• 제목/요약/키워드: Zinc deficiency

검색결과 110건 처리시간 0.031초

Physicians' Understanding of Nutritional Factors Determining Brain Development and Cognition in the Middle East and Africa

  • Vandenplas, Yvan;Rakhecha, Aditya;Edris, Amira;Shaaban, Bassel;Tawfik, Eslam;Bashiri, Fahad A.;AlAql, Fahd;Alsabea, Hassan;Haddad, Joseph;Barbary, Mohammed El;Salah, Mohamed;Abouelyazid, Mohamed;Kumar, Mudit;Alsaad, Sulaiman
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.536-544
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: Proper nutrition is essential for brain development during infancy, contributing to the continued development of cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional skills throughout life. Considering the insufficient published data in the Middle East and North Africa, experts drafted a questionnaire to assess the opinions and knowledge of physicians on the impact of nutrition on brain development and cognition in early life. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of two parts: The first focused on the responders' demographic and professional characteristics and the second questioned the role of nutrition in brain development and cognition. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents' characteristics and their responses to questions. Results: A total of 1,500 questionnaires were distributed; 994 physicians responded. The majority of the surveyed physicians (64.4%) felt that nutrition impacts brain development in early childhood (0-4 years), with almost 90% of physicians agreeing/strongly agreeing that preventing iron, zinc, and iodine deficiency would improve global intelligence quotient. The majority of physicians (83%) agreed that head circumference was the most important measure of brain development. The majority of physicians (68.9%) responded that the period from the last trimester until 18 months postdelivery was crucial for brain growth and neurodevelopment, with 76.8% believing that infants breast-fed by vegan mothers have an increased risk of impaired brain development. Conclusion: The results of this study show that practicing physicians significantly agree that nutrition plays an important role in brain and cognitive development and function in early childhood, particularly during the last trimester until 18 months postdelivery.

Cereblon Deletion Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Proinflammatory Cytokines through 5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase/Heme Oxygenase-1 Activation in ARPE-19 Cells

  • Yun Kyu Kim;Soo Chul Chae;Hun Ji Yang;Da Eun An;Sion Lee;Myeong Gu Yeo;Kyung Jin Lee
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.26.1-26.9
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    • 2020
  • Cereblon (CRBN), a negative modulator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), is highly expressed in the retina. We confirmed the expression of CRBN in ARPE-19 human retinal cells by Western blotting. We also demonstrated that CRBN knock-down (KD) could effectively downregulate IL-6 and MCP-1 protein and gene expression in LPS-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, CRBN KD increased the phosphorylation of AMPK/acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, CRBN KD significantly reduced LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and activation of NF-κB promoter activity. However, these processes could be inactivated by compound C (inhibitor of AMPK) and zinc protoporphyrin-1 (ZnPP-1; inhibitor of HO-1). In conclusion, compound C and ZnPP-1 can rescue LPS-induced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MCP-1) in CRBN KD ARPE-19 cells. Our data demonstrate that CRBN deficiency negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokines via the activation of AMPK/HO-1 in the retina.

아토피피부염 영아의 영양장애 사례보고와 채식주의에 관한 고찰 (Marasmus and Kwashiorkor by Nutritional Ignorance Related to Vegetarian Diet and Infants with Atopic Dermatitis in South Korea)

  • 정상진;한영신;정승원;안강모;박화영;이상일;조영연;최혜미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제37권7호
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    • pp.540-549
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    • 2004
  • Infants and children with food related Atopic Dermatitis (AD) need extra dietary efforts to maintain optimal nutrition due to food restriction to prevent allergy reactions. However, nutrition ignorance and food faddism make patients even more confused and practice desirable diet more difficult. The objective of this study was to report the AD patients' malnutrition cases in Korea. We report on 2 cases of severe nutritional deficiency caused by consuming macrobiotic diets which avoid processed foods and most animal foods, i.e. one of vegetarian diet. Case 1, a 12-month-old male child, was admitted with severe marasmus. Because of a history of AD, he was started on mixed grain porridge at 3 months without any breast milk or formula feeding. His caloric intake was 66% and protein intake was 69% of the recommended dietary allowance. Patient's height and weight was under 3th percentile. On admission the patient was unable to crawl or roll over. Case 2, a 9-month-old AD female patient, was diagnosed with kwashiorkor and rickets. She was also started on mixed grain porridge at 100 days due to AD. Her caloric intake has been satisfied recommended dietary allowance until 7 months, however, she conducted sauna bath therapy and reduced both energy and protein intake at 8 months. The amount of protein intake for case 2 was higher than recommended dietary allowance, but, sauna therapy and severe AD with intakes of low guality protein may increase patient's protein requirement resulting in kwashiorkor. Case 2 patient's height and weight was on 3th percentile. Both cases showed low intake of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin E and especially very low intake of vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin D. Allergy tests for certain foods had not done prior to admission for both cases. They followed the dietary advise operated by macrobiotic diet internet site. In conclusion, AD infants' parents and caregivers should contact a pediatrician trained as a specialist in allergy for accurate diagnosis. For infant patients, breast or formula feeding including hypoallergenic formula should be continued until their one year of age. When certain foods need to be restricted or to follow special diets such as vegetarian diet, consultation with pediatrician and dietitian is needed.d.

