• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2014

In textile industry, needs for various weave drafts have been increased to produce high qualified textile goods. One of disadvantages of traditional textile industry was spending time and money on manual sampling. Nowadays, however, weave draft design and sampling using CAD programs reduce these consumption efficiently. Therefore, this study aimed to provide high qualified woven fabrics by weave draft designs influenced by geometric patterns. First, We analyzed geometric patterns, except for dot, stripe, and checks, in fashion collections from 2009 to 2014 S/S. Then, based on these analyses, design concepts were decided. Third, weave drafts influenced by geometric patterns were designed with weave CAD program, TEX PRO 10.0 by Youngwoo CNI inc. Forth, We simulated fabrics woven by new drafts using CAD programs, depending on fibers, yarns, density of woven, colors, and finishes. Unclassified geometric patterns would be expressed by small size patterns that influenced by retro moods, square patterns with various color variation, zigzag lines, and pieces of puzzles. Three design concepts were decided as greenness, neoclassic, and romantic chic. Thus, geometric patterns for printing were created as drafts for general looms, and one repeat of each draft were provided. According to the design concepts, we designed 13 fabrics with 4 geometric patterns weaving drafts. All Drafts were designed with CAD programs. Finally, same drafts were simulated as woven fabrics for both S/S and F/W seasons by changing each element, such as fiber, yarns, density, colors, and finishes.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2010

Adsorption of a water molecule on a Si (001) surface and its dissociation were studied using density functional theory to study the distribution of -OH fragments on the Si surface. The Si (001) surface was composed of Si dimers, which buckle in a zigzag pattern below the order-disorder transition temperature to reduce the surface energy. When a water molecule approached the Si surface, the O atom of the water molecule favored the down-buckled Si atom, and the H atom of the water molecule favored the up-buckled Si atom. This is explained by the attractions between the negatively charged O of the water and the positively charged down-buckled Si atom and between the positively charged H of the water and the negatively charged up-buckled Si atom. Following the adsorption of the first water molecule on the surface, a second water molecule adsorbed on either the inter-dimer or intra-dimer site of the Si dimer. The dipole-dipole interaction of the two adsorbed water molecules led to the formation of the water dimer, and the dissociation of the water molecules occurred easily below the order-disorder transition temperature. Therefore, the 1/2 monolayer of -OH on the water-terminated Si (001) surface shows a regular distribution. The results shed light on the atomic layer deposition process of alternate gate dielectric materials, such as $HfO_2$.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1998

Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (SEMPA) was used to image the surface magnetic domain structure of the 100 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick 3% Si-Fe sheet. The thin-gauged 3% Si-Fe strips with magnetic induction ($B_{10}$) from 1.98 to 1.57 Tesla were prepared via conventional metallurgical processes including melting, hot-and cold-rolling, intermediate annealing and final annealing. Using SEMPA, it was observed that the $B_{10}$ (1.98 T) Tesla sample was almost composed of 180$^{\circ}$ stripe domains which are parallel to rolling direction. On the other hand the 3% Si-Fe sheet with $B_{10}$ (1.57 T) Tesla was composed of large 180$^{\circ}$stripe domains that are slanted about 30$^{\circ}$to the rolling direction and complex magnetic domain structures like tree and zigzag pattern. The 180$^{\circ}$stripe domains, which covered a major part of the sample, had (110)<001> Goss texture parallel to the rolling direction. The domain walls between 180$^{\circ}$stripe domains were the conventional Bloch type walls. On the other hand, the 90$^{\circ}$domains, which covered minor part on edge of the sample, were observed in (200) grains. The domain walls between 90$^{\circ}$domains were the Neel type walls. In high magnification, the elliptical singularity at the Neel walls was clearly observed.

