• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

In order to identify plant species and communities characteristic of lithospheric condition, forest vegetations of igneous(mainly granite) and sedimentary(mainly sandstone) areas in Kyungpook province were compared. We collected 108 phytosociological releves from the older forests over 20 years old. 444 vascular plant species and 25 plant communities were identified. Results of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCA) indicated that lithospheric conditions and human impacts were the most important factors related to the plant community diversity and species richness. In the igneous rock areas net contribution degree (rNCD) of 139 species including Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba and Fraxinus sieboldiana increased and those of Carpinus laxiflora and Styrax japonica decreased. In the sedimentary rock areas, to a lesser extent, 96 species including Q. aliena, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Potentilla fragarioides var. major, Rhus javanica, and Plectranthus japonicus increased, whereas character species of Lindero-Quercion mongolicae such as Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Acer mono and Styrax obassia decreased, and particularily the species Sasa borealis, the Alangium-Zelkova serrata community and the Philadelphus-Fraxinus mandshurica community were absent. The vegetation of sedimentary rock area is characterized as a regional type shaping dwarf pine forests and sparse and light broad-leaved forests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.131-137
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• 2006

This study was investigated the contents of heavy metals in plants at Dalcheun mine area, in order to offer basic data for phytoremedation on soil contamination by heavy metals. As the results of this study, the contents of Ni, As, Cd in plants were the highest at the west area of Dalcheun mine area. But the content of Zn was similar in all of Dalcheun mine area. For the herbaceous plants, the contents of heavy metals were higher in plants which were included in Gramineae and Compositae than any other families. And then the contents of Ni, Zn, Cd in root were higher $1.4{\sim}1.8$ times than stem, especially the content of As was higher 4 times. For the trees, the contents of heavy metals were usually high in Zanthoxylum piperitum, Pine tree, Chestnut tree, Quercus acutissima and Lindera obtusiloba. The contents of heavy metals with parts of tree were almost same range. All experimental result, we paid attention on two conclusions. First, the contents of heavy metals in herbs was higher than in trees. And second, if there were some spices that the content of heavy metal in leave were higher than in root, they could accumulate that kind of heavy metal. Therefore, It is above 2 times which the content of heavy metal in the leave is higher than in the root about herbs, that kind of plants was regarded as a accumulation species. According as the heavy metals, accumulation species were selected. We think that the accumulation species are able to absorb the heavy metals from the soil, they will make use of phytoremedation on contaminated soil by heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1990

A survey of Popju Temple district. was conducted using 70 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By both techniques. the plant com-munity were divided into six groups by the altitude and soil moisture. The successional trends of tree species seem to be from Pinus densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia through Quercus serrata to Carpinus laxiflora and from P. densiflora, Fraxinus sieboldiana through Q. mongolica in the canopy layer, and from Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Rhus trichocarpa, Zanthoxylum schnifolium through Rhododendron mucronulatum, Corylus sieboldiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Magnclia sieboldii to Euonymus sieboldianus in the understory and shrub layer. The species diversity of the plant community in the burnt plot was decreased by the forest fire but the importance values of Quercus species were increased in above plot.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to monitor the edge vegetation development process after timber harvesting at deciduous hardwood forest in Seoul National University Forests of Baekwoonsan(Mt), Korea. From 1994 to 1999, Woody plants were monitored on two experimental plots established in 1994. The edge vegetation development pattern during the last six years(1994-1999) after timber harvesting is summarized as follows; Weigela subsessilis, Lindera erythrocarpa, Stephanandra incisa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium appeared to be a competitive species at the harvested forest edge. Staphylea bumalda, Lindera erythrocarpa, Viburnum erosum appeared to be a competitive species at harvested forest border between the harvested forest edge and the harvested interior. Weigela subsessilis, finders erythrocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba appeared to be a competitive species at the forest interior. The mean relative important value of major species were changed along the distance from the forest edge to the forest interior and seemed to be affected by aspect, and existing woody plants. But similarity indices seemed to be affected by distance. Species composition of forest edge(0-10m) was dissimilar to that of the other forest edge(40-50m). Species diversity indices, number of species and individuals were decreased according to the distance from the forest edge to the forest interior with passing time.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure of the vegetation on the trail of Hallyeo Marine & Coastal National Park. Twenty six $10{\times}10m$ plots were established along the Jisimdo trail. The vascular plants were surveyed from March 2011 to October 2011. Camellia japonica was a major woody species in the study area, while Pinus thunbergii and Zanthoxylum ailanthoides were co-dominant tree species. There were positive correlations between Distylium racemosum and Ligustrum japonicum var. japonicum; Callicarpa japonica var. luxurians and Eurya japonical; Actinodaphne lancifolia and Cinnamomum japonicum; A. lancifolia and Machilus japonica. Positive correlations were found between A. lancifolia and P. thunbergii; Z. ailanthoides and C. japonicum. Species diversity (H') was ranged from 0.51907 to 1.0217, and was relatively low compared to those of same national parks. 10 populations of Milletia japonica which are rare and endemic species, were recorded from the list of rare and endemic species of the Ministry of Environment near by ammo dumps, this study recommend the long term habitat monitoring of the species.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.675-681
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• 2015

