• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: This study determines the effect of spending distribution, namely experiential, impulsive, self-expressive, prosocial, and conspicuous spending, on the financial well-being of young working women in Malaysia. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed a quantitative and deductive approach. A sample of 400 young working women was selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). Results: The findings revealed prosocial and impulsive spending as the significant spending distribution to affect financial well-being. The effect of prosocial spending is positive on financial well-being, while the effect of impulsive spending is a negative predictor of financial well-being. All other spending distribution - experiential, self-expressive, and conspicuous spending - do not have a significant effect on financial well-being. Conclusion: To achieve financial well-being, young working women need to distribute the spending budget for the happiness of others and reduce impulse buying. The findings provide useful insights on the significant role of spending distribution in influencing, how to fuel young working women to develop good spending habits that consequently improve their financial well-being, for themselves and Malaysian economics, as well as the plausible solution to overcome financial problems and high indebtedness.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

In oriental medicine, the skin of the face and the body is the mirror of the viscera and bowels. Skin aging is measured according to the elasticity and glossiness of the skin, which is perceived as a matter of fluid-humor within the realms of oriental medicine. Fluid-humor refers to normal body fluid that makes the skin moist and supple and the hair bright and glossy. If the body is lacking fluid-humor, the hair and skin will be dry and coarse. 'The improvement of fluid-humor (nutrition)' is facilitated based on the oriental physiological change theory for middle-aged women. A new study is therefore necessary to develop oriental herbal cosmetics for young women in their 20s. As yet, there has been no study on the effect of herbal cosmetics formulated for middle-aged women and used by young women in their 20s. This study aims to investigate the effect of 'the improvement of fluid-humor' for the skin of young women in their 20s within the theory of oriental medicine. This kind of study is essential for oriental skin care and the development of diverse oriental herbal cosmetics. To determine the effect of oriental herbal cosmetics on young women in their 20s based on the theory of oriental medicine, which says that a shortage of fluid-humor causes skin aging, this study has examined the skin conditions of young women in their 20s and how satisfied they are with oriental herbal cosmetics through an objective equipment-based measurement and subjective questionnaire survey.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2008

Objectives Obesity is the major risk factor of the heart disease and the metabolic disease. The autonomic nervous system is a key contributor in the regulation of energy balance, so the blunted activity may contribute to the maintenance of the obese state. So we evaluated the function of the autonomic nervous system in young overweight and obese women with heart rate variability. Methods The subjects were 26 overweight and obese young women(BMI〉$23kg/m^2$) and 25 lean women who visited Kangnam Kyunghee hospital for obesity management from March 2006 to April 2008. Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA), short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. Results HRV of obese young group was lower than the lean young group, but there is no statistical significance. BMI had significantly a negative correlation with Low Frequency(LF) of HRV. LF power is mediated by sympathetic nervous system activity. These results indicate a decrease of sympathetic modulation in overweight and obese young women. Conclusions Overweight and obese young women have decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. In clinical practice, an assessement of HRV would be noninvasive and sensitive methods for sympathetic nervous system of young overweight and obese women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.924-933
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• 1999

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on immune responses and antioxidant status in healthy Korean old and young women. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy old women (over 60 years old) and from 15 healthy young women(20 years old) before and 4 weeks after vitamin E( tocopherol acetate) supplementation(400IU/day). Daily nutrient intakes were calculated, and plasma vitamin E concentration, numbers and percentages of white blood cell and their subpopulation, percentages of lymphocytes and subpopulation, NK cell percentages, plasma immunoglobulin A, G, M and C3 concentration, proliferation of PMN with mitogen were measured. Also plasma TBARS concentration and radical scavenger activity of erythrocytes were investigated. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly increased after supplementation in both groups. In elderly women, vitamin E supplementation restored the per centages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils which had been out of normal ranges before supple mentation. And after vitamin E supplementation, helper T cell percentages significantly increased in elderly. Plasma immunoglobulin and complement C3 concentrations were not affected by vitamin E supplementation in both groups. PMN proliferations with mitogen were significantly lower in old women than in young women, and there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased plasma TBARS concentrations in old and young women. RSA of erythrocytes was increased in both groups, but the statistical significant was only found in young women group. Therefore, these results suggest that the moderate vitamin E supplementation in old women improves immune responses, especially nonspecific immunity and cell mediated immunity, via protection of oxidant stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2004

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.279.2-279
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.280.1-280
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.284-290
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• 2023

This study was a phenomenological study to examine the meaning and structure of the difficulty of delivery. Participants in this study conducted deep interviews with seven female 20 to 24. The interview data was conducted through the process of analysis and interpretation using the Giorgi method. As a result of study, 12 themes were derived and 4 categories. As a result of the analysis, young women's thoughts on observing delivery consisted of 'fear', 'powerlessness', 'disgust', and 'inevitable fate'. Based on the above meaning, the structure of young women's thoughts on delivery was found to be a point of view that it is regrettable that delivery compensates for all difficulties and pain with the joy of birth. Accordingly, it is proposed to develop and apply a program that can actually alleviate the anxiety, fear, and physical discomfort experienced by women in childbearing age through childbirth.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density, dietary habits, life styles and anthropometric measurements in young women. Subjects included 229 female college students in Seoul and Kyunggi province. Method: The subjects were asked about dietary habits and life styles using questionnaire. A sampel of 229 young women was assessed anthropometric measurements and bone mineral density on calcaneous using quantitative ultrasound. Result: The percentages of the osteoporosis(T-score<-2.5), osteopenia(-2.5${\leq}$T-score<-1.0), and normal(T-score${\geq}$-1.0) groups were 1.75%, 13.53% and 84.71%, respectively. Weight, soft lean mass, and BMI were positively related with T-score and Z-score. But height was negative related with SOS(Speed of sounds). Conclusion: This study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone mineral density less in young women is to maintain an adequate body weight, soft lean mass, and BMI. And the young women were recommended do not one-side eating, daily intakes of milk products, perform daily physical exercise, and do not drink coke or soft drinks for the bone health.