• 제목/요약/키워드: Zelkova Serrata

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거제도 가라산·노자산 일대 낙엽활엽수림의 생태적 특성 규명 (Identification of ecological characteristics of Deciduous broad-leaved forest, Garasan(Mt.)·Nojasan(Mt.) at GeoJae)

  • 이수동;조봉교;이광규;염정헌;오충현
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.204-219
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 남해안에 분포하는 양호한 산림 식생의 복원과 관리뿐만 아니라 장기적인 측면에서 기후변화에 따른 변화 경향을 파악하고자 가라산과 노자산 서사면에 분포하는 식생의 식물군집구조 특성을 조사·분석하였다. 86개 조사구를 대상으로 군락을 분류한 결과, 저지대를 중심으로 분포하는 곰솔-굴피나무군락, 곰솔-소나무군락, 계곡부 및 전석지대를 중심으로 출현하는 개서어나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 때죽나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 고로쇠나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 낙엽활엽수군락, 느티나무군락, 상대적으로 해발고가 높고 급경사 사면에 분포하는 졸참나무군락, 졸참나무-때죽나무군락, 때죽나무-소사나무군락, 참회나무군락으로 유형화되었다. 천이경향상 상록침엽수는 낙엽활엽수로의 천이가 진행될 것이나 수령이 약 50년인 개서어나무, 느티나무, 고로쇠나무 등 낙엽활엽교목림은 층위구조가 발달되었을 뿐만 아니라 생태적으로 안정되어 현재의 상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 환경요인으로는 표고, pH, 점토와 실트의 함량, Mg++, Ca++ 등이 식물 군락 분포에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

백제 사비기 목제유물의 수종 식별과 분석 (Species Identification of Ancient Wood Excavated from Capital Area in Sabi Era, Baekje)

  • 한상효;박원규
    • 보존과학연구
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    • 통권25호
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    • pp.197-226
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    • 2004
  • This study was made to identify species of archaeological wood products excavated from three sites(Kwunbuk-ni, Gungnamgi, Wanggung-ni) of Sabi Era, Baekje. These sitesare presumably considered as capital areas of Sabi Era, Baekje. Total of 220 specimens were identified into five softwoods and eighteen hardwoods. Pinus densiflora(or Pinusthunbergii) and Quercus spp. are the most common and occupied 32%, 28% of totalspecimen, respectively. The others are follows : Torreya nucifera(1%), Abiesholophylla(3%), Cryptomeria japonica(4%), Thuja spp.(2%), Chamaecyparisobutusa(2%), Salix spp.(1%), Platycarya strobilacea (3%), Alnus spp.(1%), Carpinusspp.(0.5%), Castanea crenata(9%), Zelkova serrata (6%), Celtis spp.(0.5%), Prunusspp.(2%), Rhus verniciflua(1%), Rhus trichocarpa(0.5%), Meliosma oldhamii(1%),Hovenia dulcis(1%), Kalopanax pictus(0.5%), Cornus walteri(0.5%), Styrax japonica(1%),Fraxinus rhynchophylla (0.5%), F. sieboldiana(1%).Most of the identified species have been growing in this area until nowadays. However,a few species(Cryptomeria japonica, Thuja spp. Chamaecyparis obutusa, Torreyanucifera) didn’t grow natively around this area at that time. Two species(Cryptomeriajaponica, Chamaecyparis obutusa) are endemic species of Japan, indicating international trade or exchange of woods between Baekje Kingdom and Japan in 6-7th century. Torreyanucifera grows in limited areas in Korea (south of $35^{\circ}$10′N), however, is widely distributed in the southern Japan. Quercus spp. was identified the most in implements of Baekje and Pinus densiflora(orPinus thunbergii) was in the second place. Zelkova serrata was mainly used for raw materials of turnery products, e.g., wooden container. This species produces one of the hardest woods as 0.7 in specific gravity. It indicates that iron technologies have reached some high level in Sabi Era, Beakje.

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내장산국립공원 굴거리나무군락의 생태적 특성 (Ecological Characteristics of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Community in Naejangsan National Park)

  • 최송현;오구균;조현서;강현미
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.175-188
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    • 2011
  • 내장산국립공원 금선계곡을 중심으로 식생구조를 파악하여 굴거리나무의 생태적 특성을 밝히고자 37개의 조사구(단위면적 $100m^2$)를 설치하여 조사를 실시하였다. Classification분석 중 TWINSPAN기법을 이용하여 군락분리를 시도한 결과, 군락 I과 군락 II는 서어나무군락, 군락 III은 낙엽활엽수군락, 군락 IV는 느티나무군락으로 최종 분리되었다. 식생구조 분석결과 내장산국립공원 내의 금선계곡지역의 굴거리나무는 교목층에서는 출현하지 않은 반면 아교목층과 관목층에서 주로 관찰되었으며, 추후에는 굴거리나무가 점차 세력을 확장하여 아교목층 및 관목층에서 주요종이 될 것으로 판단된다. 임령분석결과 금선계곡부에서 서어나무와 느티나무가 우점종인 산림은 약 50여년 내외인 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 굴거리나무는 20여년의 수령을 가진 것으로 나타났다.

