• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.820-830
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• 1997

Sleep is an essential component for health and the quality of life of individuals, and is affected by multiple factors. Thereby, sleep impairment is known to be frequent even in healthy subjects. The purpose of the study is to compare sleep patterns and related factors between healthy young and old adults and to identify aging effects upon sleep in a cross-sectional way. The survey questionnaire was developed by translation and modification of two well-known sleep questionnaires which were originally developed by Monroe(1967) and Ellis, et al. (1982). Discussion with experts and pilot study were completed to finalize the contents of the questionnaire that was used in this study. Results are as follows : 1. Sleep complaints were lower in older adults. 2. The most frequent variables that explain sleep satisfaction were feeling rested in the morning in the older adults and feeling rested and failing asleep within five minutes in the young adults. 3. Regarding sleep-disturbing factors, physical factors were more frequently reported in the older adults and environmental factors are reported more frequently in the young adults, and there was no difference related to the emotional factors between the two groups. 4. Young adults were practiced strategies for better sleep more often than the older adults, and they were mainly in-home activities just before sleep. 5. Sleep patterns which change with aging were as follows : going to bed and waking up earlier : not staying in the bed long after waking up ; getting harder to fall asleep ; frequent arousal after sleep onset ; getting harder to go back to sleep after arousal during night sleep. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that sleep and related factors of the young and the older adults are different. Also, sleep patterns change with aging and those changes seem to be negative for sleep in the elderly. Repeated studies are needed to establish more concrete information regarding sleep patterns. In addition, further research is needed to develop more reliable, valid, and feasible sleep measure tools, and to develop and evaluate nursing interventions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.354-365
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Understanding the mechanism of chewing and swallowing food is important when creating a proper diet for older adults. This study investigated whether texture-modified model foods can reduce the difference in chewing and swallowing parameters between healthy community-living young and older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 35 older and 20 young adults (mean age: 75 and 25 years, respectively), matched for sex and number of teeth, were recruited and their unstimulated salivation and tongue pressure were measured. Simultaneous assessment of chewing and swallowing characteristics was conducted using surface electromyography and a videofluoroscopic swallowing study while the participants ingested 8 g of model food with one to four levels of hardness. RESULTS: The average tongue pressure and salivation among older adults were 61% and 49.7%, respectively, of the corresponding values observed in young adults. The older adult group used significantly (P < 0.05) increased muscle force with more chewing cycles (P < 0.05) than the young adult group, which was maintained even when consuming foods with the lowest hardness, although without chewing. However, the age effect on oral processing time existed only for the hardest foods. Swallowing difficulties among older adults were demonstrated by the significant increase in vallecula aggregation time. The total food intake duration was significantly (P < 0.05) longer in older adults than in young adults, regardless of food hardness. CONCLUSIONS: There were measurable differences in the process of chewing and swallowing food between young and older adults, which can be improved with food hardness control. Adjusting food hardness may help food intake in healthy older adults.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2004

This study examined attitudes toward older adults among a sample of young (496 Participants), midlife (200 participants), and older adults (115 participants). The results indicate that attitudes of the three generations toward older adults were modest in score, being neither positive nor negative. The older adults' attitudes were the most positive regarding elderly people. In other words, each generation of people showed different attitudes toward older adults. There was also a significant interaction effect between generation and gender. Middle aged women were the most negative toward the elderly, yet older women were the most positive. In addition, there were differences among generations in the variables that are related with the attitudes toward older adults. The attitudes were positively correlated with relationship with their grandparents for young adults, whereas care giving stress was significantly related for midlife adults, and the level of preparedness for old age (physical, emotional and economic) was a strong predictor for older adults.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

