• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2002

중수로 압력관으로 사용되는 Zr-2.5Nb 재료의 고온 이방성 탄성계수를 고온 초음파공명분광법(RUS)로 측정하였다. 소형 가열로 내에 알루미나 waveguide와 광대역 초음파 센서를 사용하여 초음파에너지를 시편에 가하고 시편의 공명주파수를 측정하였다. 압력관의 축 방향, 반경 방향, 원주 방향에 일치하도록 장방형 시편을 가공하였으며 각 방향에 대한 탄성계수 텐서 9개의 값을 상온${\sim}500^{\circ}C$ 온도 구간에서 측정하였다. 탄생계수 텐서, $c_{ij}$는 모두 온도가 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 감소하며 원주 방향의 탄성계수가 축 방향 및 반경 방향의 탄성계수보다 높았다. 이것은 Young's modulus나 shear modulus의 경우에도 일치하였으며 축 방향과 반경 방향의 경우 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 축 방향 및 반경 방향의 비틀림 탄생계수가 $150^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 서로 교차하였으며 이는 단결정 지르코늄의 $c_{44}$ 및 $c_{66}$의 교차 현상과 일치하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2014

In commercial Zr-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al amorphous alloys, expensive element, Zr, was substituted to Sn which was cheaper one, and then, glass forming ability, compressive strength and hardness of them were estimated. Even though the Sn was added up to 1.5%, resulting phase was not changed to the crystalline form. It was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses. In the X-ray profiles, there were no peaks for crystalline phases and typical halo pattern for amorphous phase was appeared at the diffraction angle of $35^{\circ}{\sim}45^{\circ}$. Thermal analyses also showed that the Sn modified alloys were corresponded to the amorphous standards where ${\delta}T$(= Tx - Tg) and Trg(= Tg/Tm) affecting to the amorphous forming ability were more than 50K and 0.60 respectively. Compressive strengths were 1.77 GPa, 1.63 GPa, 1.65 GPa and 1.77 GPa for 0%Sn, 0.5%Sn, 1.0%Sn and 1.5%Sn respectively. Hardnesses of the Sn modified alloys were decreased from 752 Hv to 702 Hv in 1.0%Sn and recovered to 746 Hv in 1.5%Sn.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.204-223
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• 2010

본 연구는 이방성 재료인 Zr-2.5%Nb가 수소화물을 함유할 때, 고온 크리프 거동 특성을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm의 수소화물을 장입한 Zr 합금을 이방성의 영향을 최소화하고 실제 하중 조건인 2축 응력을 구현하기 위해서 $300^{\circ}C$에서 SP 크리프 시험을 행하였다. 이 시험을 통해 SP 크리프 곡선을 얻었으며, 각각의 시험편의 경향을 비교하였다. 50, 100 ppm의 경우에는 수소화물에 의한 고온 크리프의 열화 거동을 확연히 구분할 수 있었다. 반면에 200 ppm의 경우에는 크리프의 열화가 발생하지 않았다. 이런 사실은 SP 크리프 상수와 응력지수의 비교에 의해서도 확인할 수 있었다. 50 ppm과 100 ppm의 경우에는 크리프 상수가 감소하고, 응력지수는 증가하는 것으로부터 Zr 합금의 열화를 확인할 수 있으나, 반면에 200 ppm의 경우에는 크리프 상수가 도리어 증가하고, 응력지수는 감소하였다. 이런 사실로부터 수소화물이 Zr 합금의 고온 크리프 거동의 특성을 좌우하는 매우 중요한 인자임을 확인하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 1996

현재 사용되고 있는 생체용 금속재료로 스테인레스강(SUS 316), Co-Cr강, 순수 Ti, Ti-6Al-4V이 많이 사용되고 있으며 그 중에서도 특히 Ti이 각광을 받고 있다. 그러나 순수한 Ti은 생체적합성과 내식성은 좋은 반면 기계적 성질이 합금에 비해 뒤떨어지고, Ti-6Al-4V은 V의 세포독성이 지적되고 있어 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 세포독성이 없는 함금원소를 Ti에 첨가한 새로운 합금을 설계하였다. 그 중에서 Ti-20Zr-3Nb-3Ta-0.2Pd-1In과 Ti-5AI-4Zr-2.5Mo은 기계적 성질도 뛰어나고 우수한 전기화학적 부식특성을 가지고 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

The pressure tubes, which contain high temperature heavy water and fuel, are within the core of a CANDU nuclear reactor, and are thus subjected to high stresses, temperature gradient, and neutron flux. Further, it is well known that pressure tubes of cold-worked Zr-2.5Nb materials result in hydrogen diffusion, which create fully-hydrided regions (frequently called Blister). Thus a proper investigation of hydrogen diffusion within zirconium-alloy nuclear components, such as CANDU pressure tube and fuel channels is essential to predict the structural integrity of these components. In this respect, this paper presents numerical investigation of hydrogen diffusion to quantify the hydrogen concentration fur blister growth of CANDU pressure tube. For this purpose, coupled temperature-hydrogen diffusion analyses are performed by means of two-dimensional finite element analysis. Comparison of predicted temperature field and blister with published test data shows good agreement.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.814-817
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• 2005

