• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

인버터를 적용한 유압식 시스템은 펌프의 마찰과 실린더 패킹 및 탑승 카와 레일의 마찰특성으로 인하여 PID 제어기로는 제어가 되지 않는 데드 존이 생기게 된다. 본 논문에서는, 우선 유압시스템으로 구동되는 유압식 시스템의 극저속 속도영역(zero-crossing)에서 속도가 제어되지 않는 원인이 되는 실린더의 마찰특성을 고찰하고, 이러한 실린더의 마찰특성으로 인하여 기존의 PID 속도제어기로 제어 시 발생되는 문제점을 해결하기 위한 줌잉 퍼지 룰을 포함한 퍼지제어기를 설계한다. 마지막으로, 설계된 퍼지제어기와 기존의 PID 제어기를 결합하여 보다 성능이 향상된 하이브리드 퍼지제어기를 설계한다. 제안된 하이브리드 퍼지제어기는 정속주행구간에서는 정상상태제어성능이 우수한 PID 제어기를 적용하고 PID제어기로 제어되지 않는 극저속 속도구간에서는 퍼지제어기를 적용하여 유압식 시스템이 실린더의 마찰특성으로 인하여 극저속 속도영역(zero-crossing)에서 속도가 제어되지 않는 문제를 해결하고, 극저속 영역에서 뿐 아니라 정상상태를 포함한 전 운전영역에서의 제어성능이 우수함을 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 보인다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to consider the energy generation of the building as well as the energy demand of the building in terms of zero energy building design. The reason why the zero energy building viewpoint should be discussed is that direction of the building, heat transfer rate of the building, and the S/V ratio of the building are variables related to energy demand and solar panels installed on the building roof and building envelope are variables related to energy generation. This study proceeded as follows; Firstly, the simulation model of large office and elementary school has the same mutual volume and total floor area, and the each floor area and number of floors are adjusted so that the S/V ratio is different. To the next, the energy demand and energy generation of the simulation model were derived based on the meteorological data of Seoul, Daejeon, Busan. Finally, energy demand, energy generation, and final energy demand were compared with heat transfer rate, S/V ratio, building type, region, and orientation. The results of this study is that consideration of solar power generation in terms of energy generation should be taken into consideration at the same time in consideration of the heat transfer rate, the shape, the region and the direction of the zero energy building design.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2002

In this paper, computer simulations of the physical Phenomena occurring in the arc region before and after current zero were carried out to evaluate the dielectric recovery characteristics of two types of double-flow nozzles. A commercial CFD Program "PHOENICS" is used for the simulation and the user-coded subroutines to consider the arcing phenomena were added to this program by the authors. The computed results were verified by the comparison with the test results presented by the research group of BBC. In order to investigate the state of the arc region after current zero, the simulation was carried out with four steps. They are cold gas flow analysis, steady state arc simulation, transient arc simulation before current zero, transient hot gas flow simulation after current zero. The semi-experimental arc radiation model is adapted to consider the radiation energy transport and Prandtl′s mixing length model is employed as the turbulence model. The electric field and the magnetic field were calculated with the same grid structure used for the simulation of the flow field. The streamer criterion was introduced to evaluate the dielectric recovery characteristics after current zero. Compared with the results obtained by assuming the current zero state in the former studies, it has been found that the results obtained by considering the state before current zerowere more accurate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6391-6396
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• 2015

2차원 응력조건에 대한 von Mises 항복기준의 특징을 살펴보기 위해 탄성변형률이 0이 되는 평면변형률 조건과 소성변형률증분이 0이 되는 평면변형률 조건을 고려해 보았다. 탄성변형률이 0인 평면변형률조건을 통해 얻은 항복함수와 평면응력조건에서의 항복함수는 기하학적으로 타원을 나타내는데 두 경우에 대한 기하하적 비교를 타원의 장, 단축의 길이비와 이심률의 비로 나타낼 때 단축비는 같았으나 장축비 및 이심률의 비는 포아송비의 함수로 표현되었다. 탄성변형률이 0인 평면변형률조건을 통해 얻은 von Mises 항복기준에 대하여 탄성거동을 보이는 영역은 포아송비가 커짐에 따라 넓어짐을 알 수 있었다. 소성변형률증분이 0인 평면변형률조건을 통해 관련유동법칙을 써서 항복함수를 구하였는데 기하하적으로 볼 때 평면응력조건에서의 항복함수가 타원임과는 달리 직선을 나타내었으며 평면응력조건일 때보다 탄성거동영역이 컸다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2016

Zero-sequence Circulating Current (ZSCC) flows inevitably in parallel converters that share common DC and AC sources. The ZSCC commonly flowing in all converters increases loss and decreases the overall capacity of parallel converters. This paper proposes a simple and effective ZSCC suppression method based on the Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) with the ZSCC controller. The zero-sequence voltage for the proposed SVPWM is calculated on the basis of the grid voltage and not on the phase voltage references. The limit of the linear modulation region of the converters with the proposed method is analyzed and compared with other methods, thereby proving that the limit of the region can be extended with the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through the experimental setup comprising four parallel three-level converters. The ZSCC is confirmed to be well suppressed, and the linear modulation region is extended simultaneously with the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed control method does not require any communication between the converters to suppress the ZSCC unlike other conventional methods.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 2011

