• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2020

In this study, the vibration signal of the mold was measured and analyzed to monitoring the process time and characteristics during injection molding. A 5 inch light guide plate mold was used to injection molding and the vibration signal was measured by MPU6050 acceleration sensor module attached the surface of fixed mold base. Conditions except for injection speed and packing pressure were set to the same value and the change of the vibration signal of the mold according to injection speed and packing pressure was analyzed. As a result, the vibration signal had a large change at three points: "Injection start", "V/P switchover", and "Packing end". The time difference between "injection start" and "V/P switchover" means the injection time in the injection molding process, and the time difference between "V/P switchover" and "Packing end" means the packing time. When the injection time and packing time obtained from the vibration signal of the mold are compared with the time recorded in the injection molding machine, the error of the injection time was 2.19±0.69% and the error of the packing time was 1.39±0.83%, which was the same level as the actual value. Additionally, the amplitude at the time of "injection start" increased as the injection speed increased. In "V/P switchover", the amplitude tended to be proportional to the pressure difference between the maximum injection pressure and the packing pressure and the amplitude at the "packing end" tended to the pressure difference between the packing pressure and the back pressure. Therefore, based on the result of this study, the injection time and packing time of each cycle can be monitored by measuring the vibration signal of the mold. Also, it was confirmed that the level and trend of process variables such as the injection speed, maximum injection pressure, and packing pressure can be evaluated as the change of the mold vibration during injection molding.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-102
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 초등 영재교육원에서 방학 기간 중에 운영하는 수학 영재캠프 프로그램을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울특별시교육청 산하 11개 초등 영재교육원 중 권역별로 안배하여 선정한 7개 초등 영재교육원에서 2008년도에 실시한 영재캠프 프로그램을 목표, 내용, 평가 항목에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 영재캠프 프로그램의 목표는 지적인 측면보다는 정의적 측면에 중점을 두고 있었다. 둘째, 영재캠프 프로그램의 내용을 분석항목과 지표에 따라 분석한 결과 캠프 프로그램의 내용이 특정 영역이나 측면에 편중되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대부분의 영재캠프 프로그램에서 평가의 내용과 방법에 대한 계획이 구체적으로 수립되어 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 보다 폭넓은 프로그램을 대상으로 한 다양한 영재교육 프로그램 분석의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2014

Node layout optimization of structural wireless systems is investigated as a means to prolong the network lifetime without, if possible, compromising information quality of the measurement data. The trade-off between these antagonistic objectives is studied within a multi-objective layout optimization framework. A Genetic Algorithm is adopted to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal solutions from which the end user can select the final layout. The information quality of the measurement data collected from a heterogeneous WSN is quantified from the placement quality indicators of strain and acceleration sensors. The network lifetime or equivalently the network energy consumption is estimated through WSN simulation that provides realistic results by capturing the dynamics of the wireless communication protocols. A layout optimization study of a monitoring system on the Great Belt Bridge is conducted to evaluate the proposed approach. The placement quality of strain gauges and accelerometers is obtained as a ratio of the Modal Clarity Index and Mode Shape Expansion values that are computed from a Finite Element model of the monitored bridge. To estimate the energy consumption of the WSN platform in a realistic scenario, we use a discrete-event simulator with stochastic communication models. Finally, we compare the optimization results with those obtained in a previous work where the network energy consumption is obtained via deterministic communication models.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.503-515
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• 2022

This paper presents the development of seismic fragility curves for a precast reinforced concrete bridge instrumented with a structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The bridge is located near an active seismic fault in the Dominican Republic (DR) and provides the only access to several local communities in the aftermath of a potential damaging earthquake; moreover, the sample bridge was designed with outdated building codes and uses structural detailing not adequate for structures in seismic regions. The bridge was instrumented with an SHM system to extract information about its state of structural integrity and estimate its seismic performance. The data obtained from the SHM system is integrated with structural models to develop a set of fragility curves to be used as a quantitative measure of the expected damage; the fragility curves provide an estimate of the probability that the structure will exceed different damage limit states as a function of an earthquake intensity measure. To obtain the fragility curves a digital twin of the bridge is developed combining a computational finite element model and the information extracted from the SHM system. The digital twin is used as a response prediction tool that minimizes modeling uncertainty, significantly improving the predicting capability of the model and the accuracy of the fragility curves. The digital twin was used to perform a nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) with selected ground motions that are consistent with the seismic fault and site characteristics. The fragility curves show that for the maximum expected acceleration (with a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years) the structure has a 62% probability of undergoing extensive damage. This is the first study presenting fragility curves for civil infrastructure in the DR and the proposed methodology can be extended to other structures to support disaster mitigation and post-disaster decision-making strategies.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