Objective: Balance is a preceding task for functional activities in daily activities as well as community-dwelling activities. To learn skilled and functional activities, it is also necessary to imagine an appropriate and effective movement representation used to plan and execute the functional activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of balance imagery of semi-tandem stance on a flat floor and balance beam on balance abilities for elderly and young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifteen elderly and thirty-four young adults were enrolled in this study. In order to determine whether there is a change in postural control ability according to the different imagery training methods used, standing static balance measurements were performed. According to the therapist's instructions, participants were to stand in a semi-tandem position on the Good Balance System for 1 minute while imagining that they were standing on a balance beam, and while the postural control abilities was assessed. Results: Postural control was significantly different in balance ability of semi-tandem stance on a flat floor compared to on a balance beam in both geriatrics and young adults. Postural sway was more significantly decreased in young adults than older adults during balance imagery of semi-tandem stance on a flat floor as well as on balance beam (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the ability to mentally represent their actions was similar in older adults compared to young adults, although older adults showed a drop in efficiency of postural control more than young adults.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare three dimensional displacement and peak velocity of the center of mass (COM) during obstacle crossing in young and older adults. METHODS: 10 young adults (6 males/4 females, $24.6{\pm}1.9$ years, age range: 22.0-26.9) and 10 older adults (1 male/9 females, $76.9{\pm}5.1$ years, age range: 65.2-81.2) participated in the study. Both groups crossed an obstacle, which is 10% of leg length, and COM was measured using motion analysis system. Independent t-test was used to find significant differences between two groups. RESULTS: The older adults showed significantly greater and faster COM displacement and peak velocity in mediolateral (M-L) direction as compared with young adults (p<.01 and p<.001 respectively). However, the young adults showed significantly greater and faster COM displacement and peak velocity in anteroposterior (A-P) direction as compared with older adults (p<.05 and p<.001 respectively). Furthermore, the young adults showed faster peak velocity of COM in vertical direction as compared with older adults (p<.001). However, no significant difference was found in the COM displacement in vertical direction between two groups. CONCLUSION: Greater and faster COM displacement and peak velocity in M-L direction in older adults were due to compensatory adjustment for appropriate contact on base of support of swing limb. Thus, the motion of the COM in M-L direction may be a crucial factor to identify risk of falls in older adults.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2020

Purpose: Balance and gait dysfunction caused by aging affect elderly individuals' independent life, which, in turn, can reduce their overall quality of life. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in the vestibular function of healthy elderly and young adults based on the subjective visual vertical (SVV) test as well as to compare and analyze the gait ability between these two groups to study the differences and association between vestibular, dizziness, and balance ability. Methods: The subjects were 18 young and 16 elderly adults with no neurological or musculoskeletal damage. To evaluate vestibular function, a subjective visual vertical test was performed. To evaluate the gait function, the step time, step length, stride length, stance phase ratio, and swing phase ratio were measured. Balance was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and dizziness was evaluated using a dizziness handicap inventory (DHI). Results: There were significant differences in the SVV, BBS, and DHI between the young and elderly adults (p < 0.05). The gait variables of the older adults were all significantly different (except for the swing phase ratio) than those of the young adults (p < 0.05). As the result of correlation analysis, the SVV values of the young adults showed a significant negative correlation with step length and stride length (p < 0.05), while the SVV values of the elderly adults only showed a significant positive correlation with the DHI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The elderly appeared to show a decrease in vestibular function when compared to the young adults, and it is thought that walking and balance function declined, while dizziness increased. Moreover, it is believed that these results can be used as basic data for vestibular rehabilitation in the future.

• 인지과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-132
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• 2013