유효광합성량 (PAR)의 증가에 따른 BVOCs 배출 특성 변화 (Variations of BVOCs Emission Characteristics according to Increasing PAR)

  • 손윤석;황윤서;성주한;김조천
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 2012
  • In this study, emission rates (ER) of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) were measured by varying levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). An appropriate plan for ozone reduction according to increasing ecology area ratio in future metropolitan areas was suggested. Several trees were selected as representative tree species in urban areas. Emission rates and composition ratios of monoterpene and isoprene emitted from these trees were estimated and compared. As a result, it was found that emission rates of BVOCs were considerably different depending on tree species. Especially, BVOCs emitted from Platanus orientalis and Quercus mongolica could significantly affect ozone increase in the metropolitan area, because the emission rates were several thousands to ten thousand times higher than those emitted from Zelkova serrata and Prunus serrulata. Furthermore, it was observed that emission rates of BVOCs by species increased maximum up to 10 times when PAR, which has close relations with temperature, rose. It was concluded that tree species such as Zelkova serrata et al., was appropriate for metropolitan areas since the species has low ozone potential and good landscape. Suppose this type of trees are planted on purpose in the urban areas, better ambient air quality will be promised in the future.

암세포 특이적 세포 사멸을 유도하는 자생식물 추출물의 항암 효과 (Anti-cancer Activity of Korean Local Plant Extracts Inducing Apoptosis in Various Carcinoma Cells)

  • 윤이관;이승은;이동진;노문철;성정숙;박충범;장영주
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.6-12
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    • 2009
  • Thirty five methanol extracts from 19 natural local plants, which have been used as traditional anti-cancer medicine, were prepared. They were analyzed the cytotoxic effects on primary fibroblast cells and carcinoma cells. The root extract of Solanum nigrum were highly toxic in both cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of less than $0.01{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, and 26 of 35 extracts were toxic in all cells with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}g/{\mu}l$. Three extracts including the fruit extracts of Solanum nigrum and Morus alba had no cytotoxic activity in both cell lines. Five of 35 extracts were highly toxic in cancer cells than in primary cells. Because primary cells were more resistant on these extracts, the five extracts were selected for anti-cancer agent candidates. Apoptosis or programmed cell death has an essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing. Recently, inducers of apoptosis have been used in cancer therapy. When two of 5 cancer cell-specific cytotoxic extracts (Ulmus parvifolia and Zelkova serrata) were treated in concentration of $0.02{\sim}0.1{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, apoptosis were increased at 3-5 times in cancer cell lines. Finally, the apoptotic effects of these extracts were confirmed by cleavages of both poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and caspase-3 as apoptotic markers. In this report, we suggested that two of 35 medicinal herb extracts can be useful anti-cancer drug candidates inducing apoptosis in several carcinoma cell lines.

느티나무에서 단리한 카달렌 화합물에 관한 연구 III - 7-Hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene의 글루코오스 유도체화 - (Studies on the Cadalene Compounds From Zelkova serrata Wood III - Glucosylation of 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene -)

  • 최준원;이오규;조명행;최돈하
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 느티나무 심재부에서 단리한 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene이 나타내는 세포독성을 경감시키고 물에 대한 낮은 용해도를 향상시킬 목적으로 반응물의 7번 위치에 존재하는 수산기를 친수성이 강하고 세포 독성이 없는 글루코오스로 치환시켜 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl -3-methoxycadalene을 합성하였으며, 수율은 약 55%에 이르렀다. 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl -3-methoxycadalene은 반응 전 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene에 비해 물에 대한 수용성이 크게 증가하였다. 카달렌-글루코오스 유도체는 정상 폐조직 세포(WI-38 cell line)와 폐암 세포주(A-549 cell line)에 대한 세포생존율, 즉 반수치사율(IC50)이 각각 $298.2{\mu}m$$88.6{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene에 글루코오스 한 분자를 치환함으로써 폐암세포의 증식억제에 미치는 약리적 효과가 3배 이상으로 향상되었음을 의미한다.

