중국은 농촌지역의 개혁을 통해 개혁. 개방이 시작되었다. 인민공사의 집체경제 체제에서, 농가를 단위로 하는 '가정연산승포제'로 변화하여 노동 의욕이 고취되고 생산성의 증가를 이루었다. 하지만 1980년대 이후 생산의욕 유인 효과가 줄어들고, 보다 확대된 시장 메카니즘에 적합하지 못한 토지이용 방식으로 농업생산의 정체와 노동력의 비농업으로의 이전 과정을 겪었다. 이에 농가의 수요에 맞춘 새로운 토지제도가 필요하게 되어, 流轉의 확대, 토지의 생활보호 기능과 상업적 기능을 동시에 만족시키는 兩田制, 토지의 분산성을 극복하여 토지 생산의 능률을 높이려는 規模經營, 토지 소유관계의 불명확성을 극복하려는 股役合作制(주식제), 열등한 토지의 개간과 이용을 위한 '四荒' 경매 등의 제도가 시행되었다. 이러한 정책은 중국의 전반적인 시장경제의 도입으로 인한 농촌지역의 적응과정으로 이해할 수 있다. 그 시행으로 급격한 변화를 피하면서도 기존의 모순을 해결할 수 있었으며, 특히 지역적 차이에 따라 정책은 상이하게 전개된 것이 특징이다.