• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 1991

Tree height at age 10 was used to estimate the statistical efficiencies of sampling size in the progeny test of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. Experimental design was RCB design which consists of 25 half-sib families in each of three blocks. The number of families and blocks were fixed, therefore, the number of trees sampled per plot was the only factor that influences the environmental portion of the family mean height. Coefficient of variation, the estimate of the standard error of the family mean height, decreased with increase of sampling plot size, and became stable from 4-tree plot sampling (6.97%). The experimental error was significant from 7-tree sampling plot size. Nonlinear relationship (${\hat{Y}}=10.425e-^{0.073x}$ ; $R^2$=0.840) was found between the sampling plot size and the standard error of family mean height.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

In this study, the GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE retrievals for GPM) rainfall data was verified and evaluated using ground AWS (Automated Weather Station) and radar in order to investigate the availability of GPM IMERG rainfall data. The SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) was calculated based on the GPM IMERG data and also compared with the results obtained from the ground observation data for the Hoengseong Dam and Yongdam Dam areas. For the radar data, 1.5 km CAPPI rainfall data with a resolution of 10 km and 30 minutes was generated by applying the Z-R relationship ($Z=200R^{1.6}$) and used for accuracy verification. In order to calculate the SPI, PERSIANN_CDR and TRMM 3B42 were used for the period prior to the GPM IMERG data availability range. As a result of latency verification, it was confirmed that the performance is relatively higher than that of the early run mode in the late run mode. The GPM IMERG rainfall data has a high accuracy for 20 mm/h or more rainfall as a result of the comparison with the ground rainfall data. The analysis of the time scale of the SPI based on GPM IMERG and changes in normal annual precipitation adequately showed the effect of short term rainfall cases on local drought relief. In addition, the correlation coefficient and the determination coefficient were 0.83, 0.914, 0.689 and 0.835, respectively, between the SPI based GPM IMERG and the ground observation data. Therefore, it can be used as a predictive factor through the time series prediction model. We confirmed the hydrological utilization and the possibility of real time drought monitoring using SPI based on GPM IMERG rainfall, even though results presented in this study were limited to some rainfall cases.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 1996

In this study, a methodology for the hourly prediction of rainfall surfaces was applied to the Pyungchang river basin at the upstream of South Han river with meteorological radar and ground rainfall data. The methods for the exclusion of abnormal echoes, and suppression of ground clutter, and the augmentation of attenuation effects associated with rainfall phenomena were reviewed, and the relationship between radar reflectivity (Z) and rainfall rate (R) was analyzed. The transformation of augmented radar reflectivities into the rdar rainfall surfaces was carried out, and afterward they were synthesized with the ground rainfall data generating the hourly rainfall surfaces. For the prediction of hourly rainfall surface, the moving factors of rainfall field estimated by the cross correlation coefficient method and the temporal variation of radar rainfall intensities were considered. The synthesized hourly rainfall surfaces were used to predict the hourly rainfall surfaces up to 3 hours in advance and subsequently the results were compared with the measured and the synthesized. It seems that the prediction method need to be verified with more data and be complemented further to consider the physical characteristics of rainfall field and the topography of the basin.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.51-58
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• 1997

This paper aims to aid a practical evaluation for screening out the design proposais under applying the IRDS system, which is developed a computer aided industrial design system as a computer application system. In this study, the author adopted 3 evaluation methods with criteria which have quantitative and qualitative attributes : the Intuitive Evaluation Methods(X), the Accumulative Evaluation Method(Y), the Benchmarking Evaluation Methods(Z). The results show that the 3 Methods have reciprocal relationships under reliability(r=0.0001). In analysis on the properties of the evaluation methods, the Evaluation Method (X) shows rapidity especially, the Evaluation Method (Y); relativity, the Evaluation Method(Z); importance respectively. The correlation analysis between the evaluation methods makes the null hypothesis denying, then we could adapt the research hypothesis. Therefore the correlation between them has positive relationship, and it shows thicker than the result of the 1st study.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.442-449
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the amount of cuspal deflection and linear polymerization shrinkage in resin composite and polyacid modified resin composite, For cuspal defelction and shrinkage measurement, Dyract AP, Compoglass F, Z100, Surefil. Pyramid, Synergy Compact, Heliomolar and Heliomolar HB were used. For measuring polymerization shrinkage, a custom made linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) was used The amount of shrinkage among materials was compared using One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test at the $95\%$ of confidence level For measuring cuspal deflection of teeth, standardized MOD cavities were prepared in extracted maxillary premolars. After a self-etching adhesive was applied, cavities were bulk filled with one of the felling materials. Fifteen teeth were used for each material. Cuspal deflection was measured by a custom made cuspal-deflection measuring device. One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test were used to determine differences between the materials at the $95\%$ of confidence level, Correlation of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection were analyzed by regression analysis. The amount of polymerization shrinkage from least to greatest was Heliomolar, Surefil < Heliomolar HB < Z100, Synergy Compact < Dyract AP < Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05). The amount of cuspal deflection from least to greatest was Z100, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, Synergy Compact Surefil < Compoglass F < Pyramid, Dyract AP (p < 0.05). The amount of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection showed a correlation (p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.523-531
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating effects in the relationships among nursing organizational culture, workplace bullying, and job stress of nurses. For the descriptive correlational study design, data were collected using a structured questionnaire from nurses at university hospitals (N=130). Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data using SPSS 22.0 statistics program. The mean scores of nurses for nursing organizational culture, workplace bullying, and job stress were 2.99±0.74, 1.85±0.65, and 2.50±0.35, respectively. Nursing organizational culture of nurses had a negative correlation with both workplace bullying (r=-0.45, p=0.001) and job stress (r=-0.61, p=0.001), whereas workplace bullying showed a positive correlation with job stress (r=0.42, p=0.001). Sobel test was conducted to verify the mediating effects, and nursing organizational culture was statistically significant as a partial mediating effect of 0.13 (sobel'z=-2.287, p<0.05) on the effect of workplace bullying of nurses on job stress. These results indicate that nursing organizational cultures need to be established to reduce workplace bullying. It is important to create a nursing work environment that can reduce job stress, a better understanding of the nursing organization cultures related to nursing tasks is crucial, and it is necessary to develop an institutional education strategy for prevention education in hospital organizations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2005

