• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.281-296
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• 2010

방그라데시 북부에 위치한 풀바리 우파질라 지역의 지하수에서 pH, EC, 주요 양이온 ($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, and $As^{3+}$), 주요 음이온 (${CO_3}^{2-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$) 그리고 total dissolved solids (TDS) 등의 용존물질 함량을 측정하였다. 또한 sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), 경도 등의 지표도 계산하였다. 전체적으로 지하수의 pH는 약알칼리성 (6.24 - 8.10)을 띄었으며, 주요 양이온은 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ 이었고, 주요 음이온은 $HCO_3{^-}$ and $Cl^-$ 으로서 전형적인 담수의 이온조성을 보였다. $Cu^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ 의 최대 농도는 각각 1.71, 0.606, 0.125 mg/L 이었다. 방글라데시의 여러 지역에서는 비소에 의한 지하수의 오염이 흔히 나 타나고 있으나 이지역에서 비소의 최대농도가 0.41 mg/L로서 기준치인 0.05 mg/L 보다 낮은 오 염도를 보였다. TDS와 SAR, SSP 등으로 볼 때 이 지역의 지하수는 대부분 양호한 수질을 가지는 담수인 것으로 평가된다. $As^{3+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $Cl^-$ 등의 농도는 음용수로 적합한 수준이었으나 일부 항목은 특정 산업용도로는 부적합한 농도를 보였다. 현재로서는 이지역 의 지하수는 대부분 음용이 가능하고 일부 산업용에 대해서만 부적합성을 보였다. 그러나 앞으로 지 하수의 이용과 산업활동이 증가하면 방글라데시의 많은 다른 지역의 지하수에서 발생한 사례와 같 이 용존물질의 농도가 증가하여 물의 용도에 제한을 받게 될 우려가 있다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.766-774
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• 2000

The major and trace constituents of Mongolian chromite were analyzed by ICP-AES. The dissolution procedures, mixed acid ($HClO_4+H_3PO_4$) digestion and fusion with $Na_2O_2$ flux, have been studied to dissolve the chromite. The optimum dissolution method was found to be a fusion with $Na_2O_2$ flux. The effect of large amount of Na on major and trace constituents was examined when these elements were determined by ICP-AES. There was no effect on major elements at a concentration of Na 250 mg/L solution. The emission intensity of trace constituents containing Na 1,250 mg/L decreased to 1.0-5.2% according to elements and wavelengths. The result of this method was compared with that of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to confirm the accuracy of this procedure. The results between two methods were in a good agreement within less than 5% for $Al_2O_3$, $Cr_2O_3$, MgO and -20 to 8% for Co, Mn, V, Zn, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.247-258
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the degree of air pollution can be evaluated via examination of local plants. Selected sites included two parks in an industrial area, as well as two parks in an urban area. Selected plant samples comprised one-year-old pine shoot leaves. Leaves growing over 2 m from the ground were collected from over 10 pine trees. Leaf surface was analyzed for deposition of 14 trace elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including particle size and mass, surface imaging, precipitation-mediated particle removal rate, and concentration. Particle size ranged from 0.4 to $200{\mu}m$, and the volume percentage of particles ${\leq}10$ was 20 %. Deposited particle mass ranged from 0.450-0.825 mg, and precipitation-mediated removal rate ranged from 10.0-27.6 %. Trace element concentration, as measured by ICP/MS after microwave acid digestion, was 18.8-26.3 mg/kg As, 0.08-0.13 mg/kg Be, 0.06-0.08 mg/kg Cd, 4.91-17.8 mg/kg Cr, 5.26-405 mg/kg Cu, 1,930-2,670 mg/kg Fe, 3.03-28.1 mg/kg Pb, 26.9-42.8 mg/kg Mn, 2.66-10.4 mg/kg Ni, 4,560-8,730 mg/kg Al, 2,500-6,120 mg/kg Ba, 5.27-17.8 mg/kg Rb, 40.9-95.3 mg/kg Sr, and 4,030-8,260 mg/kg Zn. Concentration of PAHs, as analyzed by GC/MS/MS after liquid-liquid extraction and purification of deposited particles, ranged from 1.17 to 12.378 mg/kg for ${\Sigma}PAH_{16}$ and from 1.17 to 12.378 mg/kg for ${\Sigma}PAH_7$.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2000

