• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1435-1441
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding water to total mixed ration (TMR) on fresh water intake, nutrient digestibility, wool cortisol, and blood indices in Corriedale ewes under hot and humid conditions. Methods: Nine non-pregnant Corriedale ewes (ave. body weight = $41{\pm}3.5kg$) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirements in metabolic crates. Ewes were assigned to three treatment groups according to a triplicate $3{\times}3$ Latin Square design for 3 periods of 21 days duration each (9 ewes per treatment, 27 replications). Treatments were TMR (crude protein [CP] = 16.1, total digestible nutrients = 69.1%) moisture levels for 40%, 50%, and 60%. Results: No differences were found in body weight gain among all treatment groups (p>0.05). Nitrogen balance including digestible N, retained N, and urinary and fecal N showed no change among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Fresh water intake was the lower in 50% TMR moisture group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Other than ether extract which was higher in 60% TMR moisture group (p<0.05) the differences among nutrient digestibilities including CP, organic matter, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrate were not significant (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed for serum protein, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and triglyceride among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Wool and blood cortisol were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Blood hematology including red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, basophils, and eosinophils were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that TMR moisture at 40%, 50%, and 60% had no effects on N balance parameters, and nutrient digestibilities except for the ether extract under hot and humid conditions. Additionally there were no effects on stress conditions include wool cortisol, as well as blood cortisol levels of ewes.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.127-170
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• 2012

The primary concerns of this thesis simply stems from the curiosity of how the playwright Kim Jihoon lookouts a peculiar change of our spiritual, physical world. His lately work, , deals with a tribe of mixed blood who are either not shared by, or excluded from a national system, putting the writer's emphasis on some hints that informs us his outlook on the world. And these hints summon the following doubts. What is the significance of constituting a national community in this age, particularly in the time when the end of national people is frequently being referred? In strengthening national compositions, can the national identity be a pivotal element and central mechanism? Can the identity be able to exercise the hegemonic functions containing the political rights of decisions? Does the identity still dominate the various collective bodies such as genders, races, regions, professions, generations and classes etc? Finally, as the manifests, can the national identity be a desirable alternative that may cease both confusions and disorders evoked by the collision of heterogeneity? To find the answer, the study starts from a search for the origin of the complexities immanent in the mixed blood. The terror syndrome and the ambiguous identity, both residing outside the border of normality, will characterise the origin. Then I will focus both on the tribe's desperation itself and their present hope, in order. A myth of creating a country, making history and nationalism, all these are converged in their resistant ideology. This thesis ends with no clear conclusion, and yet suggesting the three presumptions the text insinuates: nomadism, a new barbarism, and the heterogeneity that awaits for our re-reading, and hoping that the three will lead the 'being-to-come' of the tribe, as an alternative of their future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding trace mineralsfortified mixed microbial culture (TMC) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolyte status, nitrogen balance, and trace mineral balance in sheep. Methods: Mixed microbes [0.6 % (v/w) of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.] were cultured with 99 % feedstuffs and 0.4 % trace minerals including zinc and copper for ensiling. Six sheep (a mean body weight of $46.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were fed two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rye straw) and an experimental diet (a control diet + 3.1 % TMC). Results: TMC feeding did not induce negative effects on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolytes, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Feeding with TMC increased the intake of trace minerals (p < 0.05) and did not affect absorption of trace minerals in the whole digestive tract. Feeding with TMC increased fecal excretion and absorbable intake, and retention of zinc and copper (p < 0.05) by 71 % and 77 %, respectively. Conclusion: Feeding with TMC resulted in higher zinc and copper bioavailability and retention without any adverse effects on sheep performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4009-4011
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• 2016

