• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2011

The object of this experimental study is to investigate influences of vibrator amplitude on clamping force in vibration for bolted joint. The experiment is that change the vibrator amplitude to check clamping force. also the friction coefficient calculated by equation to use an obtained in experiments. The main purpose of generation vibrations is decreasing the clamping force dispersion. also If vibration occurs while tightening the bolt is reduced coefficient of friction. In this paper, In experiments to measure the clamping force before vibrator's amplitude changing. Vibrator's amplitude changes to 5.5mm from 4.4mm. As a result, under various vibration condition, relationship of clamping force and Vibrator amplitude.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.111-114
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• 1996

Hydrogen generation by dissociation of water is described. The major force for the dissociation comes from the oxidation potential of the reactive metal reacting with water whereas the minor role is played by electrical discharge which helps sustain the reaction. A premixed reactive metal/water system undergoes a fast hydrogen generation upon the ignition by an electrical pulse. In another method the reactive metal can be fed into the discharge. Some characteristics of the methods are discussed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 특별세미나,특별/일반세션
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• pp.225-230
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• 2009

From the view point of railway vehicle dynamics, the interaction between wheel and rail have an huge effect on the behavior of the vehicle. This phenomenon is an unique motion, only for railway vehicles. Furthermore, close investigation of the backgrounds of the interaction is the key to estimate the dynamic behavior of the vehicle, successfully. To evaluate the model including flexible bodies such as car body and catenary system of the next generation express train, it is necessary to develop proper dynamic solver including a wheel rail contact module. In this study, wheel-rail contact module is developed using the general purpose dynamic solver. First of all, the procedure for calculation of the wheel-rail contact force has been established. Generally, yaw angle of the wheelset is ignored. Sets of information are summarized as tables and splined for further uses. With this information, normal force and creep coefficient can be extracted and used for FASTSIM algorithm, which has been shown good reliability over years. Normal force and longitudinal, lateral force at the contact surface are also calculated. Those data are verified by commercial railway simulation program 'VAMPIRE'. This procedure and program can offer a basic process for estimation of the dynamic behavior and wear of the wheel-rail system, even while running on the curved rail. Finally, multi-dimensional inspection tool will be developed including the prediction of the derailment.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.943-954
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• 1997

교정적인 치아이동에 필요한 힘들은 orthodontic wire나 여러 가지 elastic rubber등으로 얻을 수 있다. 이중 교정용 elastic rubber는 환경 변화, 시간 경과, 신장(stretch) 정도에 따라 영구 변형과 힘의 소실(force decay)이 다양하게 나타나므로 적용된 힘을 예측하기 힘든 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 임상에서 널리 사용되는 3가지 종류 (Ormco : Generation II Power Chains ; brand A, RMO : Energy-Chain ; brand B, Unitek : AlastiK ; brand C)의 교정용 합성고무탄성재를 실험 환경, 초기 힘의 크기, 고무탄성재의 형태 그리고 신장속도를 달리한 뒤 시간에 따른 잔존 힘의 변화를 비교하였으며, 종류에 따른 특징적인 물리적 성질에 대하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 세 종류 모두에서 상온의 공기에 보관된 경우 잔존 힘의 비율이 가장 컸으며 물과 타액 간에는 차이가 없었다. 2. 세 종류 모두에서 24시간 이후로는 초기 힘의 크기에 따른 잔존 힘의 비율에 차이가 없었다. 3. A, B는 filament 유무에 따른 잔존 힘의 비율에 차이가 없었으나 C에서는 filament가 있는 경우 힘의 소실이 더 많았다. 4. 신장속도를 달리하여도 잔존 힘의 비율에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. B는 각각의 실험조건에서 A, C보다 상대적으로 잔존 힘의 비율이 높았다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2005