노화에 따라 언어 기능은 다르게 변화한다. 의미 처리에서는 청년과 노인의 수행이 유사하지만 언어산출에서는 노인이 청년에 비해 기능이 감퇴한다고 보고되어 왔다. 설단현상은 음운 정보 산출에서의 실패를 잘 드러내주는 현상이다. 노인은 청년에 비해 설단현상을 더 빈번하게 보고하는데, 이에 대한 설명으로 차단 가설과 전달손실 가설이 제안되었다. 본 연구는 설단현상을 유도하는 질문을 사용하여 음운 정보 산출에서 노화의 영향을 살펴보았다. 실험에서 두 변인이 조작되었다. 첫 번째 변인은 연령조건으로, 참가자는 청년과 노인 집단으로 구성되었다. 두 번째 변인은 단어범주 조건으로, 자극은 총 5가지의 단어 범주로 구성되었다. 참가자는 표적단어에 대한 설명을 듣고 '안다', '모른다', '설단현상'의 세 가지 상태를 보고하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년에 비해 노인에게서 설단현상이 증가하였다. 둘째, 단어범주에 따른 설단현상의 차이가 있었다. 설단현상은 인물 이름, 장소 이름과 같은 고유명사에서 더 자주 발생하였다. 셋째, 설단현상이 더 자주 발생하는 단어범주에서 연령 차이는 더 크게 나타났다. 넷째, 설단현상을 겪는 동안 대안단어의 보고는 청년에 비해 노인이 적었다. 다섯째, 설단현상을 겪는 동안 표적단어에 대한 부분 정보는 글자 단위로 유지되는 경향을 보였다. 본 결과는 한국어 음운 산출에서 노화의 영향을 확인하고, 그 기제에 대해 전달손실가설의 설명을 지지한다. 또한, 한국어의 음운 및 표기 특성이 설단현상 동안의 정보처리과정에 반영되고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.5-33
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• 2005

근래에 와서 성인과 아동에 비해 공공도서관서비스의 혜택을 제대로 누리지 못하고 있는 청소년 이용자 군에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며, 특히 아동에서부터 성인으로 성장해 가는 발달과정에 있는 청소년들을 위하여 청소년들의 독특한 정보요구에 맞추어 서비스하도록 강조하고 있다. 이를 위해 청소년들의 요구조사가 실시되고 사회적으로 심각한 청소년문제 해결을 위해 공공도서관의 역할이 중요시되고 있다. 이에 따라 도서관계에서는 청소년서비스에 필요한 지침, 권고사항, 매뉴얼 등 기본사항을 제시하여 청소년서비스 개선에 도움을 주고 있다. 본 논문은 국내 공공도서관에서도 청소년서비스의 중요성을 인식하고 보다 체계적으로 청소년서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 미 도서관계에서 제시한 청소년서비스에 관한 기본사항을 소개하고 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 청년세대의 회복탄력성 증진을 위한 영향 요인들을 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 서울시와 수도권에 거주하고, 부모 모두 생존하며 부모 중 한 분 이상과 동거 중인 19세부터 34세 이하인 미혼 청년 총 464명의 응답을 최종분석자료로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS23.0을 활용하여 기술통계, 요인분석, t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 청년세대의 회복탄력성은 성별, 어머니의 헬리콥터 부모역할, 결속적 사회자본 및 교량적 사회자본의 영향을 받는 것으로 검증되었다. 즉, 청년세대의 회복탄력성은 가정환경 변인과 사회환경 변인 등의 다각적인 영향에 의해 형성 및 증진되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 상담 및 교육 현장에서 청년세대의 회복탄력성 증진 프로그램 개발 시 중점을 두어야 하는 기초자료를 제공했다는 데 의의가 있다. 이와 함께 본 연구결과를 토대로 청년세대의 회복탄력성을 증진을 위한 시사점과 정책적 제언에 대해 논의하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to find out the characteristics of the communal shared housing preferred by the housing vulnerable single-person household young adults and adults. It also intended to identify overall characteristics of the young adults and adults and compare and analyze the differences. Method: The the questionnaire using face-to-face interview was conducted. The research subjects were 100 housing vulnerable single-person household young adults and adults, who were living in Gosiwon, Jjokbang, detached houses below the minimum housing standards, multiplex housing units and multi-household houses in Seoul. The research was conducted on the general characteristics, housing environmental characteristics, preferred characteristics of space planning and non-physical elements on the communal shared housing, and the collected data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. Result: Out of 15 categories on the communal shared housing, there were common preferences to 6 categories and differences in 7 categories between young adults and adults. At a time with the need for customized housing welfare by life cycle, these research findings are expected to provide basic data to realize customized housing welfare for the housing vulnerable and develop appropriate housing alternatives.