• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

본 연구는 융복합 의사소통 훈련 프로그램을 적용한 인간관계와 의사소통 교과목을 운영하여 간호대학생의 의사소통 자기효능감, 의사소통 능력 및 대인관계에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 시도하였다. 연구방법은 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계의 유사실험 연구이며, 자료수집 기간은 2016년 9월 5일에서 12월 13일까지이다. 연구대상자는 D시 소재의 1개 대학교 1학년 중 실험군 41명, 대조군 42명으로 총 83명이다. 자료분석 방법은 SPSS/WIN 21.0 program을 이용하여 기술통계, ${\chi}^2$ test 및 t-test,로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 융복합 의사소통 훈련 프로그램을 적용한 인간관계와 의사소통 교과목 운영 실시 전후 두 집단 간 차이를 분석한 결과, 의사소통 자기효능감(t=15.23, p<.001), 의사소통 능력(t=11.42, p<.001) 및 대인관계(t=19.24, p<.001)는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 인간관계와 의사소통 교과목 운영에 융복합 의사소통 훈련 프로그램을 적용하여 간호대학생의 의사소통 자기효능감, 의사소통 능력 및 대인관계 향상에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2012

우슬의 지표성분인 ecdysterone과 inokosterone을 HPLC방법으로 분석하였다. 이 때 ODS 컬럼과 이동상으로 0.08% 포름산을 함유하는 15% 아세토니트릴 용액을 사용하였고, 이동상의 유속은 1.0 mL/min, 검출파장은 254 nm였다. 사용된 방법을 ICH 가이드라인에 따라 우효성을 확인하였고, 한국 및 중국의 각 지역에서 수집된 우슬 시료 93점에 대한 지표성분의 모니터링에 적용하였다. 직선회귀법에 의해 산출된 ecdysterone과 inokosterone에 대한 새로운 함량기준은 각각 0.033%와 0.020%로 나타났다. 새로운 기준을 시판되는 우슬에 적용하였을 경우 국산은 모두가 합격하였고 중국산은 92.6%가 합격하여 전체적 합격률은 95.4%였다. 새로운 기준은 지표성분의 함량이 낮은 중국산의 유통을 감소시켜 양질의 국산 생약을 보호할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1996

목적 : 방사선 치료에 있어서 조직내 등선량 분포곡선을 변형시킬 목적으로 쐐기 차폐물이 사용되고 있는데 최근 기존의 고정 쐐기와는 다르게 비대칭적인 콜리메이터인 Independent Jaw에 의해 등선량 분포곡선을 변형시키는 동적 쐐기 기법이 실용화 되고 있으나 아직 그 방사선 물리학적인 특성에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이에 본 저자는 기존의 고정 쐐기와 비교하여 조직내 방사선량 분포의 특성을 알아보고자 본 연구를 계획하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 물 판톰, 폴리 스타이린 판톰, 평균 유방 모형 판톰을 대상으로 전리함, 필름, TLD 등을 이용하여 동적 쐐기와 고정 쐐기의 선량 분포를 측정하여 비교하였다. 방사선원은 선형 가속기의 6MV x선을 사용하였고 $15{\times}15$ 조사면에서 15, 30, 45도 쐐기를 이용하였다 조직내선량 분포는 전리함과 필름 선량계를 사용하였고, 유방 접선 치료방식에서의 반대편 유방 조사선량은 TLD를 사용하였다. 결과 : 1) 조직내 $\%$심도 선량은 고정 쐐기의 경우 심도 선량 깊이가 깊어지는 방사선의 경화 현상이 뚜렷하였으나 동적 쐐기의 경우에는 발견할 수 없었으며 그 $\%$심도선량은 개방 조사면과 유사하였다. 2) 조직내 등선량 분포 곡선을 보면 동적 쐐기의 경우 고정 쐐기와는 달리 원하는 깊이, 원하는 조사면에서 원하는 쐐기 각도를 얻을 수 있었으며 쐐기 각도를 이루는 등선량 분포 곡선이 고정 쐐기에 비해 더욱 직선적이었다. 3) 산란선량은 동적 쐐기의 경우 개방 조사면과 그 양이 거의 동일하였으며 유방보존술에서의 접선 조사방식의 방사선치료에서 고정 쐐기 대신에 동적 쐐기를 사용함으로써 반대측 유방으로의 피폭선량을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 결론적으로 동적 쫴기 기법은 단순히 고정 쐐기를 대체할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고정 쐐기의 단점을 보완해 줄 수 있으며 향후 방사선 치료에 있어서 더 다양한 유용성을 가질 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Jajun-maum-dom-movement program on the attention and hyperactivity of middle school students, Methods: Jajun-maum-dom-movement program was applied to 14 middle school students for 8 weeks, To measure the improvement of attention and decrease of hyperactivity, these tests were used - ADHD Diagnostic System(hereinafter ADS), Parent's Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale(hereinafter ACRS), Teacher's Korean ADHD Rating Scale(hereinafter K-ARS). For each variable in the 3 test methods, the results of before and after program were measured and then, the results were assessed by paired t-test, Interrelations between the resulted values of 10 variables were analyzed in these three groups: scores before program, scores after program, and change in scores before and after program, Among 10 variables, for variable showing significant difference by t-test, it was assessed by ANCOVA whether change in scores before and after program is affected by the grade and gender. Results: As for the changed score between before-the-program and after-the-program, in the ADS test, it was found that there is a significant effect in the "commission error" which is one of the indices showing the degree of hyperactivity, and "sensitivity(d')" which is one of the indices showing attention, and it was found that there is a significant effect in ACRS and K -ARSC total), Among the correlations of the 4 variables, "ACRS" and "K-ARSC total) ", which show the comprecessive criteria, have the positive correlation of significance in before-the-program, after-the-program and the changed score between before-the-program and after-the-program, However, there was no specific correlations among sub-variables about attention or hyperactivity, and in all of 4 variables, there was no significant degree of change according to grade or gender. Conclusions : As the results of assessment by ADHD Diagnostic System, Parent's Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale, Teacher's Korean ADHD Rating Scale to study the effects of Jajun-maum-dom-movement program on attention and hyperactivity, it is known that the program is helpful for improvement of attention and decrease of hyperactivity for the participated students.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2006