This dissertation was to research how some metal level within SipJeonDaeBo - Decoction, one of oriental prescriptions, influence Sprague-Dawley animals. 1. Under the experiment with drinking waters there was no metal ${\sim}0.65\;mg/L$ detected. A metal with feed found 0.001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the mice's kidney, brain, bones used experiment, As searched 0.474 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 0.314 mg/kg 0.834 mg/kg respectively ; Cd 0.060 mg/kg, 0.045 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.353 mg/kg, ; Co 0.105 mg/kg, 0.063 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.399 mg/kg, ; Cr 0.292 mg/kg, 0.304 mg/kg, 0.234 mg/kg, 0.962 mg/kg, ; Cu 4.201 mg/kg, 3.759 mg/kg, 1.923 mg/kg, 0.484 mg/kg, ; Fe 57.535 mg/kg, 150.571 mg/kg, 17.178 mg/kg, 281.506 mg/kg, ; no Hg, Mn 0.612 mg/kg, 2.968 mg/kg, 0.528 mg/kg, 4.205 mg/kg, ; Ni 0.094 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg, 0.078 mg/kg, 27.714 mg/kg, ; Pb 0.269 mg/kg, 0.293 mg/kg, 0.283 mg/kg, 43.142 mg/kg ; Zn 4.149 mg/kg, 21.861 mg/kg, 8.088 mg/kg, 226.283 mg/kg respectively. 3. In level of hazardous metal within idney control group searched 0.194 {\pm}\; 0.052 mg/kg, experimental I g개up $0.189{\pm}0.036\;mg/kg$, experimental I group $0.264 {\pm}{\pm}\;0.179\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous metal control group searched $15.917{\pm}5.575\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $17.064{\pm}2.246\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $16.892{\pm}3.586\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level of metal control g.cup detected $6.484{\pm}2.258\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $6.940{\pm}0.914\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $6.915{\pm} 1.508\;mg/kg$ There all was no statistical significance. 4. In level of hazardous metal within the liver control group searched $0.187{\pm}0.048\;mg/kg$, experiment I g개up $0.168[\pm}0.079\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $0.277{\pm}0.159\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $44.925{\pm}18.468\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $39.917{\pm}12.772\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $49.525{\pm}33.484\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $18.082{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $16.068{\pm}5.128\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $19.977{\pm}13.443\;mg/kg$. There was no statistical significance but hazardous metal gets more level in the experilnent group than in the control group. 5. In level of hazardous metal within brain control group searched $0.145{\pm}0.056\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $$0.167{\pm}0.030\;mg/kg, erperiment II group $0.172{\pm}0.123\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $6.488{\pm}0.965\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $7.290{\pm}0.588\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $7.010{\pm}1.627\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $2.683{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $3.017{\pm}0.238\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $2.908 {\pm} 0.711\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 6. In level of hazardous metal within bone control group searched $8.172{\pm}5.195 \;mg/kg$, experiment I group $9.128{\pm}4.143\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $9.401{\pm}6.924\;mg/kg$. There is statistical significance(p<0.05). In level of non hazardous metal control group detected $94.065{\pm}36.035\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $147.563 {\pm}79.939\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $142.730{\pm}77.374\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level control group searched $48.530{\pm}16.523\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $64.502{\pm}31.078\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $62.733 {\pm}34.641\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 7 In the correlative research as to how each metal influences to ingestion Cd and Co searched 0.954 and Pb and Ni -0.0884 from kidney. Co and Cd was 0.995 and Zn and As -0.190 from liver. Co and Cd were 0.995 and Zn and Cu -0.393 from brain. Co and Cd were 0.998 and Zn and Mn -0.206 from bones

