• Title/Summary/Keyword: Zanthoxylum Peel

Search Result 7, Processing Time 0.018 seconds

The Comparative Study on Zanthoxylum Peel's Impurity Tolerance Based on Pharmacopoeia by Countries (산초(山椒)의 이물허용치에 대한 각국의 약전 비교연구)

  • Park, Su-Jin;Kim, In-Rak
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.45-54
    • /
    • 2010
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the impurity tolerance of Zanthoxylum Peel. Methods : Compare with medicinal Herb Books and the Pharmacopoeia of 6 nations. Results : Current Pharmacopoeia show different Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, such as 2.0% of seeds and fruit stalk, etc. in North Korea, 2% of seeds in Vietnam, totally 3% in China. On the other hand, Korea and Japan set the total number 26.0% including the specific numbers such as 20.0% of seeds, 5.0% of fruit stalk, 1.0% of the other foreign matter. This Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, 26.0%, is too high compared to that of other medical matters specified by The Korean Pharmacopoeia Ninth Edition. When The Japanese Pharmacopoeia Sixth Edition firstly set the Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, the herbal name was Fructus. However, since the part for medical usage in origin is well-ripen pericarp, not seed, the permissible level, 30.0%, is supposed to be simple error range, 3.0%. Conclusions : As a result, I think bills concerning the Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity should be revised to the total number 3.0% or specifically set the level 2.0% of seeds, 1.0% of fruit stalk, twig and so on.

Inhibitory Activity of Drug-metabolizing Enzyme CYP3A4 of Zanthoxylum Peel (산초의 약물대사효소 CYP3A4 저해 활성)

  • Cha, Bae Cheon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
    • /
    • v.50 no.3
    • /
    • pp.159-164
    • /
    • 2019
  • Zanthoxylum Peel is widely used as a common spice for a variety of foods. In the orient, it has also been used as traditional agents for treating diseases such as indigestion. Recently, Zanthoxylum Peel has been reported to have anti-cancer activity, anti-microbial activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Chemical components are known sanshool compounds and xanthoxylin. In this study, we were carried out to investigate the constituents of inhibiting a drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 from Zanthoxylum Peel. CYP3A4 is known as an enzyme involved in drug metabolism as monooxygenase containing the heme. As a result of experiment, we found that bergapten ($IC_{50}=18.21{\mu}M$) and quercetin ($IC_{50}=17.27{\mu}M$) isolated from EtOAc extract of Zanthoxylum Peel showed remarkable CYP3A4-inhibiting activities. Structures of the isolated active compounds were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

Flavor Components of the Fruit Peel and Leaf Oil from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC (초피(Zanthoxylum piperitum DC)의 과피와 잎의 방향성분)

  • Kim, Jung-Han;Lee, Kyung-Seok;Oh, Won-Taek;Kim, Kyoung-Rae
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.562-568
    • /
    • 1989
  • The essential oils from ripe fruit peel and leaf of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC were extracted by gas co-distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) and retention index matching. The experimental results revealed the presence of over 100 volatile components. Major components were 1,8-cineol (25.47%), limonene (11.91%), geranyl acetate (9.01%), myrcene (6.15%) in fruit peel and citronellal (23.11%), 1,8-cineol (18.38%), citronellol (6.04%) in leaf. Among the components identified were the following; in fruit peel, ${\alpha}-pinene$ and 13 hydrocarbons, linalool and 8 alcohols, citronellal and 3 aldehydes, carvone and 2 kotones, methyl salicylate and 7 esters, and 1,8-cineol and oxides, and in leaf, ${\alpha}-pinene$ and 7 hydrocarbons, linalool and 7 alcohols, citronellyl acetate and 5 esters, citronellal and 1 aldehyde, carvone, and 1,8-cineol and 1 oxide.

  • PDF

Antimicrobial Activity of The Volatile Components from Fruit Peel of Chopi(Zanthoxylum piperitum DC) (초피(Zanthoxylum piperitum DC) 과피의 휘발 성분의 항균작용)

  • 서기림;이현주;고경희
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.27 no.3
    • /
    • pp.179-183
    • /
    • 1999
  • The volatile components (essential oil) showing antimicrobial activity were extracted from the fruit peel of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC by distillation and separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The crude volatile components exhibited antimicrobial activity only at very high concentration. The active fraction obtained by TLC inhibited noticeably the growth of bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fraction were 150ppm, 300ppm, and 300ppm against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis, respectively. The components in the active fraction were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to be geranlyl acetate (60.23%), citronellal(36.01%), citronellol(3.77%), geraniol(0.46%), and cumin ldehyde(0.43%).