• 천문학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2021

We investigate 20 post-coronal mass ejection (CME) blobs formed in the post-CME current sheet (CS) that were observed by K-Cor on 2017 September 10. By visual inspection of the trajectories and projected speed variations of each blob, we find that all blobs except one show irregular "zigzag" trajectories resembling transverse oscillatory motions along the CS, and have at least one oscillatory pattern in their instantaneous radial speeds. Their oscillation periods are ranging from 30 to 91 s and their speed amplitudes from 128 to 902 km s-1. Among 19 blobs, 10 blobs have experienced at least two cycles of radial speed oscillations with different speed amplitudes and periods, while 9 blobs undergo one oscillation cycle. To examine whether or not the apparent speed oscillations can be explained by vortex shedding, we estimate the quantitative parameter of vortex shedding, the Strouhal number, by using the observed lateral widths, linear speeds, and oscillation periods of the blobs. We then compare our estimates with theoretical and experimental results from MHD simulations and fluid dynamic experiments. We find that the observed Strouhal numbers range from 0.2 to 2.1, consistent with those (0.15-3.0) from fluid dynamic experiments of bluff spheres, while they are higher than those (0.15-0.25) from MHD simulations of cylindrical shapes. We thus find that blobs formed in a post-CME CS undergo kinematic oscillations caused by fluid dynamic vortex shedding. The vortex shedding is driven by the interaction of the outward-moving blob having a bluff spherical shape with the background plasma in the post-CME CS.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1998

Molinate를 경엽처리한 후 10일째 재배양식별 초장을 측정한 결과 건답직파조건에서 표면 및 토중파종벼의 초장은 각각 38%, 6% 억제되어 표면파종벼 초장억제가 더 크게 나타났고 피는 46%로 크게 억제었다. 직파조건에서 벼의 초장은 이앙벼에 비해 더 크게 억제되었고 토중직파벼보다 표면직파벼에서 더 큰 억제경향을 보였다. 한편 피의 초장은 벼보다 더 크게 감소되었고 건답조건의 피보단 담수조건의 피에서 molinate 처리에 따른 억제경향이 더 크게 나타났다. 건답조건에서의 벼의 근장은 0~6%, 담수직파조건에서 3~5% 그리고 이앙벼에서는 11%로 비교적 경미한 억제를 보였으나 두 재배조건에서 피의 근장억제율은 각각 30% 및 40%로 건답조선보다 담수조건에서 더 크게 억제되었다. Molinate처리에 따른 해부학적 특성 변화를 검토하기 위해 재배조건별 채취된 벼와 피를 종단하여 생장점(SA : Shoot apex)과 엽초(LS : leaf sheath) 내의 엽시원체(LP : leaf primordia)를 관찰한 결과 molinate 처리후 10일째 건답 및 담수직파조건에서 두 벼의 생장점 및 엽시원체의 해부학적 특성은 무처리에 대비하여 큰 변화가 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 두 조건의 피에서는 지상부생장의 억제(inhibition) 및 지연(정지 : retardation)에 따른 비정상석인 생장유도로 생장점을 제외한 엽시원체의 신장이 신엽(新葉)으로 전개되지 못하고 zig-zag pattern으로 엽초내에서 뒤틀려지는 양상을 발견할 수 있었으며 이러한 경향은 건답조건에서보다 담수조건에서 더 크게 나타났다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: Maximizing human comfort in design of medical environments depends immensely on specialized architects particularly critical care design; the study proposes Evidence-Based Design as an apparent analog to Evidence-Based Medicine. Healthcare facility designs are substantially based on the findings of study in an effort to design environments that augment care by improving patient safety and being therapeutic. On SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) t-test is applied to simulate two independent variables of PDR (Pre Design-Research) and POE (Post- Occupancy Evaluation). PDR is conducted on relatively new hospital Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital to analyse visibility from researchers' point of view, here the ICU is arranged in I-Shape. POE is applied on Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital to simulate walking on LogWare where two NS are designed based on L- Shape and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea where five NS are functional for ICU Intensive Care Unit, Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Critical Care Unit (CCU), Korean Oriental Medical Care Unit which are mostly arranged in U-Shape, and walking pattern is recognized to be in a zigzag path. Method: T-Test is applied on two dependent communication variables: walkability and visibility, with confidence interval of 95%. This study systematically analyses the Nurse Station (NS) typo-morphology, and simulates nurse horizontal circulation, by computing round route visits to patient's bed, then estimating minimum round route on LogWare stop sequence software. The visual connectivity is measured on depth map graphs. Hence the aim is to reduce staff stress and fatigue for better patients care by minimizing staff horizontal travel time and to facilitate nurse walk path and support space distribution by increasing effectiveness in delivering care. Result: Applying visibility graph and isovist field on space syntax on I- Shape, L- Shape and U- Shape ICU (SICU, MICU and CCU) configuration, I-shape facilitated 20% more patients in linear view as they stir to rise from their beds from nurse station compared to U-shape. In conclusion, it was proved that U-Shape supply minimum walking and maximum visibility; and L shape provides just visibility as the nurse is at pivot. I shape provides panoramic view from the Nurse Station but very rigorous walking.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2011