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2001

Yields of shells, appearance of the shellfishes, mineral contents of the shells and their hot water extracts were determined in six shellfishes such as corb shell(CS). short neck clam(SNC). taste clam(TC), ark shell(AS). top shell(TS) and oyster(OY) from the western coast of Korea. Yields of shells in shellfishes were 70.I~80.5% but yields of TC was the lowest as 40.7%. The highest among weight of the shell the shellfishes was the TS(26.2g) and the lowest weight was TC(5.6g) Colors of CS, SNC, TC. AS. TS and OY were yellowish brown, brown, black. greenish brown and gray. respectively. Ca content of the shell of shellfishes was 36.23~38.78% and the content of K and Na were 0.23~4.54% and 1.48~l.59%, respectively. Contents of Na, Mg, Fe. Mn, Zn, Cu. P and S were in the range of 0.01~0.21%. It also contained heavy metals, such as Pb(1.90~7.75 ppm), Cd(0.5~4.50 ppm), As (1.40~4.30 ppm), Se (0.2~l.50 ppm). Cr(1.00~8.30 ppm) and Hg(0.002~8.2 ppm), Ca content in hot water extracts of shell of shellfish was the highest in TC(2,448 mg/100 g), and the lowest in SNC(115 mg/100 g). K content in TC extracts was the highest with the levels of 952 mg/100 g. P content of TC and SNC were 201 and 0.36 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of Pb, As, Se and Cr were the highest in the extracts of TC and were 110. 40. 90, 20 $\mu$g/100 g, respectively. But Cd was not detected in the extracts of SNC.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

The MA8 alloy (formula Mg-Mn-Се) has been shown to have greater corrosion stability than the VMD10 magnesium alloy (formula Mg-Zn-Zr-Y) in chloride-containing solutions by Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) and by optical microscopy, gravimetry, and volumetry. It has been established that the crucial factor for the corrosion activity of these samples is the occurrence of microgalvanic coupling at the sample surface. The peculiarities of the kinetics and mechanism of the corrosion in the local heterogeneous regions of the magnesium alloy surface were investigated by localized electrochemical techniques. The stages of the corrosion process in artificial defects in the coating obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) at the surface of the MA8 magnesium alloy were also studied. The analysis of the experimental data enabled us to determine that the corrosion process in the defect zone develops predominantly at the magnesium/coating interface. Based on the measurements of the corrosion rate of the samples with PEO and composite polymer-containing coatings, the best anticorrosion properties were displayed by the composite polymer-containing coatings.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.59-77
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate on several factors, which contaminative the water quality through the water pipe during feeding water, in 42 largescaled apart-ments(total 84 cases) and assayed the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) and concen-tration of heavy metals that inflow and outflow in reservior water in Jeonnam area(Mokpo, Suncheon, Yeosu) from January 1999 to December 1999. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The quality of the water pipe composition in the order of frequency in the quality of water pipes were Copper(45.2%)> Zinc(38.9%)> Stainless steel(9.5%)> PVC(4.8%)> PM(2.4%) in observing 42 sites. All of the drain pipes were used the cast iron quality. 2. The result of certification curve from 12 items(17kind) of VOCs was $1.0-4.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$ range, a coefficient of correlation was shown 0.99 over. A MDL of each substance range was within $0.1-1.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$. 3. The result of the assay, 5 kinds(Viny chloride, Dichloromethane, Ethylbenzene, M,P-xylene, Styrene) of the VOCs of 14 kinds was not detected and the other items were detected slightly. The detection rate of one item and over in total VOCs samples, were 25.9% in inflow and 27.9% in outflow. And frequency of detect in inflow/outflow of THM(Chloroform, Bromodichloro-methane, Dibromochloromethane, Bromoform) were shown higher than 94.1%, 97.0% each stages. It comes to the conclusion that all of the samples were reason able for drinking water standards. 4. The coefficient of correlation were reasonable, it shown 0.999 over in $0.1-1.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$ of a measuring range conditions of 4kinds in organic substance(Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn). 5. The results were showed suitability in 78 cases(92.9%) and unsuitability in 6 cases (7.1%), in 84 cases of in organic substances. Compare to inflow stage, mean concentrations of heavy metal, were increased slightly in Zn, Cu, Fe except Mn than outflow stage. The result of the mean concentration in organic substance inflow and outflow in the apartment water tank using Pair-compared T-test, in 95% reliance index, were $0.179mg/{\ell}(0.151-0.307mg/{\ell})$ in Zinc, $0.136mg/{\ell}(0.113-0.230mg/{\ell})$ in Copper, $0.052mg/{\ell}(0.048-0.098mg/{\ell})$ in Fe, and there was a bit growing tendency but there was no differece in Mn. 6. The mean concentration of Copper which used Cu pipe as a water supply pipe in apartment were $0.216mg/{\ell}(0.161-0.338mg/{\ell})$ in case of the Zine pipe were $0.286mg/{\ell}(0.204-0.435mg/{\ell})$. It shows that the detection rate was more higher than the other material used in Cu or Zn as the water supply pipe. We supposed to Cu and Zn substance were gushing out water supply pipe.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2005