An energy-efficient reference walking trajectory generation algorithm is suggested utilizing allowable ZMP (Zero-Moment-Point) region, which maxmizes the energy efficiency for cyclic gaits, based on three-dimensional LIPM (Linear Inverted Pendulum Model) for biped robots. As observed in natural human walking, variable ZMP manipulation is suggested, in which ZMP moves within the allowable region to reduce the joint stress (i.e., rapid acceleration and deceleration of body), and hence to reduce the consumed energy. In addition, opimization of footstep planning is conducted to decide the optimal step-length and body height for a given forward mean velocity to minimize a suitable energy performance - amount of energy required to carry a unit weight a unit distance. In this planning, in order to ensure physically realizable walking trajectory, we also considered geometrical constraints, ZMP stability condition, friction constraint, and yawing moment constraint. Simulations are performed with a 12-DOF 3D biped robot model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집:21세기를 향한 정보통신 기술의 전망
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• pp.451-462
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• 1997

A 2-dimensional numerical analysis is presented for thermal-electron heat conduction effects upon the electron transport and the drain current-voltage characteristics of submicron GaAs MESFETs, based on the use of a nonstationary hydrodynamic transport model. It is shown that for submicron GaAs MESFETs, electron heat conduction effects are significant on their internal electronic properties and also drain current-voltage characteristics. Due to electron heat conduction effects, the electron energy is greatly one-djmensionalized over the entire device region. Also, the drain current decreases continuously with increasing thermal conductivity in the saturation region of large drain voltages above 1 V. However, the opposite trend is observed in the linear region of small drain voltages below 1 V. Accordingly, for a large thermal conductivity, negative differential resistance drain current characteristics are observed with a pronounced peak of current at the drain voltage of 1 V. On the contrary, for zero thermal conductivity, a Gunn oscillation characteristic is observed at drain voltages above 2 V under a zero gate bias condition.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제28B권5호
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• pp.421-430
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• 1991

This paper investigated the errect of the right-half-plane zero on stability in the buck-boost DC-DC converter which is one type of the switching regulator and the stability region for the variation of the output current is obtained by evaluating the feedback gain. And it is clarified that the damping ratio decreases gradually by increase of the feedback loop gain and the regulation system of the converter becomes unstable, and from the transient response analysis we obtainedthe stability region about this converter. From above result it is known that the stability decreases by the existence of the right-half-plane zero. For the improvement of stability, we carried out one pole compensation in feedback circuit and obtained the avaliable stability region in relation to the gain bandwidth product from the stability and transient response analysis. These results were established experiment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권5호
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• pp.477-484
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• 1997

Intracellular recordings of oscillatory firing (bursting activity) were obtained from Purkinje cells (PCs) in rat cerebellar slices. Apamin inhibited post-burst hyperpolarizations (PBHs) progressively and finally terminated oscillatory firing activity of PCs. Apamin did not affect the amplitude or duration of the after-hyperpolarization (AHP) between spikes within the burst. In the voltage clamp mode, apamin shifted the whole-cell, quasi-steady state I/V relationship in an inward direction and abolished the zero slope resistance (ZSR) region by blocking outward current. Nickel ($Ni^{2+}$) terminated oscillatory activity and also abolished the ZSR region. However, $Ni^{2+}$ did not have progressive blocking action on the post-burst hyperpolarization before it blocked oscillatory activity. $Ni^{2+}$ blocked an inward current at potentials positive to approximately -65 mV, which was responsible for the ZSR region and outward current at more negative potentials. These data indicated that oscillatory activity of PCs is sustained by a balance between a slow $Ni^{2+}$-sensitive inward current and an apamin-sensitive outward current in the region of ZSR of the whole-cell I/V curve.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In this study, we survey the 2 buildings at the Central 1 and 8 buildings at the Central 2, which are divided by each climate region in the rural regions. Major heat loss factors are 47% loss of the outer shell including outer wall, roof, and bottom, 30% loss through window, and 23% loss through crevice wind. We analyze the energy simulation of ECO2 program to construct a zero energy building regarding village hall located in Jung Juk 4-le at Centeral 2. We simulate the primary energy requirement regarding village hall and the simulated results show the $265.3kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ and it may estimate '2' energy efficiency grade. The energy requirement regarding village hall is the $183.2kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ when the passive technology are applied in village hall. We research total amount of energy requirement in village hall when the passive and active technologies such as solar cell with 3kW and solar thermal with $20m^2$, geothermal power with 17.5kW. The simulated results show the improved energy efficiency certification grade with $1^{{+}{+}{+}}$ due to the reduced primary energy requirement with 73% when passive technology including 3kW of solar panel is applied and the energy independence rate is 54%, which is estimated to be 4th grade of zero energy buildings. The order of energy consumption are solar panel, solar thermal, and geothermal power under applied passive technology in the building. In order to expand the zero energy building, it is necessary to introduce the zero energy evaluation system in the rural region.