Background: Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell lymphoid neoplasm characterized by a distinctive biological behavior with potentially curable disease characteristics. It is an uncommon hematological malignancy which primarily affects younger individuals. The rationale of this study was to determine its clinico-hematological profile along with stage stratification in Pakistani patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: Sixty two histopathologically confirmed cases of cHL were identified. There were 42 males and 20 females, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1. The mean age was $29.7{\pm}13.8$ years with the median age of 30 years. B symptoms were present in 72.5% of patients. Histopathologically, the mixed cellularity type constituted 62.9% of cases, followed by nodular sclerosis in 25.8%, lymphocyte predominant in 9.6% and lymphocyte depleted in 1.6%. Stages I and II were present in 43.5% of patients at disease presentation, with 56.4% in stages III and IV. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan are comparable to published data. Mixed cellularity is the commonest histological variant and advanced stage at presentation are common findings in our patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of corn grain particle size on ruminant fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) as a basal diet to explain fundamental data of corn grain for cattle in Korea. Methods: Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (body weight $592{\pm}29.9kg$) fed TMR as a basal diet were housed individually in an auto temperature and humidity modulated chamber ($24^{\circ}C$ and 60% for 22 h/d). Treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design were TMR only (control), TMR with whole corn grain (WC), coarsely ground corn grain (CC), and finely ground corn grain (FC), respectively. The corn feeds substituted for 20% energy intake of TMR intake. To measure the ruminal pH, ammonia N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal digesta was sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h intervals after the morning feeding to determine ruminal fermentation characteristics. Blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the ruminal digesta sampling. Results: There was no difference in dry matter (DM) intake between different corn particle size because the DM intake was restricted to 1.66% of body weight. Different corn particle size did not change mean ammonia N and total VFA concentrations whereas lower (p<0.05) ruminal pH and a ratio of acetate to propionate, and higher (p<0.05) propionate concentration were noted when the steers consumed CC compared with WC and FC. Concentration of blood metabolites were not affected by different particle size of corn grain except for blood triglyceride concentration, which was significantly (p<0.05) increased by FC. Conclusion: Results indicate that feeding CC may increase feed digestion in the rumen, whereas the FC group seemed to obtain inadequate corn retention time for microbial degradation in the rumen.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

This experiments was designed to observe the effect of period and dose of ingestion of grapes on renal failure in dog. After the dogs had been mixed of general feed, raisins from U.S.A and fresh grapes from Chile selling in Korea. We observed the clinical sign, and analyzed the blood and urine using by biochemical test. The experiment was executed by the two following groups. The experiment group 1. derived renal failure by supplying the mixed general feed with fresh grapes and dry grapes 15 g per weight kg, 2 times a day (AM 09, PM 21), the experiment group 2. executed to derive renal failure by supplying the mixed general feed with fresh grapes and dry grapes 40 g per weight kg, 2 times a day. Extraction of blood for analysis was conducted one time a day and clinical test for renal failure was executed by means of a blood analysis, biochemical analysis, urine analysis, excretory urography (E.U) and E.R.D-$screen^{TM}$ urine test (Heska, USA). The results of group 1 were normal ranges (BUN 9.0~22.6 mg/dl, creatinine 0.8~1.2 mg/dl, Ca 9.7~12.3 mg/dl, Pi 2.9~4.6 mg/dl), renal failure was not observed. On the 3rd day in group 2, azotemia was arisen from the increasing BUN 83 mg/dl (7~25 mg/dl), creatinine 2.3 mg/dl (0.5~1.4 mg/dl), when executed urine was tested by E.R.D-$screen^{TM}$ test using in the early kidney disease diagnosis, microalbumine state was high positive, and it showed stale delay by using excretory urography (EU). This study demonstrated that acute renal failure by grapes and raisins dependent on food dose, and specific characters of individual.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