A windheat generation system with a Savonius windturbine was developed and the performance was evaluated through field tests. The system consisted of a heat generation drum, heat exchanger, water storage tank, and two circulation pumps. Frictional heat is created by rotation of a rotor inside the drum containing thermo oil, and was used to heat water. In order to estimate the capacity of this windheat generation system, weather data was collected for one year at the site near the windheat generation system. Wind Power from the savonius wind turbine mill was transmitted to the heat generation system with an one-to-three gear system. Starting force to rotate the savonius wind turbine and the whole system including the windheat generation system were 1.0 and 2.5 kg, respectively. Under the outdoor wind condition, maximum speed of the rotor in the drum was 75rpm at wind speed 6.5 m/sec, which was not fast enough to produce heat for greenhouse heating. Annual cumulative hours for wind speeds greater than 5 m/sec at height of 10, 20, 30 m were 190, 300 and 1020 hrs, respectively. A $5^{\circ}C$ increase in water temperature was achieved by the windheat generation system under the tested wind environment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.98.1-98
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• 2001

An actuator using a permanent magnet and solenoid is proposed and designed in this paper. Its design concept is composed of a driving force generation, a guide mechanism, and a symmetric structure. At first, Driving Force generation uses a concept that is a change efflux by using a permanent magnet and solenoid. A permanent flux is generated by a permanent magnet. Changeable flux is created by a variable current flowing through coil such the solenoid. The direction of this flux is changed due to current flowing through coils. The combination of permanent and changeable fluxes make various flux densities between yokes of moving part and fixed yokes. And then, the flux densities create forces(F), which are used to drive this actuator, in lower and upper gap. In this actuator ...

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.2723-2731
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• 2000

Ultrasonic motors(USM) has been emerging as one type actuators, which possess many advantages such as high torque, low weight, compact size and no magnetic field generation. In spite of these features, there are several problems to be solved, which are temperature rise in case of long term operation, non -linearity, and hysteresis. Among these, hysteresis cause the most serious problem in force/torque control applications. To cope with this paper we propose a new PWM driving method which can be applied to force/torque control applications. To cope with this problem, in this paper we propose a new PWM driving method which can applied to force/torque control of USM. To verify the proposed method, an experimental setup was built and several experiments were performed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.275-276
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• 2006

An intelligent arm-wrestling system is recently developed in our laboratory that is comprised of an arm-force generation mechanism and a control system that detects the maximum arm-force of a user in the early stage of the match, generates a different game scenario each time, and executes force feedback control to implement the scenario. This paper presents the mathematical model of the force control system of the intelligent arm-wrestling system, and some improvements of it via experimental frequency responses using a control signal analyzer.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.159-163
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• 2009

In this paper, the fluid dynamic forces and performances of a moving airfoil in the low Reynolds number flow is addressed. In order to calculate the necessary propulsive force for the moving airfoil in a low Reynolds number flow, a lattice-Boltzmann method is used. The critical Reynolds and Strouhal numbers for the thrust generation are investigated for the four propulsion types. It was found that the Normal P&D type produces the largest thrust with highest efficiency among the investigated types. The leading edge of the airfoil has an effect of deciding the force production types, whereas the trailing edge of the airfoil plays an important role in augmenting or reducing the instability produced by the leading edge oscillation. It is believed that present results can be used to decide the optimal propulsion devices for the given Reynolds number flow.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

A supersonic viscous flow over a five-degree half-angle cone is studied computationally with three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Steady asymmetric solutions show that the asymmetric flow separation is caused by convective instability. The effects of angle of attacks, Reynolds numbers, and Mach numbers have been investigated and it is found that those factors affect the generation of the side force. The side force has the maximum value at ${\alpha}=22^{\circ}$, while over ${\alpha}=22^{\circ}$, asymmetric vortex becomes transient, which results in the unsteady shedding. At the angle of attack of 22 degrees, the side force increases with Reynolds number and decreases with Mach number. The increase of the side force stops over the critical Reynolds number for the present configuration.