PURPOSES : In this research, the initiation and development of corrugation on a gravel road with certain wheel and boundary conditions were evaluated using a coupled discrete-element method (DEM) with multibody dynamics (MBD). METHODS : In this study, 665,534 particles with a 4-mm diameter were generated and compacted to build a circular roadbed track, with a depth and width of 42 mm and 50 mm, respectively. A single wheel with a 100-mm diameter, 40-mm width, and 0.157-kg mass was considered for the track. The single wheel was set to run slowly on the track with a speed of 2.5 rad/s so that the corrugation was gradually initiated and developed without losing contact between the wheel and the roadbed. Then, the shape of the track surface was monitored, and the movement of the particles in the roadbed was tracked at certain wheel-pass numbers to evaluate the overall corrugation initiation and development mechanism. RESULTS : Two types of corrugation, long wave-length and short wave-length, were observed in the circular track. It seems that the long wave-length corrugation was developed by the longitudinal movement of surface particles in the entire track, while the short wave-length corrugation was developed by shear deformation in a local section. Properties such as particle coefficients, track bulk density, and wheel mass, have significant effects on the initiation and development of long-wave corrugation. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the coupled numerical method applied in this research could be effectively used to simulate the corrugation of a gravel road and to understand the mechanism that initiates and develops corrugation. To derive a comprehensive conclusion for the corrugation development under various conditions, the driver's acceleration and deceleration with various particle gradations and wheel-configuration models should be considered in the simulation.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권1호통권41호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 하이브리드 면진장치가 설치된 단자유도 구조물에 대하여 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 하이브리드 면진장치는 네 개의 FPS와 한 개의 MR 감쇠기로 구성하였다. 다양한 크기 및 특성을 가진 지진하중을 하이브리드 면진장치가 설치된 구조물에 가하여 진동제어 성능을 평가하였다. 본 연구에는 준능동 MR 감쇠기의 저항력을 효과적으로 조절하기 위하여 퍼지제어기를 사용하였고 구조물에 부착된 계측기를 통하여 변위 및 가속도를 피드백으로 이용한다. 수동 및 준능동 제어기법을 사용하여 얻은 구조물의 응답을 서로 비교하였고 그 결과 FPS와 MR 감쇠기의 조합으로 다양한 특성의 하중을 받는 구조물의 진동제어를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2021

This paper focuses on the development and assessment of the expected damage for the rocking response of rigid anchored blocks, with irregular geometry and non-uniform mass distribution, considering the site conditions and the seismicity of Mexico City. The non-linear behavior of the restrainers is incorporated to evaluate the pure tension and tension-shear failure mechanisms. A probabilistic framework is performed covering a wide range of block sizes, slenderness ratios and eccentricities using physics-based ground motion simulation. In order to incorporate the uncertainties related to the propagation of far-field earthquakes with a significant contribution to the seismic hazard at study sites, it was simulated a set of scenarios using a stochastic summation methods of small-earthquakes records, considered as Empirical Green's Function (EGFs). As Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP), the absolute value of the maximum block rotation normalized by the body slenderness, as a function of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is adopted. The results show that anchorages are more efficient for blocks with slenderness ratio between two and three, while slenderness above four provide a better stability when they are not restrained. Besides, there is a range of peak intensities where anchored blocks located in soft soils are less vulnerable with respect to those located in firm soils. The procedure used in here allows to take decisions about risk, reliability and resilience assessment of different types of contents, and it is easily adaptable to other seismic environments.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.888-897
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• 2015

A flight capability to take a terrain following flight near the ground is required to reduce the probability that a fighter aircraft can be detected by foe's radar fence in the battlefield. The success rate for mission flight has increased by adopting TFS (Terrain Following System) to enable the modern advanced fighter to fly safely near the ground at the low altitude. This system has applied to the state-of-the-art fighter and bomber, such as B-1, F-111, F-16 E/F and F-15, since the research begins from 1960's. In this paper, the terrain following system and GCAS (Ground Collision Avoidance System) was developed, based on a digital database with UTAS's TERPRROM (TERrain PROfile Matching) equipment. This system calculates the relative location of the aircraft in the terrain database by using the aircraft status information provided by the radar altimeter and the INS (Inertial Navigation System), based on the digital terrain database loaded previously in the DTC (Data Transfer Cartridge), and figures out terrain features around. And, the system is a manual terrain following system which makes a steering command cue refer to flight path marker, on the HUD (Head Up Display), for vertical acceleration essential for terrain following flight and enables a pilot to follow it. The cue is based on the recognized terrain features and TCH (Target Clearance Height) set by a pilot in advance. The developed terrain following system was verified in the real-time pilot evaluation in FA-50 HQS (Handling Quality Simulator) environment.

• 센서학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 1992

위상배열 안테나 레이다에서는 기계적 관성에 관계없이 레이다 빔의 신속한 조향이 가능하기 때문에 측정을 원하는 목표와 그 목표에 대한 측정시간, 측정표본속도를 선택적으로 취할 수 있게 된다. 이 논문에서는 주어진 측정 파라미터에 대해 이러한 위상배열 레이다 시스템을 위한 3차원 가변 포본화 빈도 추적 필터를 설계했다. 이 추적 필터는 추적목표의 탐지확률을 적정한 값 이상으로 유지하기 위해서 목표의 각도 예측오차를 안테나 빔 폭의 일정한 비율이내로 줄일 수 있어야 한다. 여기서 설계한 추적 필터는 이러한 요구를 만족하는 범위에서 표본화 빈도를 낮출 수 있도록 목표까지의 거리와 기동에 따라 표본화 빈도를 선택하게 된다. 이 추적 필터설계의 타당성은 여러가지 기동목표에 대한 수치실험을 통해 확인했다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.230-245
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• 2023

자율주행 기술의 발전과 함께 자율주행차(automated vehicle, AV)의 안전성 평가의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 효율적인 안정성 평가를 진행하기 위해 AV가 주행 중 직면할 수 있는 상황을 사전에 정의한 평가 시나리오를 활용하고 있다. 그러나 기존에 활용되는 시나리오는 짧은 구간 내에서 한정적인 상황만을 다루고 있다. 따라서, 실제 도로에서 발생하는 연속적인 상황을 평가하지 못한다는 한계가 존재한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 AV의 안전성을 강도 높게 평가하기 위해 단일 시나리오를 다양한 기하구조가 존재하는 도로 전체 구간을 대상으로 연속적인 평가가 가능한 다중 시나리오로 변환하고자 한다. 특히, 시나리오를 연결하는 조건을 정의하고, 변환된 다중 시나리오를 상황, 범위, 실험 시나리오로 발전시키는 구체적인 방법론을 제시하였으며, 시뮬레이션으로 다중 시나리오를 구현하여 검증하였다.