• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.433-438
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• 1997

This study has done to show the analysis and ressult of their recovery in 35 cases of peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve. The research was from Jan. 1, 1994 to Dec. 31, 1996 at Ulsan Dong Kang Hospital. The results were as follows ; 1. There were 19 males(54.3%) and 16 females(45.7%). Age distribution of patients showed above 20 years old in 31 patients(88.6%). 2. 18 cases(51.4%) were on the right and 17 cases(48.6%) on the left side. 3. Unknown of etiology was 23 cases(65.7%). 4. Grade of injury was zero in 21 cases(60.0%), trace in 8 cases(22.9%). 5. The period of treatment was $2{\sim}3$ weeks in 23 cases(65.7%), $1{\sim}2$ months in 3 cases(8.6%). 6. On electromyography facial nerve action potential amplitude was above 1.0 mv in 22 patients(62.9 %) after treatment. Facial nerve conduction latency using orbicularis oris was below 6.0 msec in 23 patients(65.7%) after treatment. 7. Recovery of patient was normal in 25 cases(71.5%) and fair in 10 cases(28.5%).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.643-657
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• 2020

Sixth generation will exploit satellite, aerial, and terrestrial platforms jointly to improve radio access capability and unlock the support of on-demand edge cloud services in three-dimensional (3D) space, by incorporating mobile edge computing (MEC) functionalities on aerial platforms and low-orbit satellites. This will extend the MEC support to devices and network elements in the sky and forge a space-borne MEC, enabling intelligent, personalized, and distributed on-demand services. End users will experience the impression of being surrounded by a distributed computer, fulfilling their requests with apparently zero latency. In this paper, we consider an architecture that provides communication, computation, and caching (C3) services on demand, anytime, and everywhere in 3D space, integrating conventional ground (terrestrial) base stations and flying (non-terrestrial) nodes. Given the complexity of the overall network, the C3 resources and management of aerial devices need to be jointly orchestrated via artificial intelligence-based algorithms, exploiting virtualized network functions dynamically deployed in a distributed manner across terrestrial and non-terrestrial nodes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.4A
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• pp.336-344
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• 2005

Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) is the oncoming generation of compression technique that has been selected for MPEG4 and JEPG2000, because it has no blocking effects and efficiently determines frequency property of temporary time. In this paper, we propose an efficient bit-serial architecture for the low-power and low-complexity DWT filter, employing two-channel QMF(Qudracture Mirror Filter) PR(Perfect Reconstruction) lattice filter. The filter consists of four lattices(filter length=8) and we determine the quantization bit for the coefficients by the fixed-length PSNR(peak-signal-to-noise ratio) analysis and propose the architecture of the bit-serial multiplier with the fixed coefficient. The CSD encoding for the coefficients is adopted to minimize the number of non-zero bits, thus reduces the hardware complexity. The proposed folded 1D DWT architecture processes the other resolution levels during idle periods by decimations and its efficient scheduling is proposed. The proposed architecture requires only flip-flops and full-adders. The proposed architecture has been designed and verified by VerilogHDL and synthesized by Synopsys Design Compiler with a Hynix 0.35$\mu$m STD cell library. The maximum operating frequency is 200MHz and the throughput is 175Mbps with 16 clock latencies.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2022

Background: Intraosseous anesthesia is the process by which an anesthetic solution, after penetration of the cortical bone, is directly injected into the spongiosa of the alveolar bone supporting the tooth. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the traditional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and computerized intraosseous anesthesia in the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars, compare their side effects systemically by monitoring heart rate, and assess patients' a posteriori preference of one technique over the other. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with bilaterally impacted third molars participated in this study. Each patient in the sample was both a case and control, where the conventional technique was randomly assigned to one side (group 1) and the alternative method to the contralateral side (group 2). Results: The traditional technique was faster in execution than anesthesia delivered via electronic syringe, which took 3 min to be administered. However, it was necessary to wait for an average of 6 ± 4 min from the execution to achieve the onset of IANB, while the latency of intraosseous anesthesia was zero. Vincent's sign and lingual nerve anesthesia occurred in 100% of cases in group 1. In group 2, Vincent's sign was recorded in 13% of cases and lingual anesthesia in four cases. The average duration of the perceived anesthetic effect was 192 ± 68 min in group 1 and 127 ± 75 min in group 2 (P < 0.001). The difference between the heart rate of group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant. During infiltration in group 1, heartbeat frequency increased by 5 ± 13 beats per minute, while in group 2, it increased by 22 ± 10 beats per minute (P < 0.001). No postoperative complications were reported for either technique. Patients showed a preference of 67% for the alternative technique and 20% for the traditional, and 13% of patients were indifferent. Conclusion: The results identified intraosseous anesthesia as a valid alternative to conventional anesthesia in impacted lower third molar extraction.