보리, 쑥, 다시마, 대두를 재료로 하고 Bacillus licheniformis Bl을 접종하여, 맛과 향이 향상된 청국장을 제조하였다. 본 혼합발효에서 단백질분해효소의 활성은 발효시작 하루만에 최대치에 이르렀으며, 발효시작 2일만에 pH는 8.4까지 증가하였다. 당과 아미노산에 의해 생성되는 갈변물질은 초기에 비해 20배 이상 증가하였다. 이상으로 대두에 보리, 쑥, 다시마를 혼합하여도 청국장 제조가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. Ethanol과 methanol에 녹인 혼합 발효분말의 농도를 각각 0.2에서 1%(w/v)로 증가시킬수록 농도의존적으로 항산화도는 증가하였다. 항산화도는 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용하여 결정하였다. Methanol에 1%의 분말청국장을 녹였을 때 항산화도가 가장 높았다. 고혈압군이 본 혼합 발효분말 20 g을 복용했을 때 수축기 혈압이 2시간 지나 10 mmHg 떨어지는 강하효과가 있었다. 또한 맛과 향의 선호도면에서 보리, 쑥, 다시마가 포함된 혼합 발효분말이 발효대두보다 t검정으로 유의적으로 높음을 보였다. 혼합 발효분말은 앞으로 혈압강하용 기능성 청국장으로 개발될 수 있을 것이다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of single-sex or mixed rearing on the growth and laying performance, blood parameters, egg quality, and feather scores of laying hens in an aviary system. A total of 2,928 (females, 2,856; males, 72), Hy-Line Brown chickens at 20 weeks were evenly assigned to two treatments: termed here the single-sex (only female) and mixed-sex (female to male 20 : 1) conditions. They were allowed an ad libitum diet for 20 weeks in an aviary system. There were eight replicates of each treatment, each consisting of 12.42 m²·birds^-1 (n=183), respectively. The body weight and uniformity in the mixed-sex condition were higher than those in the single-sex condition, but egg production did not show any significant differences between the two types of treatment for 20 weeks. The mixed-sex group showed an effect through stress parameters (corticosterone), whereas the feather score on the back was low at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that the presence of males affect corticosterone level for mating but can reduce the vigilance and aggressive behavior of laying hens.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2017

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary proteins as fraction-enriched protein, defined by Cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS), on in vivo ruminal fermentation pattern and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) containing 17.2% crude protein. Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consumed TMR only (control) and TMR with rapeseed meal (AB1), soybean meal (B2), and perilla meal (B3C). Each protein was substituted for 23.0% of crude protein in TMR. Rumen digesta were taken through ruminal cannula at 1 h interval during the feeding cycle in order to analyze ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Plasma metabolites in blood taken via the jugular vein after the rumen digesta sampling were analyzed. Feeding perilla meal significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean ruminal pH compared with control and the other protein feeding groups. Compared with control, feeding protein significantly (p < 0.05) increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration except for AB1. Statistically (p > 0.05) similar total VFA appeared among control and the supplemented groups. However, control, AB1, and B2 showed higher (p < 0.05) acetate concentrations than B3C, and propionate was vice versa. CNCPS fractionated protein significantly (p < 0.05) affected concentrations of albumin and total protein in blood; i.e. plasma albumin was lower for control and B2 groups than AB1 and B3C groups. Despite lack of significances (p > 0.05) in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, AB1 and B2 groups were numerically higher than the others.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2018

Accurate blood typing is the crucial factor for safe and successful blood transfusion and plays a very important role in organ transplantation and genetic information of forensic medicine. Microfluidic devices have been developed to overcome the limitations of the conventional blood typing methods. In this study, we demonstrate a Lamb wave-based device for simple blood typing in a sample droplet and we propose new indices for quantitative and accurate blood typing. Using Lamb wave-induced acoustic streaming in the droplet, the blood sample and the reagent can be mixed rapidly and red blood cells start to form clumps, which is agglutination. Based on the recorded image and video, the intensity of transmitted light through the sample droplet is evaluated to determine the blood type. Effect of the concentration of suspended red blood cells was evaluated and we found that 10% concentration of suspended red blood cells was suitable to observe the difference between aggregated and non-aggregated samples. Finally, sample with blood type A could be determined using anti-A reagent in our Lamb wave-based device. Our device enables simple and accurate blood typing, which can be applied to resource-limited environments.