• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2022

In the agricultural environment, pesticide control requires a high risk of work and a high labor force for farmers. The effectiveness of pesticide control using unmanned aerial vehicles varies according to climate, land type, and characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles. Therefore, an effective method for pesticide control by unmanned aerial vehicles considering the spraying conditions and environmental conditions is required. In this paper, we propose an efficient pesticide control system based on agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles considering the application conditions and environmental information for each crop. The effectiveness of the proposed model was demonstrated by measuring the drop uniformity of pesticides according to the change in altitude and speed after attaching the sensory paper and measuring the penetration rate of the drug inside the canopy according to the change in crop growth conditions. Experiment result, the closer the height of the UAV is to the ground, the more evenly the crops are sprayed, but for safety reasons, 2m more is suitable, and on average a speed of 2m/s is most suitable for control. The proposed control system is expected to help develop intelligent services based on the use of various unmanned aerial vehicles in agricultural environments.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2022

A dermatophyte is a zoonotic infection that causes infection on the skin, hair, and nails and is transmitted through contact. The species of Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are the major dermatophytes that infect humans. Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection in the scalp, and it may progress to kerion celsi, including severe redness, swelling, and pus formation. Kerion celsi is sometimes misdiagnosed as a bacterial infection or a tumor. Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte that mainly causes infection in cattle. It can be spread to dairy farmers or ranchers who have frequent contact with infected cattle. We report a pediatric case who received scalp tumor excision and a split-thickness skin graft for extensive and severe inflammatory scalp tumors that occurred after contact with cattle with ringworm. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with kerion celsi caused by T. verrucosum infection. This was based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and histopathologic findings.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.564-573
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• 2022

In this study, considering the difficulties for all farms to convert farm styles to animal welfare-based housing, an experiment was performed to observe the changes in the behavior and welfare of sows when the slat floor was changed to a collective breeding ground. Twenty-eight sows used in this study were between the second and fifth parities to minimize the influence of parity. Using a flats floor cover, the flattening rates were treated as 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Data collection was the behavior of sows visually observed using a camera (e.g., standing, lying, fighting and excessive biting behaviors, and abnormal behaviors) and the animal welfare level measured through field visits. Lying behavior was found to be higher (p < 0.01) as the flattening rate increased, and sows lying on the slatted cover also increased as the flattening rate increased (p < 0.01). Fighting behavior wasincreased when the flattening rate was increased to 20%, and chewing behavior was increased (p < 0.05) as the flattening rate increased. The animal welfare level of sows, 'good feeding', it was found that all treatment groups for body condition score and water were good at 100 (p < 0.05). 'Good housing' was the maximum value (100) in each treatment group. As the percentage of floor increased, the minimum good housing was increased from 78 in 0% flattening rate to 96 in 50% flattening rate. The maximum (100) 'good health' was achieved in the 0% and 20% flattening rates, and it was 98, 98, and 99 in the 30%, 50%, and 40% flattening rate, respectively. 'Appropriate behavior' score was significantly lower than that of other paremeters, but when the flattening ratio was 0% and 20%, the maximum and minimum values were 10. At 40% and 50%, the maximum values were 39 and 49, respectively, and the minimum values were analyzed as 19 for both 40% and 50%. These results will be used as basic data about sow welfare for farmers to successfully transition to group housing and flat floors.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.861-866
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• 2023

Unlike conventional smart farms that require chemical fertilizers and large spaces, aquaponics farming, which utilizes the symbiotic relationship between aquatic organisms and crops to grow crops even in abnormal environments such as environmental pollution and climate change, is being actively researched. Different crops require different environments and nutrients for growth, so it is necessary to configure the ratio of aquatic organisms optimized for crop growth. This study proposes a method to measure the degree of growth based on area and volume using image processing techniques in an aquaponics environment. Tilapia, carp, catfish, and lettuce crops, which are aquatic organisms that produce organic matter through excrement, were tested in an aquaponics environment. Through 2D and 3D image analysis of lettuce and real-time data analysis, the growth degree was evaluated using the area and volume information of lettuce. The results of the experiment proved that it is possible to manage cultivation by utilizing the area and volume information of lettuce. It is expected that it will be possible to provide production prediction services to farmers by utilizing aquatic life and growth information. It will also be a starting point for solving problems in the changing agricultural environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2022

Mungbean is used for not only seed but sprout, so, consumption of mungbean has been on the rise in Korea. Life cycle of mungbean tends to be short among Legume. For that reason, Mungbean can be harvested for various cropping system and season per regions and farmers regardless of sowing date and harvesting date. So, Prior research is needed about growth characters and life cycle of mungbean per sowing period. Mungebean cultivar 'Dahyun' and 'Sanpo' supplied by Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency(KOAT) is cultivated in wagner pot. Sowing period is proper time of seeding in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do that is major cultivation region of mungbean in korea from early May to mid July every 2 weeks. Length at maturity stage tends to increase from early May(sowing date: 4^th May) to early July(sowing date: 5^th July), but after that, It tends to decrease from mid July(sowing date: 19^th July). Number of branches and nods shows a similar trend. Length of pod has no tendency and no difference per sowing date. Number of pod per plants has also no tendency per sowing date. Test plots sowing in late May has the most number of pods.(Sanpo 22.9pods, Dahyun 16.8) Number of seeds per pod tends to increase to late May and Test plots sowing in mid July has the most number of seed per pod. In case of sowing at early May, Days of emergence is 7d. its summation of temperature is 132.2℃. After that, it tends to decrease to mid June. After mid June, Days of emergence is fixed to 3d. Average temperature growing up in this season, Summation of temperature from sowing to emergence takes the lowest point in test plots sowing in mid June.(Sanpo 88.6℃, Dahyun 88.6) Days of flowering tends to fasten from early May to mid July. Two cultivar shows same level. Days of maturity tends to fasten to mid June, after that tends to slow. In case that many research results about growth characters and life cycle mungbean per sowing period are drawn, it is expected that it result in increase of cultivation area and income of farmer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2022