This study investigates traditional knowledge of plants used for river fishing in local communities of North Jeolla Province, Korea. Data were collected using the participatory rural appraisal method based on interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions, and overt observations with semi-structured questionnaires. Field investigations were conducted at 19 sites from July 2008 to April 2010. Interviews included 37 key informants (16 men and 21 women) who lived more than 50 years in the area. The average age of the informants was 83 (range = 60 to 96). The analysis recorded seven species, namely Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Perilla frutescens var. japonica (Hassk.) H. Hara, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach, Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC., and Styrax japonicus Siebold and Zucc..

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

Pull-out resistance tests of root were carried out for 7 shrub species which are mainly used greening of deteriorated forest slope. Mean pull-out resistance forces of Aralia elata, Salix koreensis and Stephanandra incisa were 37.26 kgf, 34.56 kgf and 26.00 kgf, respectively. The pull-out resistances were high as collar diameter and volume of the root increased. Correlations between root collar diameter and root volume were high in Rubus crataegifolius, but on the other hand, the correlation was lowest in Zanthoxylum schinifolium. There were significant differences in pull-out resistance by root collar diameters, and the difference of pull-out resistance by species showed only below 20 ml root volume.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.11-27
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• 2016

This study is a survey of the flora distributed in Seocheon tidal flat wetland protected area of nearby island (Daejuk-do, Tokki-deung, Muk-do) and Yubo-do Seocheon-gun Chuncheongnam-do, Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 231 taxa including 65 families, 167 genera, 204 species, 2 subspecies, 23 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes were 33 taxa including 15 families, 29 genera, 29 species, 3 varieties and 1 form (Chenopodium album var. stenophyllum, Cnidium japonicum, Juncus haenkei and so on). The rare plants were 4 taxa including Pseudoraphis ukishiba (VU), Belamcanda chinensis (VU), Phacelurus latifolius (LC) and Polygonum bellardii (DD). The Korean endemic plants were 2 taxa including Salix pseudolasiogyne and Forsythia koreana. In the specific plants by floristic region were 24 taxa, a degree I were 19 taxa (Rhodotypos scandens, Zanthoxylum planispinum, Cynodon dactylon and so on), 2 taxa of a degree III (Elymus mollis and Asparagus oligoclonos), 3 taxa of a degree IV (Polygonum bellardii, Wisteria floribunda and Pseudoraphis ukishiba) and degree II, V were not found. The naturalized plants were 40 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Sicyos angulatus, Lactuca scariola and so on. Naturalization rate (NR) was 17.3% of all 231 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 12.5% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. This study was performed to used as a basic data to identify the protected from plant ecosystems of type classify into analyze the vegetation characteristic of based on flora distributed in Yubu-do and nearby islands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2012

This study suggested the planting model of Zelkova serrata communities in the areas with the warmth index of both 80~100 and $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$. Warmth index was calculated with 449 weather points using inverse distance weighted interpolation method. The planting species were selected by correlation analysis between Z. serrata and each species of four or more frequency among the 36 relev$\acute{e}$ surveyed for this study. The result of this study is summarized as follows : Warmth index of Z. serrata communities was among $74{\sim}118^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$. Results of the correlation analysis between Z. serrata and each species observed that the Z. serrata belongs to the tree layer with warmth index of 80~100 and $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$. On the other hand, the species of Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii and Platycarya strobilacea appeared only in the tree layer with warmth index of $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$. Z. serrata and Styrax japonica appeared in the subtree layer with the warmth index of 80~100 and $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$, while Acer pseudosieboldianum, Lindera erythrocarpa, Acer mono, Quercus serrata, etc. appeared in the subtree layer with the warmth index of $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$. Z. serrata, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Lindera obtusiloba, Callicarpa japonica and Zanthoxylum schinifolium all appeared in the shrub layer with the warmth index of 80~100 and $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$. Lindera erythrocarpa, Orixa japonica, Staphylea bumalda, Akebia quinata and Sorbus alnifolia appeared in the shrub layer with the warmth index of $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$ and Styrax japonica and Stephanandra incisa appeared in the shrub layer with the warmth index of $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$, The numbers of each species planted in a $100m^2$ area of the Z. serrata community were suggested as follows : five in tree layer, five in subtree layer and nine in shrub layer. The average area of canopy are suggested to be about $86m^2$ for tree layer, $34m^2$ for subtree layer and $34m^2$ for shrub layer.