Mapping of artificial levee lines, one of major tasks in river zone mapping, is critical to prevention of river flood, protection of environments and eco systems in river zones. Thus, mapping of artificial levee lines is essential for management and development of river zones. Coastal mapping including river zone mapping has been historically carried out using surveying technologies. Photogrammetry, one of the surveying technologies, is recently used technology for national river zone mapping in Korea. Airborne laser scanning has been used in most advanced countries for coastal mapping due to its ability to penetrate shallow water and its high vertical accuracy. Due to these advantages, use of LiDAR data in coastal mapping is efficient for monitoring and predicting significant topographic change in river zones. This paper introduces a method for construction of a 3D artificial levee line using a set of LiDAR points that uses normal vectors. Multiple steps are involved in this method. First, a 2.5-dimensional Delaunay triangle mesh is generated based on three nearest-neighbor points in the LiDAR data. Second, a median filtering is applied to minimize noise. Third, edge selection algorithms are applied to extract break edges from a Delaunay triangle mesh using two normal vectors. In this research, two methods for edge selection algorithms using hypothesis testing are used to extract break edges. Fourth, intersection edges which are extracted using both methods at the same range are selected as the intersection edge group. Fifth, among intersection edge group, some linear feature edges which are not suitable to compose a levee line are removed as much as possible considering vertical distance, slope and connectivity of an edge. Sixth, with all line segments which are suitable to constitute a levee line, one river levee line segment is connected to another river levee line segment with the end points of both river levee line segments located nearest horizontally and vertically to each other. After linkage of all the river levee line segments, the initial river levee line is generated. Since the initial river levee line consists of the LiDAR points, the pattern of the initial river levee line is being zigzag along the river levee. Thus, for the last step, a algorithm for smoothing the initial river levee line is applied to fit the initial river levee line into the reference line, and the final 3D river levee line is constructed. After the algorithm is completed, the proposed algorithm is applied to construct the 3D river levee line in Zng-San levee nearby Ham-Ahn Bo in Nak-Dong river. Statistical results show that the constructed river levee line generated using a proposed method has high accuracy in comparison to the ground truth. This paper shows that use of LiDAR data for construction of the 3D river levee line for river zone mapping is useful and efficient; and, as a result, it can be replaced with ground surveying method for construction of the 3D river levee line.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

스쿠티카섬모충이 사육중인 자주복에 침입하였을 때 감염어의 외부증상, 행동특성 및 피부, 아가미 그리고 혈관내 충체의 분포 양상을 조사하였다. 스쿠티카섬모충에 감염된 개체는 초기에 체색 변화나 유영행동 등의 외부증상을 인지할 수 없었으나, 몸체에 감염부위가 병리적인 진행에 따라 표피와 지느러미에 발적과 부식, 그리고 궤양증상을 보였다. 또한 감염어는 정상개체와 달리 무리에서 이탈하여 선회 또는 저면에 멈춰 있거나 수면 위로 입올림 하였으며, 일부 개체에서는 돌발적인 유영도 보였다. 사육중인 자주복에 침입한 스쿠티카섬모충은 타원형으로 크기가 20-40 ${\mu}m$ 범위였고, 몸체의 미부에 수축포와 10-12 ${\mu}m$되는 하나의 긴 섬모가 개재되어 있으며, 생식방법은 이분열로 증식하여 형태분류학적인 측면에서 막구충아강 채찍섬모충목의 특색을 나타내었다. 아가미에 스쿠티카섬모충이 감염된 경우에는 아가미 새판상피의 비대로 새엽이 곤봉화 되는 병리적 현상이 있었다. 혈관 속에 침입한 스쿠티카섬모충들은 혈관의 직경 크기에 따라 1-2마리에서 많게는 9-10마리씩 산재하였고, 그들 중 일부 개체에서 적혈구 세포를 섭취한 스쿠티카섬모충이 관찰되었다.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-85
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• 2004