Variation of Urinary and Serum Trace Elements (Ca, Zn, Cu, Se) in Bladder Carcinoma in China

  • Guo, Kun-Feng;Zhang, Zhe;Wang, Jun-Yong;Gao, Sheng-Lin;Liu, Jiao;Zhan, Bo;Chen, Zhi-Peng;Kong, Chui-Ze
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.2057-2061
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    • 2012
  • Backgrounds: Deficiency or excess of trace elements can induce body metabolic disorders and cellular growth disturbance, even mutation and cancerization. Since there are few studies of the effect of trace elements in bladder carcinoma in China, the aim of this study was thus to assess variation using a case control approach. Methods: To determine this, 81 patients with bladder carcinoma chosen as a study group and 130 healthy persons chosen as a control group were all assayed for urinary and serum trace elements (calcium [Ca], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], selenium [Se]) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the results were analyzed by independent sample t tests. The correlative factors on questionnaires answered by all persons were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The results showed urinary Ca, Zn and serum Cu levels of the study group to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of he control group. Serum Ca and Se levels of study group were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of control group. Conclusion: There were higher urinary Zn and serum Cu concentrations in bladder carcinoma cases. Bladder carcinoma may be associated with Ca metabolic disorder, leading to higher urinary Ca and lower serum Ca. Low serum Se and smoking appear to be other risk factors for bladder carcinoma in China.

12주 동안의 저열량식사와 행동수정요법이 비만여성의 체격지수와 생화학적 영양상태에 미치는 영향 (Effect of 12-week Low Calorie Diet and Behavior Modification on the Anthropomeric Indices and Biochemical Nutritional Status of Obese Woman)

  • 손숙미;김희준
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.525-535
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 3 week low calorie diet (LCD) and a 9 week of behavior modification (BM) program on the weight loss, mineral and vitamin status in 22 obese women. The subject were healthy, obese (PIBW> $120\%$) women aged 20 - 50 Yr and not taking any medications known to influence body composition, mineral or vitamin metabolism During the LCD program, subjects were provided commercial liquid formulas with 125 kcal per pack and were instructed to have a formula for replacement of one meal and at least one regular meal per day within the range of daily 800 - 1200 kcal intake. During the BM program the subjects weekly attended the group nutrition counseling session to encourage themselves to modify their eating behavior and spontaneously restrict their energy intakes. The BM program focused on stimulus control, control of portion sizes and modification of binge eating and other adverse habits. The initial mean energy intake of subjects was 2016.9 $\pm$ 129.8 kcal ($100.8\%$ of RDA) and dropped to 1276.5 $\pm$ 435.7 kcal at the end of a 3 week of LCD program and elevated to 1762 $\pm$ 329.3 kcal at the end of a 9 week of BM program. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes were significantly decreased at the end of the LCD but carbohydrate was the only macro nutrient that showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) at the end of the BM program compared to baseline. Calcium and iron intakes decreased significantly (p < 0.01, respectively) with no significant changes in other micronutrients at the end of the LCD. The mean weight of the subjects decreased from 73.8 $\pm$ 8.0 kg to 69.2 $\pm$ 7.7 kg with LCD and ended up with 67.7 $\pm$ 7.1 kg after 9 weeks of BM. The 3 weeks of LCD reduced most of the anthropometric indices such as BMI, PIBW, fat weight, wast-to-hip ratio and subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thickness. The 9 weeks of behavior modification showed slight change or maintenance of each anthropometric measurements. Weight loss and decreased WHR with the diet program induced significantly decreased systolic blood pressure. SGOT, SGPT and serum insulin levels with improved serum lipid profiles. Biochemical parameters related to iron status such as hemoglobin, hematocrit were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at the end of the LCD. But their mean values were within normal range. The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin $D_3$ level significantly increased after whole diet program. Serum folate level significantly decreased after 12 weeks of diet program. In conclusion 3 weeks of LCD brought 4.6 kg reduction in body weight without risk of iron, zinc or vitamin D deficiency and 9 weeks of the BM was effective to maintain nutritional status with slightly more weight reduction (1.5 kg). However calcium intake and serum folate should be monitored during the LCD and BM because of increased risk of deficiencies.