Finger millet straw and rice straw are the major source of dry roughage in southern India. They distinctly vary in their morphological and nutritional characters. Hence an effort was made to study the nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in crossbred dairy cows fed either finger millet (group 1) or rice straw (group 2) as a source of dry roughage. The cows in both the groups were fed as per requirement with concentrate, green fodder and straw in the ratio of 30:45:25 parts (DM). At the end of 50 days of preliminary feeding a digestibility trial was conducted for 7 days and pooled samples of feed, fodder, feces, urine and milk were analysed for macro and micro nutrient content. Finger millet straw contained more CP, Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn and Co than rice straw and rice straw contained higher ADF, ash and silica. The intake of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and most micronutrients (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Co) was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and ADF was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw and the gut absorption of Ca, Cu, Mn and Co was significantly higher in cows fed finger millet straw. The dietary requirement of all micronutrients in both the group of cows could be met irrespective of the type of roughage fed except that of Ca, which was low (0.61 and 0.40%) in rice straw fed cows. The average daily milk yield (L/cow) was also higher (7.0 L) in cows fed finger millet straw as compared to cows fed rice straw (6.3 L). The average milk composition also did not differ except that of milk fat which was significantly (4.7 and 4.5%) low in cows fed rice straw. The overall results of this study have indicated that finger millet straw is a better source of dry fodder than rice straw and while feeding rice straw as the sole roughage to dairy cows there is need to supplement additional calcium as this could be one of the limiting nutrients for milk production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1997

Phytase(myo-inositol hexkisphosphate phosphohydrolase ; EC 3.1.3.8) was purified from the mucoas of rat intestinal. The molecular weight of enzyme was determined to be 160kDa by sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. Analysis of the purified enzyme o SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) showen that it was composed of two different subunits and the molecular weight of its subunit was found to be 70kDa and 90kDa respectively, indicating that this enzyme is hetrodimer. The enzyme activities were activated in the presence of $ MgCl_{2}$, but inhibited by $ZnCl_{2}$, $MnCl_{2}$, and EDTA. The substrates tested, phytase showed the highest affinity for the enzyme at the physiological ph. The Km value for phytic acid(inositol-hexakisphosphate)was 0.31 mM at pH 7.4. rat intestinal mucosa phytase seems to play an important in the metabolism of inositol.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2001

We have investigated the trace amount in an oriental medicine in oder to determine the geographical origin by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and chemometric anlysis with principal component analysis(PCA) and pattern recognition. Astragali Radix from several agricultural places in Korea was selected as an example of the oriental medicine and analyzed by ICP-AES. The dried Astragali Radix sample was treated with $HNO_3$ and $H_2O_2$, then digested using microwave oven. Elements such as Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ba with different concentrations were found an used for the identification of the origin of agriculture places. Especially, the concentration of Al, Fe, Zn and Ti were employed to investigate the relationship between. Astragali Radix and the agricultural places by PCA and pattern recognition. We have made a program that is based on chemometrics in analytical spectroscopy. The results of the chemometrics analysis indicated that a distinction among Yechon and Chechon, Chungson, Kurye and Chinese Astragali Radix could be made. We believe that principal component analysis(PCA) and pattern recognition is a valuable tool to identify the origin of Astragali Radix in terms of the agricultural place.