• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2018

Two rhizobacteria Bacillus aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 were evaluated whether they are involved in stress tolerance against drought and high temperature as well as fungal infections in Chinese cabbage plants. Chinese cabbage seedlings cv. Ryeokgwang (spring cultivar) has shown better growth compared to cv. Buram-3-ho (autumn cultivar) under high temperature conditions in a greenhouse, whilst there was no difference in drought stress tolerance of the two cultivars. In vitro growth of B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 were differentially regulated under PEG 6000-induced drought stress at different growing temperatures (30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$). Pretreatment with B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 enhanced the tolerance of Chinese cabbage seedlings to high temperature, but not to drought stress. It turns out that only B. siamensis H30-3 showed in vitro antifungal activities and in planta crop protection against two fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum higginsianum causing black spots and anthracnose on Chinese cabbage plants cv. Ryeokgwang, respectively. B. siamensis H30-3 brings several genes involved in production of cyclic lipopeptides in its genome and secreted hydrolytic enzymes like chitinase, protease and cellulase. B. siamensis H30-3 was found to produce siderophore, a high affinity iron-chelating compound. Expressions of BrChi1 and BrGST1 genes were up-regulated in Chinese cabbage leaves by B. siamensis H30-3. These findings suggest that integration of B. aryabhattai H26-2 and B. siamensis H30-3 in Chinese cabbage production system may increase productivity through improved plant growth under high temperature and crop protection against fungal pathogens.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1998

HTO로 피폭시키는 동안 피폭상자내 공기중의 삼중수소 농도는 트리튬 용액의 증발속도 뿐 아니라 주변환경의 영향으로 피폭시기마다 다르게 나타났다. 어린 벼의 식물 대사율은 배추의 대사율 보다 다소 높게 측정되었다. 증발된 HTO가 식물의 조직자유수에 흡수되는 정도는 배추보다 벼에서 높게 나타났다. 그러나 조직결합수의 농도는 어린 벼보다 배추에서 오히려 높게 계측되었으며 HTO 피폭 후에 조직자유수와 조직결합수의 비율은 처음에 증가하다가 시간에 따라 천천히 감소하였다. 오염된 토양에서 자라난 새로운 식물은 대부분 1보다 큰 SAR 값을 나타내었다. 피폭 약 1달 후 토양의 깊이에 따른 트리튬의 농도는 기상환경에 의해 큰 영향을 받았다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.358-376
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• 2024

Inoculation of Chinese cabbage leaves with high titer (10⁷ cfu/ml) of the non-adapted bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) strain Bv5-4a.1 triggered rapid leaf tissue collapses and hypersensitive cell death (HCD) at 24 h. Electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation markedly increased in the Xcv-inoculated leaves. Defence-related gene expressions (BrPR1, BrPR4, BrChi1, BrGST1 and BrAPX1) were preferentially activated in the Xcv-inoculated leaves. The Xcv-triggered HCD was attenuated by continuous light but accelerated by a dark environment, and the prolonged high relative humidity also alleviated the HCD. Constant dark and increased relative humidity provided favorable conditions for the Xcv bacterial growth in the leaves. Pretreated fluridone (biosynthetic inhibitor of endogenous abscisic acid [ABA]) increased the HCD in the Xcv-inoculated leaves, but exogenous ABA attenuated the HCD. The pretreated ABA also reduced the Xcv bacterial growth in the leaves. These results highlight that the onset of HCD in Chinese cabbage leaves initiated by non-adapted pathogen Xcv Bv5-4a.1 and in planta bacterial growth was differently modulated by internal and external conditional changes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2008

김치를 제조할 때 마늘이 김치의 발효를 촉진시킬 때도 있지만 영향을 미치지 못할 때도 있었다. 배추 자체만으로도 발효가 충분히 일어나는 가을 배추김치에는 마늘을 첨가하여도 발효촉진 작용이 나타나지 않았지만, 자체만으로는 발효력이 약한 봄 배추김치에는 마늘을 첨가했을 때 발효촉진 현상이 관찰되었다. 봄 배추를 사용하여 만든 김치에 포도당, yeast extract와 peptone, 김치 부재료를 각각 따로 첨가했을 때에도 마늘을 첨가했을 때와 같은 촉진현상이 관찰되었으나, 가을 배추김치에서는 촉진현상이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 마늘이 김치의 발효를 촉진하는 현상은 마늘 특유의 고유한 성분에 의한 촉진작용이 아니고 배추의 영양소 구성성분 특성에 따라 나타나는 현상으로 해석되었다. 즉, 마늘의 첨가를 통해 공급되는 당이나 영양성분이 봄 배추의 부족한 영양을 보충해 줌으로써 나타나는 일반적인 현상으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.337-340
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• 1987