Meal skipping habits and nutritional status among Ghanaian students living in Korea

  • Dzatse, Monica E.;Kim, Eun-kyung;Kim, Hyesook;Kim, Hyejin;Vijayakumar, Aswathy;Chang, Namsoo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.376-382
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The consistent rise in the number of foreign students in Korea demands an accurate and detailed investigation into their dietary practices and nutritional status. For these international students, assimilation into new cultures can be stressful. The influence this process may have on dietary behaviors as well as overall health cannot be overlooked. Methods: The researchers in this study sought to investigate the nutritional status and dietary practices of Ghanaian students studying in Korea. A total of 81 Ghanaian male students with an average age of $29.4{\pm}4.0years$ were sampled between May and June 2016. Investigations were carried out on the general characteristics of the participants, their daily food and nutrient intakes using a 24-h dietary recall method, meal skipping practices, and the nutritional quality of their diets based on their meal skipping habits. Results: The study revealed that the daily nutrient intake of subjects did not fully meet the daily recommended nutrient intake (RNI) established by Ghanaian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), particularly for energy, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B2 requirements. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) for calcium was very low, posing a deficiency risk to the participants. Meal skipping practices among participants changed significantly after arriving in Korea. The study also compared the diet quality indicators (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio and Mean Adequacy Ratio) of those who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ with those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Participants who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ were shown to have lower dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B2 than those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Conclusion: Ultimately, the study found that meal skipping among Ghanaian students was common, and their daily nutrient intakes did not meet the set dietary standards. Those who skipped meals ${\geq}7times/week$ had lower dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B2 than those who skipped meals < 7 times/week. Based on our study findings, we recommend that nutrition education should be organized for the Ghanaian student community in Korea using our results as a template to draw up a nutrition program that is culturally appropriate.

일부 젊은 성인여자의 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo 및 Cr의 식사섭취, 혈청농도 및 소변배설 (Dietary Intakes, Serum Concentrations, and Urinary Excretions of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr of Korean Young Adult Women)

  • 김경희;임현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제39권8호
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, $6.94{\pm}2.18mg$, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn ($9.35{\pm}4.95mg$), Cu ($1.18{\pm}0.26mg$), and Mn ($3.69{\pm}0.69mg$) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, $41.93{\pm}9.28{\mu}g$, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals ($134.0{\pm}49.1\;and\;136.5{\pm}147.9{\mu}g$, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, $88.7{\pm}36.8{\mu}g/dL$, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, $60{\mu}g/dL$. In addition, serum Se concentration, $3.73{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/dL$, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn ($99.6{\pm}30.6{\mu}g/dL$) and Mo ($0.25{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/dL$) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration ($91.6{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/dL$) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn ($0.93{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($8.60{\pm}7.25{\mu}g/dL$). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, $4.48{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/dL$, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, $2.45{\pm}1.17{\mu}g/dL$, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn ($42.95{\pm}20.47{\mu}g/dL$) and Cu ($5.68{\pm}1.50{\mu}g/dL$) were flirty good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, $0.31{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/dL$, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo ($7.48{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($1.37{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and flirty good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.

CRIP1결손조건 하에서 Salmonella Typhimurium 감염에 의해 유도되는 면역반응에 관한 연구 (Research on Immune Responses Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infectionin CRIP1-Deficient Condition)

  • 서동주;이세희;박선;김혜윤;양진영
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.48-58
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    • 2024
  • 살모넬라는 일반적으로 식품에 의해 전파되고 심각한 공중보건 문제를 야기하는 병원성 미생물로, 살모넬라에 대한 숙주의 감수성을 결정하는데 숙주의 유전적 요소가 중요한 역할을 담당한다. Cysteine-rich intestinal protein1 (CRIP1)은 LIM/double zinc finger protein family에 속하는 단백질로, 인간의 소화관과 폐, 비장을 포함한 인체 전반적인 부위에서 폭넓게 발현된다. 최근 CRIP1은 여러 면역 질환의 핵심적인 마커로서 보고되고 있지만, 숙주의 세균 감염에 대한 CRIP1의 영향은 아직 알려진 바가 없다. 살모넬라는 CRIP1 유전자를 굉장히 높은 수준으로 발현하는 소장의 파이엘반 내로 침입한다고 잘 알려져 있기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 살모넬라 감염과 CRIP1 결핍 간의 상관관계를 규명하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 우리는 ex vivo 분화 실험을 통해서 CRIP1 결핍은 골수-유래 대식세포의 식세포작용과 골수-유래 수지상세포의 보조자극 인자의 활성을 변화시키지 않는다는 것을 발견하였다. 게다가, 유세포 분석 데이터를 통해 야생형 마우스와 CRIP1 유전자 결핍 마우스 간의 MHCII+CD11b+ CD11c+ 수지상세포 및 MHCII+F4/80+CD11b+ 대식세포가 비슷한 수준을 나타낸다는 것을 보여주었다. 흥미롭게도, 비장의 단핵구와 장간막 림프절의 호중구의 기저 수준은 야생형 마우스보다 CRIP1 유전자 결핍 마우스에서 더욱 풍부하게 나타났다. 요약하자면, 우리는 CRIP1이 Salmonella Typhimurium 감염에 대한 숙주의 감수성과 골수성 세포의 활성에 불필요한 유전자임을 명확하게 증명하였다. 또한, 항원에 노출되지 않은 CRIP1 유전자 결핍 마우스에서 나타난 면역세포의 각기 다른 비율은 CRIP1 유전자의 발현 조절이 다양한 감염성 질환에 대한 새로운 면역치료 접근법일 수 있음을 시사한다.

