• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 benzalkonium chloride 처리에 따라 바이오가스 생산이 억제되는 정도를 평가하였다. 바이오가스 생산 억제 수준은 10 ppm, 40 ppm, 80ppm의 benzalkonium chloride가 처리되었을 때 각각 10%, 30-40%, 70% 이상이었다. Benzalkonium chloride의 처리에 따라 저해되는 효소를 알아내기 위하여 효소 활성을 분석하였으며 산성/알칼리 포스파타아제, 프로테아제는 메탄 생산량과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제는 실험기간 동안 메탄 생성량과 상대적으로 낮은 음의 상관성을 보였으며(p<0.01, r=-426), 다른 효소와의 상관성도 상대적으로 낮았다. 메탄생성률(ml/day)은 benzalkonium chloride및 산성 포스파타아제와 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. Benzalkonium chloride가 대장균에 미치는 영향을 원판확산법을 통하여 분석하였다. Benzalkonium chloride의 농도가 높을수록 세균증식 억제대가 확장되었으며, 이를 통하여 benzalkonium chloride가 초산생성균의 증식을 억제함으로써 혐기소화조에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

Background: The consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 on mother and fetus remain unknown due to a lack of robust evidence from prospective studies. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on neonatal outcomes and the scope of vertical transmission. Methods: This ambispective observational study enrolled pregnant women with COVID-19 in North India from April 1 to August 31, 2020 to evaluate neonatal outcomes and the risk of vertical transmission. Results: A total of 44 neonates born to 41 COVID-19-positive mothers were evaluated. Among them, 28 patients (68.3%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered within 7 days of testing positive for COVID-19, 23 patients (56%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered by cesarean section; 13 newborns (29.5%) had low birth weight; 7 (15.9%) were preterm; and 6 (13.6%) required neonatal intensive care unit admission, reflecting an increased incidence of cesarean delivery and low birth weight but zero neonatal mortality. Samples of cord blood, placental membrane, vaginal fluid, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid (in case of cesarean section), and breast milk for COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tested negative in 22 prospective delivery cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs of 2 newborns tested positive for COVID-19: one at 24 hours and the other on day 4 of life. In the former case, biological samples were not collected as the mother was asymptomatic and her COVID-19 report was available postdelivery; hence, the source of infection remained inconclusive. In the latter case, all samples tested negative, ruling out the possibility of vertical transmission. All neonates remained asymptomatic on follow-up. Conclusion: COVID-19 does not have direct adverse effects on the fetus per se. The possibility of vertical transmission is almost negligible, although results from larger trials are required to confirm our findings.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2021

Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken. Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1043-1052
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• 2020

시그니처 기반 악성코드 탐지는 제로데이 취약점을 이용하거나 변형된 악성코드를 탐지하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 N-gram을 이용하여 악성코드를 분류하는 연구들이 활발히 수행되고 있다. 기존 연구들은 높은 정확도로 악성코드를 분류할 수 있지만, Spectre와 같이 짧은 코드로 동작하는 악성코드는 식별하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Spectre 공격 바이너리를 효과적으로 식별할 수 있도록 함수 단위 N-gram 비교 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 알고리즘의 유효성을 판단하기 위해 165개의 정상 바이너리와 25개의 악성 바이너리에서 추출한 N-gram 데이터셋을 Random Forest 모델로 학습했다. 모델 성능 실험 결과, 25개의 Spectre 악성 함수의 바이너리를 99.99% 정확도로 식별했으며, f1-score는 92%로 나타났다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1141-1149
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• 2020

산업제어망은 대부분 독립된 폐쇄망으로 설치 이후 장기적으로 운영되면서 OS가 업데이트 되지 않아 보안 위협이 증가하고 보안 취약성이 존재한다. 제로 데이 공격 방어에는 최신 패치 적용이 필수로 이루어져야 하지만 대규모 산업망에서는 물리적인 장치를 직접 다루는 특성으로 더 높은 실시간성과 무중단 운영이 요구되기 때문에 실 운영 중인 시스템에 적용하기 어렵다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 신뢰로운 패치 적용을 위한 유틸리티사 고유의 패치 영향성 평가가 필요하다. 본 논문은 패치 시험에 대한 개념설계로부터 시스템 구현과 실증적용을 아우르고 있다. 패치 영향성 평가 방법론으로서 패치를 적용하기 전과 후의 시스템 고유 기능, 성능, 행위를 기반으로 시험 유형을 분류하고 반복 실험을 통해 패치의 안전성을 판정하는 최대 허용치를 제안하였다. 이후 산업제어망에 직접 적용한 결과 99.99% 가용성을 보장하면서 OS패치가 업데이트 되었다.