Nicaragua is located in Central America, climatic conditions are considered tropical dry forest. Statistics reflex that in Nicaragua exits 24,000 rice farmers. National rice production only covers 73% of the national consumption. It exists two sowing system: irrigation and rainfed. Varieties used in both systems are mid-late maturity (120-135 days), there are 14 released varieties for irrigation, eight for rainfed, and eight landraces used in rainfed. The current breeding system (introduction of lines from Colombia) has increased the national production, however, has some limitation due to the lack of enough variability, reducing the proability of finding good genotypes and therefore the possibility of satisfying 100% of the demand. The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems that must be resolved in the short and long term to improve rice productivity in Nicaragua. In this paper we explain some proposal for an improvement plan. The selection of varieties with high adaptability to various cultivation environmental conditions it is necessary, also to thoroughly manage seed purity to supply certified seeds. In rice cultivation technology, it needs to improve seedling standing and weeding effect by improving soil leveling and water-saving cultivation technology. Also, proper fertilization and planting density must be established in irrigated and rain-fed areas. Furthermore, capacity must be strengthened by collecting and training with the most recent agricultural technology information, as well as by revitalizing the union rather than the individual farmer. It is necessary to develop varieties highly adaptable to the Nicaraguan cultivation environment, as well as to expand irrigation facilities and cultivation technology suitable for weather conditions in rain-fed areas. Last, it is necessary to maintain the consistency of agricultural policy for continuous and stable rice production in response to climate change events such as drought or intermittent heavy rain.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.63-70
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• 2023

Recently, energy consumption for heating costs, which is 35% of smart farm energy costs, has increased, requiring energy consumption efficiency, and the importance of new and renewable energy is increasing due to concerns about the realization of electricity bills. Renewable energy belongs to hydropower, wind, and solar power, of which solar energy is a power generation technology that converts it into electrical energy, and this technology has less impact on the environment and is simple to maintain. In this study, based on the greenhouse heat storage tank and heat pump data, the factors that affect the heat storage tank are selected and a heat storage tank supply temperature prediction model is developed. It is predicted using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), which is effective for time series data analysis and prediction, and XGBoost model, which is superior to other ensemble learning techniques. By predicting the temperature of the heat pump heat storage tank, energy consumption may be optimized and system operation may be optimized. In addition, we intend to link it to the smart farm energy integrated operation system, such as reducing heating and cooling costs and improving the energy independence of farmers due to the use of solar power. By managing the supply of waste heat energy through the platform and deriving the maximum heating load and energy values required for crop growth by season and time, an optimal energy management plan is derived based on this.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop a set of EST-SSR marker for the purity test of commercial F1 hybrid cultivars in the watermelon. A total of 353 EST-SSR were selected and tested on seven F1 cultivars and their 11 parental lines achieved from NH Seeds Inc., Korea. Among tested 96 primer sets, WMU0056 for 'Orange', WMU0400 for 'Heukbo', WMU0056 and WMU0400 for 'Sindong', and WMU0056 and WMU0400 for 'Serona' revealed polymorphisms between the parental lines and heterozygosity from these F1 cultivers. Of 122 primer sets tested for 'Haedong', WMU0056, WMU0400, WMU0580, WMU1211, WMU4136, and WMU448 showed polymorphisms that were appropriate for the F1 purity test. WMU0056 and WMU0400 can be useful for 'Haedong', as well. Relatively low polymorphisms between parental lines were detected for 'Kulnara'(5%) and 'Hwangpea'(2%), and therefore, all 353 primer sets were tested on these cultivars. As the result, WMU5339 and WMU7003 were found to be useful for the F1 purity test in 'Kulnara' and 'Hwangpea', respectively. Using these EST-SSR markers developed by ICuGI, hybridity of the seeds for four F1 cultivars produced from farmers was evaluated, and levels of the F1 purity higher than 97.5% was observed from all seed populations. Our results indicated that the watermelon EST-SSR marker information posted in ICuGI could be utilized for developing codomiant and locus-specific markers that are highly effective for the F1 purity test.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to clear up the cause of nutrient physiological disorder and to manage of optimum fertilization for leaf perilla crop under plastic film house condition in Geum-san area in 2009. A nutrient contents of leaf perilla were analyzed during the growing stages of crop from the first harvest to the last harvest stages, and the data were going to use as the nutritional factors for farms' activity in the fields. In survey of leaf perilla growing status at five farmers' fields, it was needed 30 days for growing of 5~10 stems, 60 days for 10~15 stems and 45 days for 15~20 stems of leaf perilla. Contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaf and stem had been kept on some high values in early stages, but it had been decreased in gradually in late stages of growing. Nitrogen and potassium contents were more changeable in leaf than stem, and phosphorus content was kept in more both of leaf and stem than those of nitrogen and potassium. The major macro-nutrient contents of perilla leaf on first of July were 6.34 in N, 0.54 in P, 2.48 in K, 1.98 in Ca and 0.62% in Mg, total uptake amounts of major three elements were $400kg\;ha^{-1}$ in N, $30kg\;ha^{-1}$ in P and $250kg\;ha^{-1}$ in K. Total yield of perilla leaf was $52,000kg\;ha^{-1}$, and total dry matter was $10,510kg\;ha^{-1}$ with $8,680kg\;ha^{-1}$ in leaf dry matter and $1,830kg\;ha^{-1}$ in stem dry matter.