수영만 인근해수의 오탁분포에 대하여 (DISTRIBUTION OF SOME CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS IN SUYEONG BAY)

  • 원종훈;이배정
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 1979
  • 수영만 해역에 있어서 오탁이 어느 정도 어느 범위까지 확산되어 있는 가를 파악하기 위하여 탁도, 수명도, 영양염류, 용존산소, 중금속류, pH, 염화이온, 황산물, n-헥산가용물질들을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대조시가 소조시보다 각성분량의 변동범위도 크고 평균값도 높았다. 2. 수영강에서 유입되는 육수는 대조시에는 거의 전해역에 확산되어 있고, 소조시에는 수영강 하구역에만 확산되어 있다. 3. 해역별로 보면 수영강 하구 해역인 A해역이 각 성분량의 변동범위도 크고 평균값도 컸으며, B, C, D해역순으로 육수의 영향이 적었다. 4. 수영강 하구의 A해역은 수산용수로서는 적합하지 않다. 전해역의 탁도, COD값도 일본 수산용수 기준치보다 높았다. 5. 수영만은 COD값이 높고 중금속중 철, 구리 및 수은의 농도가 높았으며, 이들은 수영강에서 유입되는 것이다. 6. 암모니아, 아질산염, 질산염, 인산염은 수영강에서만 유입되는 것이 아니고, 수영만 인접 주택지역에서도 많은 량이 유입된다. 7. 해운대해수용장수질에는 수영강의 오탁은 영향을 미치지 않는다. 이 조사를 하는데 있어 많은 수고를 해준 수질분석실 여러분에게 감사드립니다.

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아연 폐광산에 식생도입을 위한 유기성 토양 개량제의 처리효과 (Effects of Organic Amendments on Introducing Pioneer Herbaceous Plants in the Abandoned Zinc Mine Soil Revegetation)

  • 김대연;이상환;정진호;김정규
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2006
  • 휴 폐광산 토양에 안정적인 식생도입 시 고농도의 중금속에 의한 독성과 열악한 물리화학적 토양조건은 주요 제한 인자가 됨은 주지의 사실이다. 중금속의 안정화를 목적으로 도입되는 식물의 안정적인 활착을 위해서는 중금속 급성 독성의 경감 및 토양의 물리화학적 특성의 개량이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 쑥과 잔디를 이용하여 중금속 오염 토양의 안정화할 때 토양개량제로 돈분퇴비 ($75{\sim}225$ Mg/ha)와 도시하수슬러지 ($150{\sim}450$ Mg/ha)의 처리효과를 살펴보고자 포트 (pot) 실험을 수행하였다. 광산토양에 개량제를 처리한 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 쑥과 잔디의 초기 생존율 및 생장량이 크게 증가하였고, 퇴비보다는 슬러지 처리구에서 생육개선 효과가 높았다. 중금속의 식물 체내로의 흡수이행에 있어서는 쑥과 잔디 모두 지상부보다는 지하부에 중금속이 축적되는 양상을 보였고, 슬러지 처리 토양에서 재배된 쑥과 잔디의 체내 중금속 농도가 낮은 것으로 나타나 개량제간 중금속의 생물학적 유효도에 미치는 영향이 다름을 확인할 수 있었다. 토양 개량제 처리에 의해 카드뮴, 아연, 구리 모두 생물학적 유효도가 낮은 형태로 이행하는 것으로 나타났다. 토양 중 중금속의 존재형태에 있어 식물재배 전후의 변화를 측정한 결과 재배 후 토양에서 대체적으로 잔류상 형태, 산화물결합 형태, 및 치환성 형태 함량은 고르게 감소하였고, 유기물결합 형태 함량은 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 아연의 유기물결합 형태의 비율은 쑥의 경우 7.84% 에서 13.58%, 잔디의 경우 7.84% 에서 14.16% 으로 증가하여 중금속에 대한 유효도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 퇴비, 슬러지 등의 토양개량제 처리가 그 자체로서 토양중 중금속의 안정화 효과가 있음은 물론 식물안정화를 위해 도입되는 식물의 생육 개선에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.