규회석 분말을 시용하는 경우와 시용하지 않는 경우에 가을배추(삼진)에 대한 칼리비료와 요소, 질산 암모니아의 병, 단용효과를 밝히고자 삼각사양토에서 실시한 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 규회석 분말의 사용은 배추재배를 비교적 용이하게 하였다. 이 조건하에서 배추에 대한 요소와 질산 암모니아의 효과는 차이가 없었다. 2. 규회석 분말을 사용하지 않는 토양에서는 요소보다 질산 암모니아가 배추를 증수하게 하였으며 그 효과는 더 많은 토양칼리을 이용하게 한데 기인하였다. 3. 칼리의 병용은 배추의 수량을 높일 뿐만 아니라 가식부의 생산비를 높였으며 그 효과는 특히 규회석분말을 쓰지 않는 토양에서 컸다. 4. 칼륨은 배추의 외엽에서 내엽으로 쉽게 이동했으며, K원으로서 외엽의 그 함량이 배추의 수량을 지배해서 건조 외엽의 함량 20me/100g 이하에서는 배추의 생체중이 직선적으로 감소하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 1998

Thioltransferase, also known as glutaredoxin, was purified from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. napus var. pekinensis) by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Its purity was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 12,000 which is comparable with those of most known thioltransferases. The enzyme utilizes 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, S-sulfocysteine, ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$, insulin, and trypsin as substrates in the presence of reduced glutathione. The enzyme has Km values of 0.03-0.97 mM for these substrates. It appeared to contain dehydroascorbate reductase activity. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 8.5, when 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide was used as a substrate. It was greatly activated by reduced glutathione. Its activity was not significantly lost when stored at high temperature, indicating its thermostable character. It may play an important role in thiol-disulfide exchange in plant cells.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2017

Plants have evolved to adapt to abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, and drought stress. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of drought resistance mechanisms by constructing a gene co-expression network in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis L.). This drought stress co-expression network has 1,560 nodes, 4,731 edges, and 79 connected components. Based on genes that showed significant co-expression in the network, drought tolerance was associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species removal by raffinose family oligosaccharides and inositol metabolism. This network could be a useful tool for predicting the functions of genes involved in drought stress resistance in Chinese cabbage.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of microbial products on growth of chinese cabbage and microorganisms in soil. Two different levels of microbial products, such as 50 times and 100 times diluted solutions of chitosan, wood vinegar and EM activity liquid, were treated for foliar application. the results were summarized as follows : Among foliar applications of microbial products, 100 times diluted solution of chitosan was effective on growth of chinese cabbage comparing to other levels of dilutions and untreated control plot. The number of microorganism in the soil tended to increase under the treatment of microbial products compared to control plot. Especially, the numbers of the bacteria and actinomycetes were estimated $73.67{\times}10^3$ CFU/g and $34.00{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, respectively, under the treatment of 100 times diluted solution of chitosan.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.1184-1188
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• 2011

낮은 염 농도로 절임배추를 제조하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 전통적인 누름 방식, 감압처리 및 증기 투과 후 절임한 배추 처리구를 각각 제조하여 조직 강도 및 염도를 측정한 결과, 누름방식과 감압절임은 그 세기가 클수록 삼투현상이 상대적으로 활발해져 기계적 조직 강도가 증가함에 따라 배추 겉 표면의 뚫림 시간이 증가하였으며, 증기처리의 경우 100$^{\circ}C$에서 1분 투과 시 절임이 활성화되는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리하여 15$^{\circ}C$ 저장환경에서 배추와 천일염 6% 염수를 1:1.5 비율로 혼합하여 6시간 절임 시 1.35 $kg{\cdot}f/cm^2$의 힘을 가하거나, 250 mmHg로 감압 또는 100$^{\circ}C$에서 1분간 증기 처리한 후 절임하면 절임배추를 제조할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 실험결과에 따라 염 첨가량과 절임시간을 낮춰 조절하면 저염 절임이 활성화될 수 있을 것이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1999

Thioltransferase, also known as glutaredoxin, was previously purified and characterized from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. napus var. pekinensis). However, in the process of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, there were two activity peaks. In this study, a second thioltransferase (TTase CC-2) in the minor peak of the Sephadex G-75 elution profile was further purified using affinity chromatography on an S-hexylglutathione-agarose column by eluting with buffer solution containing 2.5 mM S-hexylglutathione. It showed a single band on SDS-PAGE indicating that TTase CC-2 is electrophoretically homogeneous. The molecular weight of TTase CC-2 was estimated to be about 22,000 daltons, and its isoelectric point was determined to be 6.73. Its size appears to be atypical and much larger than that of the first thioltransferase (TTase CC-1) from Chinese cabbage, and it can utilize 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, S-sulfocysteine, and insulin as substrates. S-sulfocysteine was found to be a superior substrate for TTase CC-2. TTase CC-2 also displayed the reducing activity for non-disulfides such as dehydroascorbic acid. Its optimum pH was 8.5, which was consistent with that of TTase CC-1. TTase CC-2 activity was greatly activated by L-cysteine and reduced glutathione, and was found to be less heat-stable compared with TTase CC-1. Molecular and physiological differences between TTase CC-1 and TTase CC-2 remain to be elucidated. Chinese cabbage is the first plant which is known to contain two kinds of thioltransferases.