A Study on Anion Generation according to Vertical Structures of Tree

  • Kim, Jeong-Ho;Oh, Deuk-Kyun;Seo, Yoo-Hwan;Park, Jae-Hyeon;Yoon, Yong-Han
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제25권10호
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    • pp.1369-1379
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    • 2016
  • This research assessed the disparity in anion generation according to the vertical structure of a Zelkova Serrata tree for the purpose of creating a pleasant and green city environment. Measurements for the study were conducted between July and August of 2014 in Chung-ju in the central region of the Republic of Korea. The average anion generation of vertical structure trees during active photosynthesis periods was: L Section ($839.0ea/cm^3$) > M Section ($664.6ea/cm^3$) > U Section ($472.0ea/cm^3$). According to DMRT analysis, significant difference was found in the average between the L, or M Locations and the U Locations. During dormant photosynthesis periods, records showed that the anion production at the M Location ($1,212.5ea/cm^3$) > L Location ($1,050.4ea/cm^3$) > H Location ($844.1ea/cm^3$), According to DMRT analysis, the difference within each location was significant for ${\alpha}=0.05$. In a comprehensive analysis of the weather factors in each vertical structure, anion generation during active photosynthesis periods showed a positive correlation with solar radiation and a negative correlation with wind speed. Dormant photosynthesis periods showed negative correlations with both solar radiation and temperature, and positive correlations with relative humidity and wind speed. Predictions from a multicenter retrospective study showed that during active photosynthesis periods, $Y_1=282.443X_1+512.07$, and $Y_2=314.337X_1+16.913X_2$, while during dormant photosynthesis periods, $Y_1=391.009X_1+840.043$, and $Y_2=351.412X_1+32.765X_2$.

저농도 오존처리에 따른 다섯 가지 유묘의 기공 변화, 엽록소 함량 및 항산화 효소 활성 (Antioxidant Enzyme, Chlorophyll Contents and Stomatal Changes of Five Tree Species under Ozone Stress)

  • 양수진;우수영;제선미
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권4호
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    • pp.470-476
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    • 2007
  • 튜립나무, 산수유, 은행나무, 느티나무, 단풍나무 등, 총 다섯 수종을 대상으로 phytotron에서 저농도 오존을 처리한 후 이에 따른 식물의 반응을 고찰하였다. 엽록소함량, 잎 기공저항, 잎 증산량, 항산화효소인 APX(Ascorbate peroxidase)를 통해 분석하였고, 이에 따른 결과는 수종마다 각기 다르게 나타났다. 본 실험기간동안 가시피해현상이 나타난 수종은 튜립나무와 산수유 뿐이었지만 가시피해현상이 없는 수종도 포함, 전 수종이 저농도 오존에 의해 엽록소함량, 기공저항, 기공전도도, 항산화효소 활성에서 낮은 생리적 활성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Urban Forest Monitoring in Korea since 1991: Case Study on Daegu Metropolitan City

  • Kwon, Jino;Cho, HyunJe;Choi, MyoungSnb;Park, Chan-Ryul;Sung, Joo-Han;Cho, Jae-Hyoung;Kim, Sunhee;Park, Jonggyun;Oh, Jeong-Hak
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제95권5호
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    • pp.591-594
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    • 2006
  • To have better urban forests in future we are focusing on two major issues like other countries. How we could have more urban forest-quantitative approach-against the expanding of urbanization, and how we could produce better urban forest-qualitative approach-to give a chance in contact with better nature for urban people. Prime surveys on urban forests have been carried out in 6 major cities since 1991, and the city of Daegu which is located on the east southern area of Korea have been case studied for qualitative approaches during last 3 years. Major species of the remnant forests were Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudoacacia. Approximately 20% of the surveyed forests were lost their structure as forests caused by illegal farming, facilities and as the bare ground by excessive visitors. Generally speaking the condition of forests for biotope was very poor in overall. From two years data of monitoring of birds, we found that wooded parkways and woodland squares had more species than street tree areas. Nests were found mainly on the branch of Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora and Quercus myrsinaefolia. The size of urban forests mainly determined the species richness of birds. According to the oxygen output and carbon input by photosynthesis measurement, the capability was in order of Platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Ginko biloba. Air conditioning effects of trees through transpiration measurement was found and the quality of forests also related to the reducing of urban heat-island.

레지스토그래피를 이용한 수령조사 가능성 검토 (Verifying the Possibility of Investigating Tree Ages Using Resistograph)

  • Oh, Jung-ae;Seo, Jeong-Wook;Kim, Byung-Ro
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.90-100
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 수목의 수령을 조사하는 방법으로 레지스토그래피를 활용하는데 있어서 수종별로 가장 적합한 삽입속도를 찾기 위하여 수행되었다. 회전속도는 1,500 r/min로 고정하였다. 수종은 낙엽송, 더글라스 퍼, 잣나무, 전나무, 느티나무이다. 실험결과 수종에 따른 적합한 삽입속도는 느티나무 75 cm/min, 낙엽송과 더글라스 퍼 100 cm/min, 전나무 150 cm/min, 잣나무 175 cm/min으로 나타났다. 하지만 모든 경우에서 연륜폭이 1 mm이하일 경우 연륜경계 확인이 어려운 것으로 확인되었다. 연륜폭이 1 mm이하인 경우를 제외하고는 연륜폭측정기와 레지스토그래피의 연륜폭그래프는 매우 일치하였다. 향후 연륜폭이 1mm 이하인 미세연륜 확인이 가능한 레지스토그래피가 개발된다면 레지스토그래피가 수령조사를 위해 전통적으로 활용되는 생장편의 연륜관찰방법을 대체할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 레지스토그래피의 연륜폭그래프는 생장량 조사에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.