• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.64-66
• /
• 1997

Zinc is employed in body cell growth and immune function. Zinc deficiency causes growth retardation, night blindness, delay of wound healing, skin disorders, alopecia, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of zinc in Korean has not yet been proceeded to apply to patient. In this study, we investigated to adjust zinc dosage for maintaining constant zinc optimum serum level. Five NPO inpatients (3 males, 2 females) in Seoul National University of Hospital were evaluated, retrospectively. Zinc was mixed with parenteral nutrition solution and administrated intravenously in 24 hour-continuous infusion, and zinc dosage range was 0.17-0.45 mg/kg/day. AUC to zinc dose (AUC/Dose) was $2.421\pm1.007\;kg{\cdot}min/ml.$ 0.5 mg/kg/day zinc administration may achieve the plasma zinc concentration of $120\;{\mu}g/dl.$(Kor. J. Clin. Pharm. 1997; 7: 64-66)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1155-1161
• /
• 2006

The characteristics of photocatalytic degradation of tar colorants such as brilliant blue FCF(BBF) and tartrazine(TTZ) with zinc oxide suspension was studied in a batch reactor under irradiation of ultra-violet ray. Photocatalytic degradation of TTZ with ZnO was more higher than that of BBF, and was Increased with dosage of ZnO below 5g, but was nearly affected with initial pH of two tar colorants aqueous solution. Ammonium persulfate was more effective oxidant than potassium bromate which slightly increased the degradation of BBF, but not increased the degradation of TTZ. The photocatalytic degradation rates of BBF and TTZ were pseudo-first order with rate constants of 0.0066, 0.0092 and $0.015min^{-1}$ for BBF, 0.042, 0.017 and $0.110min^{-1}$ for TTZ at the dosage of 1, 2 and 5g ZnO, respectively.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2017

The valorization of domestic wastes becomes a very important research axis that can reduce the energy consumption and protect our environment. The objective of this study is to remove zinc ions from wastewater by using banana peels after their activation as sensor in the working electrode for an environmental application. Banana peels were dried, crushed and treated with sulfuric acid then mixed with polyaniline to improve their electrical conductivity. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used for electrochemistry tests. The obtained voltammogramms at well optimized conditions of applied potential of -1.3 V/SCE and initial zinc concentration of 0.2M during 2 hours of electrolysis, showed the reduction peak of the zinc at a potential of -1.14 V/SCE, which confirmed the activity of this electrode. The modeling of experimental data revealed that the adsorption was fitted by the Langmuir isotherm with a maximal adsorption capacity of 3.4188 mg/g. Changes in the structure of the powder after the electrosorption was noticed by SEM and EDX. Finally, the dosage of the electrolytic solution showed a diminution of the zinc concentration with yield of 99.99%.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 1992

The influence of selenium to several toxic effects of cadmum, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium, zinc and seleniurm Five groups of rats, each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups, 4 rats for each subgroup. After subcutaneous pretreatment during 5 days with saline, CdCl$_{2}$ (0.5mg/kg, ZnCl$_{2}$ (13.0mg/kg) and $Na_{2}SeO_{3}$(1.0mg/kg), rats were given intraperitioneal administration of various dosage of or cadium of cadmium and selenium. After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein(MT) concentrations were determined in liver and kidney The concentration of cadmium in liver and kideny increased proportionally to the increase of challenge dosage. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and selenium significantly more decrease cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney than those of the administration of cadmium only. However, MT concentrations in liver and kideny were increased by the pretreatment of cacmium, zinc and selenium. Our results suggest that increasing cadmium concentrations, gradully accumulating in the tissues of liver and kidney as a result of the pretreatment, served to induced the synthesis of MT, thus making them resistant to the challenge from cadmium.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.77-92
• /
• 2022

Aquaculture development is based on the ideas of increasing production while reducing economic losses. Bacterial diseases are the leading source of fish cases. Citrobacter freundii has been linked to septicemia and mortality all over the world. In the current study, the cause of mortality in O. niloticus was C. freundii MW279218. External hemorrhages were seen on the affected fish, as well as paleness in the liver and kidney congestion. C. freundii MW279218 had a median lethal dosage of 1.5×10⁵ CFU/mL. Zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were tested for their biocidal effectiveness against C. freundii MW279218. The lethal effect of ZnO-NPs for C. freundii MW279218 was 100% when compared to zinc oxide compound, and the inhibition zone width was 2.31.1mm at the highest tested concentrations (70 mg/L) compared to the lowest (35 and 45 mg/L, respectively). Fish were fed three different diets for 28 days: diet 1 (no additives), diet 2 (100 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg of feed), and diet 3 (200 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg of feed). Organs were also collected for histopathology 96 hours after injection (P<0.05). In the groups given 200 mg of ZnO-NPs, there was 10% mortality and 80% RPS. The group fed 100 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg, on the other hand, had 20% mortality and 60% RPS, compared to 50% mortality in the control positive group. Histopathological examinations demonstrated significant alterations in the control positive group and mild lesions in the hepatopancreas of the groups administered 100 mg ZnO-NPs/kg of feed. The groups fed 200 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg diet, on the other hand, showed no histological alterations. ZnO-NPs were found to be effective in the up regulation of both IL-10 and complement 5 immune-related genes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.1006-1012
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate effects of zinc (Zn) bearing palygorskite (ZnPal) supplementation on growth performance, hepatic mineral content, and antioxidant status of broilers at early age. Methods: A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were allocated into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 8 chicks each. Birds in 5 treatments were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control group; Analyzed Zn content: 81 mg/kg), 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnPal for 21 days, respectively. Blood, liver and intestinal mucosa were collected at 21 days of age. Results: Treatments did not affect growth performance of broilers during the 21-day study (p>0.05). The contents of hepatic Zn and magnesium (Mg) were linearly increased (p<0.001) by ZnPal supplementation. ZnPal inclusion linearly (p = 0.007) reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in liver increased linearly (p = 0.001) with concentration of ZnPal in diet. ZnPal inclusion linearly (p = 0.036) and quadratically (p = 0.005) increased T-SOD activity, and linearly (p = 0.012) increased copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) activity in jejunal mucosa. The maximum responses of hepatic and jejunal antioxidant enzymes activities (T-SOD and Cu/Zn SOD) were found when supplementing the basal diet with 60 mg/kg Zn as ZnPal. Furthermore, ZnPal supplementation quadratically (p = 0.001) increased Cu/Zn SOD activity in ileal mucosa, and its maximum activity was observed in the diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg Zn as ZnPal. Conclusion: ZnPal supplementation did not alter growth performance of broilers. Dietary ZnPal inclusion could increase concentrations of hepatic trace minerals (Zn and Mg) and inhibit lipid peroxidation by reducing serum MDA accumulation, with the optimal dosage of Zn from ZnPal being 80 mg/kg diet (analyzed Zn content in the diet: 165 mg/kg), and 60 mg/kg Zn as ZnPal (analyzed Zn content in the diet: 148 mg/kg) was the optimum dosage for broilers to achieve maximum antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 1996