Buffer soluble protein and five isozymes were analyzed to assess the inter specific relationship among 25 species of the genus Mammillaria Haw. A total of 102 types of proteins were resolved, out of which eighty-six types were found to be polymorphic and only two were unique. A total of 248 bands (isoforms) were detected for 5 isozymes, among them only 4 were found to be monomorphic and 35 were exclusive. Mantel 'Z' statistics revealed wide variations in the correlation among different enzymes. The correlation value 'r' was the highest in case of esterase with pooled data of all the five enzymes. The dendrogram constructed on the basis of pooled data (protein and allozyme) divided the species into two major clusters containing 14 and 11 members respectively. The species M. matudae and M. bella were found to be the most closely related while M. decipience and M. camptroticha were distantly apart. The present study gave an indication of usefulness of the isozyme and protein markers for genetic discrimination between different species of Mammillaria.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.54-59
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• 1999

This study was to quantify fiber distributions in thickness direction of kenaf handsheets as a fiber distribution index (FDI) and to analyze the relationship between FDI and the handsheet properties. The images of fiber distribution in z-direction were obtained by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and analyzed by image analysis technique. The proposed FDI had a good correlation with high R2 vlaues with various properties of paper, such as apparent density, scattering coefficient , burst index, tear index, tensile index, and folding endurance. The proposed FDI was shown as a good index to quantify paper properties.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49.2-49.2
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• 2012

We present an investigation of X-ray hot gas halo in 12 isolated early-type galaxies from cross-matched sample of XMM-Newton and SDSS DR 7(0.025 < z < 0.08588 and Mr <-19.5). Isolated galaxies that the separation between galaxy and the closest neighbor is farther than its virial radius are not affected by environments, and their X-ray hot gas halo can be studied without contribution of intragalactic medium in all circumstances. We find that isolated galaxies in low density have correlation of $L_X-L_R$ and those in high density have no trend. This suggests that internal process is much effective in low density and environmental effects play important role of this relationship in high density. We also find the galaxies affected by environments in the large scale structure. In this paper, we report preliminary results for the study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1970

1. On the basis of the samples collected on the eastern coast of Koje-Do from May to September, 1969, studies have been made on the growth and the relationships between the carapace length and the body length, and between the carapace length and the body weight of Penaeus japonicus Bate. 2. The mean carapace length of P. japonicus was 51mm in May, 57mm in June, 47mm in July and 50mm in September respectively. 3. As a result of the present studies two populations of P. japonicus exist in waters around Koje-Do, namely the spring and fall spawning populations. 4. The relationship between the carapace length ($\iota$) and the body length(L) and between the carapace length and the body weight (W) are indicated by the following equations: May $$L=2.6544{\iota}+3.1258$$ $$W=1.892{\iota}^{1.9844}$$ June $$L=2.8659{\iota}+2.1796$$ $$W=1.082{\iota}^{2.4323}$$ July $$L=2.5840{\iota}+3.3090$$ $$W=1.290{\iota}^{2.3094}$$ September $$L=2.4234{\iota}+4.5775$$ $$W=1.599{\iota}^{2.1857}$$ 5. With regard to the relationships between the carapace length and the body length and between the carapace length and the body weight there is no significant difference between the populations spawning in June and September. 6. The relationships between the carapace length ($\iota$) and the body length (L) and between the carapace length and the body weight (W) for the samples cultured at three different localities are indicated by the following equations: Koje-do $$L=3.7738{\iota}+0.0805\;(r=0.934)$$ $$W=0.4690{\iota}^{3.0713}$$ Oma-do $$L=2.993{\iota}+1.6455\;(r=0.990)$$ $$W=0.6328{\iota}^{2.6579}$$ Kumdang-do $$L=3.2749{\iota}+0.9055\;(r=0.983)$$ $$W=0.5768{\iota}^{2.8076}$$ 7. During the larval stages the relationship between the body length (L) and the rearing day (D) is indicated by the following equations: Zoeal stages (1-3) L=0.1279D+0.2686 (r=0.979) Mysis (1) - Post larva (6) L=0.1697D+0.5634 (r=0.994) Post-larvs (7) - Post larvs (21) L=0.1344D+1.9501 (r=0.978)