• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-346
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• 1995

The inclusion of crude ginger rhizome (zingiber officinale) extract at 0.5 to 1.0% (v/w) in the marination of marginally acceptable lean beef improved meat tenderness by 20-30% in the absence of 2% salt and by 35-45% in the presence of 2% salt. Ginger extract also retarded the development of rancidity and increased shelf-life of precooked lean beef two-fold in saran-wrap (no vacuum) storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Ginger rhizome improves the palatability and acceptability of lean beef from carcasses of marginal quality. It is particularly beneficial for the preparation of pre-cooked ready-to-eat beef products that are not vacuum-packaged.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 1990

Yellowish and oily crude gingerol extract was obtained from ginger(Zingiber officinale rose)by ether, ether and hexane extraction. The major component was identified by TLC analysis to be gingerol. The crude gingerol extract thus obtained was found to have antioxidant activity. The crude gingerol extract showed a synergistic antioxidant activity when combined with citric acid. The maximum synergistic effect was observed at 0.04% citric acid. The activity of the antioxidants used was found to increase in the order of BHT, crude gingerol plus 0.04% citric acid, crude gingerol, BHA and tocopherols.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2013

[6]-Gingerol, a major polyphenol of ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, the radioprotective effect of [6]-gingerol is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of [6]-gingerol against radiation-induced cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. [6]-Gingerol pretreatment attenuated radiation-induced cell cytotoxicity caused by 5Gy (half lethal dose, $LD_{50}$ of HepG2 cells). The measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also performed. The results showed that [6]-gingerol pretreatment reduced increasing SOD and CAT activity after exposure of IR, indicating that [6]-gingerol protected oxidative stress by regulating cellular antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity. These findings suggest that [6]-gingerol acts as a radioprotector by attenuating cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1983

Shogaol, one of the main pungent principles of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, Roscoe, was biodegraded by Aspergillus niger to produce two main metabolites. The crystalline metabolite obtained after silicic acid column chromatography was proved to be 1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)decan-10-ol-3-one. The oily metabolite obtained after prolonged fermentation was 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3, 10-diol. The results suggest that shogaol should be biodegraded to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-dec-4-en-10-ol-3-one or to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one, and to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-10-ol-3-one then to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3, 10-diol and finally to carbon dioxide and water.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2022

The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the activity of [10]-gingerol using A2058 human melanoma cells. [10]-Gingerol inhibited the proliferation of A2058 cells by 50% at a concentration of 52 μM. Such inhibition was dose-dependent accompanied by morphological change indicative of apoptosis. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis by Annexin V and PI double staining showed that [10]-gingerol increased the extent of apoptosis. Analysis of the mechanism of these events indicated that [10]-gingerol increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, resulting in the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in a dose-dependent manner.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.335-345
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• 2009

Effect of four nematicidal herbal extracts (Daphne genkwa, Eugenia caryophyllata, Quisqualis indica and Zingiber officinale) and 3 acricidal herbal extracts (Pharbitis nil, Xanthium strumarium, and Desmodium caudatum) on entomopathobenic nematodes [Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain (ScP) and Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain (HG)], silkworm (Bombyx mori), and ground beetles (Synuchus sp.) were investigated in the laboratory and field. D. genkwa was highly toxic to SCP and HG (100% mortality) at the concentration of 5,000 ppm in X-plate. All the infective juveniles of HG were dead after 3 days by E. caryophyllata and Q. indica. The mortality of ScP and HG was below 10% by D. genkwa, D. caudatum, E. caryophyllata, Q. indica and Z. officinale at the concentration of 1,000 ppm two days after treatment while mortality of HG was 62.8% by D. genkwa at the concentration of 1,000 ppm in X-plate. However, 1,000 ppm had not effect on nematode survival and pathogenicity of ScP in sand column. On the contrary, E. caryophyllata had effect on pathogenicity of HG. Mean number of dead Galleria mellonella larva of HG was 0.5 in E. caryophyllata treatment. Q. indica did not effect silkworm reared on mulberry leaves at the treatment of 1,000 ppm in 10 days after treatment. However, there were 20.0 and 100% mortalities in the treatment of D. genkwa 3 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. The weight of silkworm was low in D. genkwa and did not pupate. The weight of pupa and cocoon were not different in E. caryophyllata, P. nil, Q. indica, X. strumarium and Z. officinale. D. genkwa, E. caryophyllata, P. nil, Q. indica and Z. officinale had no effect on ground beetles, Synuchus sp. in forest soil.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2011