In order to enhance energy efficiency in high electric conversion devices such as Power transformers, which need to have high power properties, an alloy design approach in $Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3(PZT)$ base ceramic system was attempted $0.03Pb(Sb_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3-0.03Pb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-(0.94-x)PbTiO_3-xPbZrO_3$[PSN-PMN- PZT] ceramics were synthesized by conventional bulk ceramic processing technique. To improve power properties, the various Zr/Ti ratio was varied ]lear their morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition of PSN-PMN-PZT system and their effects on subsequent piezoelectric and dielectric properties for the transformer application at high power were systematically investigated using an impedance analyzer. Microstructure and phase information were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and others. When the Zr/Ti ratio was 0.415/0.465, the value of $Q_m\;and\;k_p$ were shown to reach to the maximum, indicating that this alloy design can be a feasible composition :or high power transformer.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.841-845
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• 1995

The effect of small addition of Nb on the electrical resistivity and Hall coeffcient of the amorphous $Fe_{83}Zr_{7}B_{10}$ alloy and annealed ones ones below the crystallization temperature were investigated, which has been considered to be suitable for high frequency core material. At room temperature, their resistivities $\rho$ and the spontaneous Hall coeffcients $R_{s}$ are $~1.6\;{\mu}{\Omega}m$ and $~3{\times}10^{-8}m^{3}/As$, respectively. $R_{s}$ and $\rho$ are decreased with increasing temperature from 100 K to room temperature. Side-jump effect was adopted to analyze the effect of the small variation of conentration and annealing. The quantity of $R_{s}/{\rho}^{2}$ at room temperature, which is directly related to the electronic structure of the mother alloy, remained almost a constant except as quenched one as it can be predicted from the side-jump effect. The unexpected temperature dependence of $R_{s}/{\rho}^{2}$ measured at low fields much below Tc is left as a question.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.772-777
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• 1995

The effect of small addition of Nb on the electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient of the amorphous $Fe_{83}Zr_{7}B_{10}$ alloy and annealed ones below the crystallization temperature were investigated, which has been considered to be suitable for high frequency core material. At room temperature, their resistivities $\rho$ and the spontaneous Hall coefficients $R_{s}$ are $~1.6\;{\mu}{\Omega}m$ and $~3{\times}10^{-8}m^{3}/As$, respectively. $R_{s}$ and $\rho$ are decreased with increasing temperature from 100 K to room temperature. Side-jump effect was adopted to analyze the effect of the small variation of concentration and annealing. The quantity of $R_{s}/{\rho}^{2}$ at room temperature, which is directly related to the electronic structure of the mother alloy, remained almost a constant except as quenched one as it can be predicted from the side-jump effect. We suggested the temperature dependence of $R_{s}/{\rho}^{2}$ can be compared to Ms{T}.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2007

[ $Zr_{50}-Ni_{27}-Nb_{18}-Co_5$ ] amorphous alloys ribbon was prepared by a single-roller melt-spinning technique. In order to improve the hydrogen kinetics Pd-coating were carried out on each side of the amorphous ribbon. Pd prevents oxidation of Zr and catalyses the dissociation of molecular hydrogen to atomic hydrogen. In this work, the hydrogen embrittlement and surface properties on Zr-based amorphous alloys were investigated. The Zr-based amorphous alloys were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The morphology of surface and roughness was observed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A lattice parameter of both Pd and Zr-based amorphous alloy was increased after hydrogen permeation at 473 K. After hydrogen permeation at 473 K, some cracks were observed on the surface of Pd, which was the cause for the hydrogen embrittlement. The crystallization temperature of Zr-based amorphous alloy was decreased due to the permeated hydrogen.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.852-859
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• 2009

The manufacturing process of zirconium alloys is an import factor to increase their strength and corrosion resistance. In order to find an improved manufacturing process of zirconium alloys in both Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe (Alloy-A) and Zr-1.5Nb-0.4Sn-0.2Fe-0.1Cr (HANA-4) for fuel guide tubes, sheet samples were prepared by applying two- and three-step processes that were controlled by an annealing and reduction condition. The mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of both alloys were increased by applying the twostep process rather than the three-step process. From a matrix analysis using TEM, the property improvement is related to the decrease of the precipitate mean diameter with an application of the two-step process. In a comparison of the strength and corrosion properties between Alloy-A and HANA-4, the performance of HANA-4 was feasible for application to fuel guide tubes.