The shigellae are common etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans and primates. During four years from 2002 to 2005, 22 strains of Shigella spp. were isolated from the diarrheic patients in Seoul region. All of them were identified as S. flexneri by biochemical tests and serotyping. The prevalence of serotypes were variable by year, but the major serotypes were 2a and 3a. In an antimicrobial susceptibility test, all of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, and susceptible to amikacin, kanamycin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin. All of the isolates showed the multi-resistant patterns over 3 drugs. By analysis of the plasmid profile the isolates were classified into 7 groups (P1~P7). Serotypes 2a and 2b were distributed to P1, P2, P3, and P4. Serotype 3a was differentiated to P5 and serotype 3b, to P6 and serotype 4a, to P7. PCR results showed that all isolates were positive for two virulence genes, ipaH and ial, but none of the strains had stx gene. The set1A and set1B genes were detected from 12 isolates (54.5%) that belonged to serotype 2a and 2b. The sen gene was detected from 19 isolates (86.4%). The 22 isolates showed 12 to 17 DNA fragments in the sizes ranging from 20.5 kb to 1135 kb, resulting in 13 patterns by the PFGE with Not I digestion. The PFGE patterns of the isolates showed the close relation with the serotypes, but no relations with year of isolation and antimicrobial resistance.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2008

This study aims to classify lower trunk body types of Chinese men in their middle age (30s and 40s) and suggest the standard for them to design slacks pattern. Mollison's relation deviations were used to analyze the direct measurement items in this research compared to those of Size Korea 2004. Though Korean middle-aged men were higher in most items than Chinese counterparts, all items except mid-thigh circumference and side hip length were merely within the range of ${\pm}1\sigma$. According to the results of size classification by absolute values, factor analysis extracted to 2 factors(horizontal size of lower body and vertical size of lower body), and cluster analysis brought about 3 types(type1: tall and thin trunk (36.9%), type 2 : normal height and thick trunk(45.5%), and type 3 : short and normal trunk(17.6%) with some significant differences among them. Also, the results of shape classification by index values, they were extracted 4 factors (waist-hip flatness, waist-hip cross section, vertical waist-groin and hip-surface length) by factor analysis and revealed 3 types(type 1: different waist-hip width, thick, long waist, long upper hip, and short hip-surface length(27.8%), type 2 : different waist-hip width, flat, short upper hip, high hip and groin, and average hip-surface length(29.4%), and type 3: small waist-hip width, thick, average upper hip, and short hip-surface length (42.8%)) with significant differences among them by cluster analysis. The results of standard body types by shape-size combination, 19subjects(10.16%) under these values are regarded as standard body types. Significance was not seen in all items in the t-test results between the total group and the standard group. The latter had lower variation coefficients and smaller individual differences than the former. However, in-depth research is required for generalization since this research is limited to a small number of subjects in Ningbo of Zhejiang.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.604-611
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fermented persimmon diet on the meat quality of fattening pigs. Pigs (75 kg) were grouped and housed as 15 animals per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was substituted with 3% (T1), 5% (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet. The 180 pigs were fed experimental diet for 42 d and 10 longissimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were collected when each swine reached 105.6 kg of body weight. The crude fat concentration of LD was lower (p<0.05) in treatments, but the pH value of T3 and the shear force values of T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of C. The CIE $L^*$ value (lightness) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than C, but the CIE $b^*$ (yellowness) of T2 and T3 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than C. The composition of myristic acid and oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in C, while the composition of palmitic acid and stearic acid of treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than C in LD. Sensory evaluation of cooked meat as scores of aroma, taste, juiciness and overall acceptability showed higher (p<0.05) in treatments than in C. In conclusion, the dietary of fermented persimmon diet decreased the crude fat concentration, improved the fatty acids composition (increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid and decreased composition of saturated fatty acid) and improved the sensory evaluation of pork meat from fattening pigs.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2010