  • PDF

Study on Original Plants of and Foreign Materials Compliance Guidelines for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (산초(山椒)의 기원(基原)식물과 이물 규격에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Young-Jong
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
    • /
    • v.31 no.6
    • /
    • pp.11-20
    • /
    • 2016
  • Objectives : This study aims to examine validity of the following guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in the Korean Pharmacopoeia regarding foreign materials: "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%." Methods : Varied compliance guidelines for and original plants of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium across countries were compared and contrasted. In order to do this, pharmacopoeias from a number of different countries including Korea were used as references. Results : The weights including seed parts were Z. piperitum 3.48g, Z. schinifolium 2.94g, and Z. bungeanum 2.16g; while the weights of peel parts were Z. piperitum 1.45g, Z. schinifolium 1.69g, and Z. bungeanum 0.98g. In terms of weight, Z. piperitum was the heaviest with its entire part including the seed, whereas Z. schinifolium was the heaviest with its peel part. The proportions of each seed in the whole part were Z. piperitum 58.33%, Z. schinifolium 42.52%, and Z. bungeanum 54.63%. Considering these figures, including seed parts in the guideline up to 20% is inappropriate; however, this guideline is inevitable in order to use seed parts for medicinal purpose. Conclusion : In this article, the author argues if any changes were to made on the guideline for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with respect to foreign materials - "the seeds of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium that are mixed should not exceed 20%" - its seed part should firsthand be separated from its peel part and be designated as one kind of medicine. Then, revisions on the foreign materials compliance guidelines for Zanthoxyli Pericarpium should also be made.

The Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of the Peel of Zanthoxylum piperitum D.C. is by Suppressing NF-κB/Caspase-1 Activation in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells

  • Choi, Yun-Hee;Myung, Noh-Yil
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.32 no.6
    • /
    • pp.669-676
    • /
    • 2019
  • Zanthoxylum piperitum D.C. (ZP) peels has been used as a natural spice and herb medicine for hypertension reduction, for strokes, and for its anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms employed by ZP have yet to be completely understood. In this study, we elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ZP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. We evaluated the effects of ZP in LPS-induced levels of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and caspase-1 using ELISA. The expression levels of inflammatory-related genes, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were assayed by Western blot analysis. We elucidated the effect of ZP on nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by means of a luciferase activity assay. The findings of this study demonstrated that ZP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokine and PGE2 and inhibited the increased levels of COX-2 and iNOS caused by LPS. Additionally, we showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of ZP arises by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and caspase-1 in LPS- induced RAW264.7 cells. These results provide novel insights into the pharmacological actions of ZP as a potential candidate for development of new drugs to treat inflammatory diseases.

Studies on the Zanthoxylum piperitum $D_E$ $C_{ANDOLIE}$ - 1. Pungent principles and Essential oil composition - (천초(川椒)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - 1. 신미성분(辛味成分)과 정유성분(精油成分) -)

  • Jung, Hyun-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.123-127
    • /
    • 1987
  • The Pungent principles and Essential oil compositions of Zanthoxylum piperitum $D_E$ $C_{ANDOLIE}$(peel, barb) were analysed by HPLC and GC, respectively. Total Pungent principle contents of peels were about as 12 times as those of barks. The Sanshool I, Sanshool IV, Sanshool III and Sanshoo V were the major Pungent principles in the peels and barks. Besides, several Unknown Pungent principles were discovered in the peels and barks, too. Total Essential oil contents of peels were higher than those of barks at the ratio of 1.8 % to 0.5%. The Cineol+Limonene(37.7%) were the main Essential oil compositions in the peels, while ${\alpha}-Terpineol(16.5%)$ and Pinene(15.5%) were the major portion in the barks. The Essential oil of peels and barks were composed Pinen, Myrcene, Cineol+Limonene, Linalool, Isopulegol, Terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}-Terpineol$ and Piperitone. Besides, seven Unknown compositions were discovered, too.

  • PDF