• 셀메드
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2021

Jawarishe Jalinoos (JJ) is an orally used formulation available in semisolid dosage form, prepared with powdered plant materials mixed in honey or sugar syrup. It has many admirable pharmacological effects and used in Unani medicine to treat various acute and chronic disorders since ancient times. The ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline stated that photostability testing should be an essential part of stability testing to confirm that light exposure does not result in an unacceptable change in drugs substance and finished products. To date, the effect of light on JJ is not studied, in this study photostability evaluation of JJ was carried out. The test sample was manufactured with genuine ingredients in the in-door pharmacy of the National Institute of Unani Medicine. JJ was packed in two transparent polyethylene terephthalate airtight containers. The first sample was analysed at zero-day and the second sample was placed in a stability chamber subjected to light challenge with an overall illumination of 1.2 million lux hours combined with near ultraviolet energy of 200-watt hours per square meter by using option 2, along with 30±2℃ temperature and relative humidity 70±5%. Analysis of both finished products showed no considerable changes in organoleptic characters. Less than 5% variation was observed in physicochemical parameters. HPTLC fingerprinting showed justifiable variation. Microbial load and specific counts were within the limit prescribed by WHO. As no unacceptable changes were noted in JJ subjecting to light challenge, it is concluded that JJ is a photostable Unani compound formulation.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to re-assess the replacement time intervals of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters (PICs) by investigating phlebitis rates according to the indwelling times of PICs. Methods: The study was conducted on 340 patients in S hospital by an IV team. After PIC insertion, IV team members evaluated once a day. The PICs were replaced every 96 hours, and let them in situ when the patients wanted to, in the absence of any sign of complications, from 97 hours to 153 hours. Results: Total phlebitis rate was 19.6%. There were no significantly different factors associated with the occurrence of phlebitis. The incidence rates of phlebitis were 12.6% and 7.0% before and after 72 hours of PIC insertion, and recorded zero after 96 hours. Conclusion: It would be recommendable to maintain PIC in situ for longer than 72 hours if there is no sign of complication such as phlebitis in close monitoring of PIC insertion site.

• 환경생물
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2022

고리매는 동해안에서 식용되어온 유용 갈조류이며, 다양한 생리활성물질을 함유하여 이용이 기대되는 해조류이다. 이 연구는 2021년 1월부터 12월까지 강원도 주문진읍 소돌해안에서 고리매 개체군의 생장 및 성숙 패턴을 밝히기 위하여 수행되었다. 고리매 개체군의 정량조사를 위해 월별 형태분석, 밀도 및 현존량 분석을 실시하였다. 조사지역에서 고리매의 최대엽장은 3월(수온 10.6℃)에 16.3±3.0 cm, 평균 밀도는 32.5±2.9 ind. m^-2 및 평균 현존량은 96.0±12.1 g fresh-wt. m^-2 였다. 고리매 엽체의 성숙은 4월(수온 12.1℃)에 최성기를 보였으며, 성숙에 요구되는 성숙유효적산온도는 162.5 degree-days였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.285-285
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• 2022

Recent unpredictable climate change is a major cause of rice yield loss. In particular, methane is a key factor in global warming. Therefore rice breeders are trying to breed the reducing-methane gas emission rice using the crossbreeding method. However, the traditional crossbreeding method takes 8 to 10 years to breed a cultivar, and the anther culture method developed to shorten the breeding cycle also takes 6 to 7 years. On the other hand, CRISPR/Cas9 accurately edits the target trait and can rapidly breed rice cultivars by editing the target trait as a homozygous in 2-3 years. In addition, exogenous genetic elements such as Cas9 can be isolated from the G₁ generation. Therefore, the flowering time was regulated by applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and OsCKq1 genome-editing (OsCKq1-G) rice with early flowered and high yield was bred in the field. Genome-editing of OsCKq1 applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology up-regulates the expression of the flowering promotion gene Ehd1 under long-day conditions induces early flowering and increases the yield by increasing the 1,000-grain weight. And as the generations advanced, each agricultural trait indicated a low coefficient of variation. As a result, indicated that OsCKq1 plays an important role in regulating the flowering time and is related to the trait determining yield. Therefore, OsCKq1-G can suggest a breeding strategy for the Net-Zero national policy for reducing-methane gas emission rice by shortening the breeding cycle with the early flowered, and high-yield rice. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a rapid and accurate breeding technology for breeding rice cultivars with important characteristics.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2007

여러 가지 세척제(A; 수돗물, B; 옥수, C; 0.2% chitosan-ascorbate(CA), D; 0.03 ppm 오존수, E; 1.5% 식초를 함유하는 옥수, F; 1.5%식초와 CA를 함유하는 옥수)로 세척한 넙치회와 우럭회를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장(DS) 및 $-20^{\circ}C$서 7일간 동결한 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장(TS)하면서 저장성을 조사하였다. DS는 TS에 비하여 pH와 산도의 변화가 적었다. 저장 3일째 DS 넙치회의 경우, 대조구(A)의 총균수(log cfu/g)는 6.7로 당일 5.8에 비하여 약 1 log cycle이 증가하였으나 B는 5.50, C는 3.23, D는 4.90, E는 2.40, F는 1.77로 처리직후에 비하여 감소하거나 유지하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 감균효과는 DS와 TS 모두 F > E > D > C > B > A 순이었고 우럭회에서는 F > E > C > D > B > A 순이었다. 텍스쳐는 넙치회와 우럭회 다 같이 전반적으로 TS가 DS보다 경도와 씹힘성이 좋았다. TS에서 C가 텍스쳐에 미치는 효과는 넙치에서는 크지 않았으나 우럭에서는 비교적 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. DS의 경우, 외관은 B, C 및 D가 A보다 양호하였으며 신선한 정도도 외관과 대체적으로 유사하였다. 비린내는 A > B > F > E > D > C의 순으로 낮았다. 종합적 기호도는 넙치회와 우럭회 모두 C에서 높은 경향을 보였다. TS의 경우, 외관은 넙치회에서는 B가, 우럭회에서는 C가 양호하였다. 신선한 정도는 넙치회에서는 D > C > B > A > E > F순, 우럭회에서는 D > C > B > A > E > F순이었다. 비린내는 넙치회 우럭회 모두 D에서 가장 낮았으며, 종합적 기호도도 모두 D에서 가장 양호하였다.