분진에 노출되었던 자가 진폐소견을 갖고 있으면서 합병증이 발생하면 진폐요양기관에서 입원 치료를 받을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전국 33개 진폐요양기관의 실태조사 결과로부터 흉부 디지털촬영기관과 아날로그촬영 기관의 정도관리를 비교 분석 하였다. 전체 진폐요양기관 중 24개 기관은 디지털촬영을 실시하고 있었고, 9개 기관은 아날로그촬영을 실시하고 있었다. 산업안전보건연구원 특수건강진단(진폐정도관리)기관 흉부 방사선분야 평가표를 이용하여 디지털촬영 기관과 아날로그촬영기관 사이에 촬영기술 및 화질, 판독환경평가 결과를 비교하였고, 화질은 진폐판독정도관리 교육을 수료하고 진폐 판독경험이 많은 2명의 흉부 영상의학과전문의가 각각 독립적으로 평가한 후, 평균값을 사용하여 비교 하였다. 디지털촬영기관과 아날로그촬영기관 사이에 촬영장치 및 관전류, 조사시간에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 관전압, 격자비에서는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 디지털촬영기관이 아날로그촬영기관보다 촬영기술과 판독환경에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았고, 화질에서도 높았지만 유의하지는 않았다. 따라서, 진폐요양기관이 아날로그촬영에서 디지털촬영으로 전환하게 되면 정도관리의 향상을 가져올 수 있다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.421-430
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• 1993

The calculation of dose distribution in multiple arc stereotactic radiotherapy is a three-dimensional problem and, therefore, the three-dimensional dose calculation algorithm is important and the algorithm's accuracy and reliability should be confirmed experimentally. The aim of this study is to verify the dose distribution of stereotactic radiosurgery experimentally and to investigate the effect of the beam quality, the number of arcs of radiation, and the tertiary collimation on the resulting dose distribution. Film dosimetry with phantom measurements was done to get the three-dimensional orthogonal isodose distribution. All experiments were carried out with a 6 MV X-ray, except for the study of the effects of beam energy on dose distribution, which was done for X-ray energies of 6 and 15 MV. The irradiation technique was from 4 to 11 arcs at intervals of from 15 to 45 degrees between each arc with various field sizes with additional circular collimator. The dose distributions of square field with linear accelerator collimator compared with the dose distributions obtained using circular field with tertiary collimator. The parameters used for comparing the results were the shape of the isodose curve, dose fall-offs fom $90\%$ to $50\%$ and from $90\%\;to\;20\%$ isodose line for the steepest and shallowest profile, and $A=\frac{90\%\;isodose\;area}{50\%\;isodose\;area-90\%\;isodose\;area}$(modified from Chierego). This ratio may be considered as being proportional to the sparing of normal tissue around the target volume. The effect of beam energy in 6 and 15 MV X-ray indicated that the shapes of isodose curves were the same. The value of ratio A and the steepest and shallowest dose fall-offs for 6 MV X-ray was minimally better than that for 15 MV X-ray. These data illustrated that an increase in the dimensions of the field from 10 to 28 mm in diameter did not significantly change the isodose distribution. There was no significant difference in dose gradient and the shape of isodose curve regardless of the number of arcs for field sizes of 10, 21, and 32 mm in diameter. The shape of isodose curves was more circular in circular field and square in square field. And the dose gradient for the circular field was slightly better than that for the square field.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1997

A large number of viruses belonging to Genus Hantavirus in Family Bunyaviridae are etiologic agents for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SED), Belgrade (BEL), Puumala (PUU) serotype viruses are well known causative agents for HFRS in Eurasian continent. Among those viruses Hantaan and Seoul serotypes are well known to cause HFRS in Korea, but there are some sporadic incidence by other than Hantaan or Seoul viruses. Recently we have developed the combined Hantaan-Puumala virus vaccine to prevent world-wide occuring HFRS. This combined vaccine is formalin inactivated, suckling mouse and suckling hamster brain extracts for Hantaan and Puumala viruses, respectively. Protein contents of this purified candidate vaccine is $27\;{\mu}g/ml$, which contains 1,024 ELISA antigen units to each virus, but content of myelin basic protein which is causing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is less than 0.1 ng/ml. Thirty hamsters were given twice at one month interval intra-muscularly and bled on 30 days after each vaccination from retro-orbital sinus vein. Antibody titers were tested against 5 major serotype viruses, Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses by IFA and PRNT. The mean IF antibody titers on 30 days after primary shot were 78.4, 68.8, 68.8, 37.9, and 15.6; mean neutralizing antibody titers were 65.4, 12, 6.1, 65.6 and 0.5 against Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses, respectively. The mean IF antibody titers on 30 days after booster shot were 686.9, 567.5, 550.4, 516.3, and 430.9; and neutralizing antibody titers were 710.8, 41.9, 24.3, 409.9, and 1.6 against Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses, respectively.