일본(日本)의 각 박물관에 소장 혹은 기탁되고 있는 감지금니의 네 권의 고려사경 "대방광불화엄경(大方廣佛華嚴經)"은 표지화에서 독특한 양식을 나타내고 있다. 고려시대 사경표지화는 일반적으로 3개 혹은 4개의 연화를 당초문양이 지그재그로 감고 있는데 비해, 이들 네 권의 사경은 금니로 그린 10개의 연화(蓮華)를 그린 표지화가 양식적으로 같아, 네 권 중에 그 어느 것에도 발원문은 없지만, 80화엄경 한 질이었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 먼저 네 권의 "대방광불화엄경(大方廣佛華嚴經)" 사경변상화의 내용에 관한 고찰을 하였고, 표지화와 변상화를 통해 양식분석을 행했다. 그 결과 제작연대를 밝힐 수 있었다. 코발트색으로 여래의 보발(寶髮)이 칠해져 있다는 점에서는 충숙왕 13년(1326)인 태정(泰定) 3년(三年)에 발원(發願)한 "문수최상승무생계법(文殊最上乘無生戒法)"의 변상화와 같고, 보발 가운데 그려진 계주와 입술이 완전히 분홍색으로 칠해져 있으며, 귀 얼굴 윤곽선 통견의(通肩衣) 사이로 드러난 가슴의 윤곽선 역시 분홍색이라는 점과 여래의 불안(佛顔)이 금니로 도색(塗色) 되고 있다는 점에서는 일본(日本) 금택(金澤) 대승사(大乘寺) 송강(松江) 천륜사본(天倫寺本)이나 일본(日本) 우하사본(羽賀寺本) 사경변상화에 나타나는 특징과 같다. 그러나 지운문(地雲紋)의 양식은 충숙왕(忠肅王) 부위연간(復位年間)의 작품들과 닮아, 이들 네 권의 사경은 충숙왕(忠肅王) 복위연간의 작품이라는 점을 밝혔다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 최신 압축 기술인 H.264/AVC의 화면내 부호화 효율을 향상시키기 위해 1차원 및 2차원 정수 변환을 이용한 적응적 화면내 부호화 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서는 부호화될 블록에 대해 예측모드에 따라서 1차원 정수 변환과 2차원 정수 변환을 수행한 후 가장 효과적인 예측모드와 정수 변환 방법이 선택된다. 1차원 정수 변환을 이용한 부호화를 수행할 경우에는 먼저 예측모드에 따라 $4{\times}4$ 블록을 $1{\times}4$ 또는 $4{\times}1$의 서브블록으로 분할하고, 각각의 서브블록에 대해 예측을 수행한다. 이때 서브블록들에 대한 예측 신호는 이전의 재생된 서브블록을 이용하여, 예측 방향으로 가장 가까운 신호를 예측에 사용함으로써, 상관성의 활용을 극대화한다. 각각의 서브블록들은 생성된 예측 신호와의 뺄셈 과정을 통해 잔여신호를 생성하고, 1차원 정수 변환 및 양자화 과정을 통해 양자화된 신호를 생성한다. 양자화된 서브블록들은 다시 분할되기 이전의 $4{\times}4$ 블록 단위로 합쳐지고, 예측모드에 따라 DC에 우선 순위를 둔 스캐닝 패턴을 이용하여 1차원으로 정렬된다. 1차원 정수 변환을 사용하여 생성된 해당 블록의 비트스트림이 기존 2차원 정수 변환을 사용하여 생성한 비트스트림과 부호화 효율 측면에서 비교되어, 최종적으로 부호화될 예측모드와 변환 계수가 선택되어 전송된다. 제안 기술은 실험 결과를 통해 다양한 영상과 비트율에서 H.264/AVC보다 평균적으로 BD-PSNR을 0.34dB 향상 또는 BD-bitrate를 4.03% 감소시킴으로써, 기존의 H.264/AVC 부호화 효율을 크게 개선할 수 있음을 보여준다.