Possible yeast strains that could be used as feed for aquaculture were studied. It was shown that the maximum specific growth rate and the biomass yield of Kluyveromyces fragilis yeast and Candida utilis yeast under optimum pH and temperature were much higher than those of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast which had been as established yeast diet for rotifer culture. Hence, this work was focussed on the growth characteristics of the two yeasts through flask dultures for mass production. With 5% inoculum dosage, the best values of $\mu$$_{max}$ and OD$_{max}$ were obtained with on 2.5% fructose medium and 2% YE medium for K. fragilis and C. utilis, respectively, where the values of $\mu$$_{max}$ and OD$_{max}$ were found to be 0.73 hr$^{-1}$ and 3.00 for K. fragilis and 0.59 hr$^{-1}$ and 2.80 for C. utilis. It was also found that the lag phase of the growth incresed with increasing initial zinc and NaCl concentrations and decreased with increasing inoculum dosage. Both yeasts could survive relatively well at 3.5% NaCl concentration, and only C. utilis yeast could utilize zinc.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1995

Tolerance to toxic effects of cadmium(Cd), including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity. Three groups of rats(A, B, C), each consisting of 52 rats, were studied and each group was divided into three subgroups(1,2,3), 28 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with saline(A), $CdCl_2$(0.5 mg/kg, B), and $ZnCl_2$(13.0 mg/kg, C) during time periods of 5 days. At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$(3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. As for the cadmium levels in rat tissues after 1,3,5,6 days of pretreatments, it was highest in the liver. Then kidney, heart, blood and muscle followed it in that order. After 24, 48 and 96 hours of intraperitoneal injection by challenge doses the concentration of cadmium in liver and kidney increased proportionally to the increase of challenge dosage. However metallothioneins in liver and kidney were increased by the pretreatment of cadmium and zinc. These data indicate the liver is a major target-organ of acute Cd poisoning, and suggest that cadmium induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity observed in response to short-term exposure to cadmium. This result suggest that increasing cadmium concentrations, gradually accumulating in liver and kidney as the result of the pretreatment, served to induce the synthesis of metallothionein, thus making them resistant to the challenge from cadmium.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.13 no.1_2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride on the acute and chronic toxicity on rats. Several toxic effects of cadmium has been shown following short-term and longterm pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. Four groups of rats (A, B, C, D), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with $CdCl_2$ (0.5 mg/kg, A & C), and $ZnCl_2$ (13.0 mg/kg, B & D) during time periods of 1 weeks (group A & B) and 6 weeks (group C & D). At the end of the period, rats were challenged with $CdCl_2$ (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, i.p.). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein(MT) concentrations were determined. The concentrations of cadmium were higher in the liver than the kidney irrelevantly to cadmium and zinc pretreatment and increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. The metallothioneins showed higher concentrations in the liver than the kidney following cadmium pretreatment and were higher in the long-term pretreatment groups than the short-term pretreatment groups in the liver and the kidney of rats. These data suggest that metallothioneins are induced preferentially in the liver by pretreatment of cadmium and then, formed in the form of Cd-MT, may play an important role in the nephrotoxicity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2024

Alizarin dye, a persistent and hazardous contaminant in aquatic environments, presents a pressing environmental concern. In the quest for efficient removal methods, adsorption has emerged as a versatile and sustainable approach. This study focuses on the development and application of Zinc Oxide/Nickel Oxide (ZnO/NiO) nano-composites as adsorbents for alizarin dye removal. These semiconducting metal oxide nano-composites exhibit synergistic properties, offering enhanced adsorption capabilities. Key parameters affecting alizarin removal, such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature, were systematically investigated. Notably, the ZnO/NiO nano-composite demonstrated superior performance, with a maximum alizarin removal percentage of 76.9 % at pH 6. The adsorption process followed a monolayer pattern, as suggested by the Langmuir model. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model provided a good fit to the experimental data. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process is endothermic and thermodynamically favorable. These findings underscore the potential of ZnO/NiO nano-composites as effective and sustainable adsorbents for alizarin dye removal, with promising applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.