In order to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions of ginger oleoresin (GO), we conducted an evaluation of quality properties such as yield (%), color, volatile flavor compounds and gingerol components. The extraction yield gained by SFE increased as extraction pressure and temperature increased. The highest yield was $8.96{\pm}0.68%$ at 500 bar $65^{\circ}C$ extraction condition. The total color difference (${\Delta}E$) values decreased at high pressure. In case of the 100 bar pressure conditions, ${\Delta}E$-values increased as the temperature went up. The analysis of the 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol and curcumin contents decreased at high temperature conditions of identical pressure and increased at high pressure conditions. The volatile flavor compounds were detected in zingiberene, ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandre, ${\beta}$-phellandre, ${\alpha}{\gamma}$-curcumene, 2,3-butandiol, ${\beta}$-bisabolene and so on. Also volatile component contents showed difference in each of extraction conditions.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

The study indicated that antimicrobial activity about gram positive and gram negative bacteria of ginger-oleoresin(GO) extract with the condition of ethanol and supercritical fluid extractions. As the concentration of extraction increases, the clear zone of GO ethanol extract also increased dependently. This led the antimicrobial activity of gram positive bacteria to take bigger place than gram negative bacteria especially in Listeria monocytogenes. There was a high antimicrobial activity in E-III treatment where the ratio of the ginger powder extract to ethanol extraction was 1:6. It was quite effective to treat the antimicrobial activity of GO ethanol extract under $80^{\circ}C$ and there was not big difference in the intervals which were the extraction time - 1 to 7 hours. The antimicrobial activity of supercritical fluid extract seemed to take the biggest place in Listeria monocytogenes. From the supercritical fluid extract, it was shown the strong ability of antimicrobial activity in the condition with 100 bar $35^{\circ}C$, 250 bar $35^{\circ}C$ and 250 bar $65^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, according to the case of solvent extract, there was not any significant difference in the antimicrobial activity with condition of extraction. However, there was significant antimicrobial activity in E-III treatment of 100 bar and 500 bar of extraction pressure, and $35^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.348-354
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• 2007

Extraction characteristics of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and the functional properties of the corresponding extracts were monitored by the response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction yield of 38.83% was obtained under the specific extraction conditions, such as microwave power of 126.68 W, ethanol concentration of 53.39% and extraction time of 8.15 min. The maximum electron donating ability (EDA) was found as 77.92% at the conditions of 58.25 W microwave power, 91.87% ethanol concentration and 5.54 min extraction time. The maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 79.39% at 106.08 W, 2.06% and 5.61 min. The maximum polyphenol content was 105.59% under the extraction conditions of 81.82 W, 99.52% and 4.06 min. Based on superimposition of four dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield and electron donating ability and polyphenol content obtained under the various extraction conditions, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were found to be microwave power of $0{\sim}80\;W$, ethanol concentration of $0{\sim}40%$ and extraction time of $3{\sim}7$ min.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1991

The essential oils of the two cultivars of Korean ginger were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method. Then the essential oils were fractionated into one hydrocarbon fraction and two oxygented hydrocarbon fractions by using silica gel column chromatography. The composition of the resulting oils were investigated by GC-MS spectrometry. The volatile oil contents of the two fresh cultivars were 0.32%(wb) and consisted of 68.1% hydrocarbon and 31.9% oxygenated hydrocarbons. Out of 101 characterized compounds, 54 were identified by comparing GC retentions and mass spectral data with authentic samples and 47 were tentatively identified according to mass spectral data only. The major compounds of hydrocarbon fraction were camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, zingiberene, ${\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\bate}-sesquiphellandrene$, and of oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions were 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol and ${\alpha}-terpeneol+borneol$. Comparing the yield and composition of Korean ginger oil with those from other origins reported, Korean ginger oils showed good yields of oil, whilst those contained higher amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.