• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary carbohydrases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 90 pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] (initial BW = $56.15{\pm}1.26kg$) were used for a 35 d feeding trial. The dietary treatments included: 1) CON (control diet), 2) MIX (CON + mixture with ${\alpha}$-galactosidase and ${\beta}$-mannanase 0.05%) and 3) MAN (CON + ${\beta}$-mannanase 0.05%). There were six replications per treatment with five pigs per pen. The average daily gain (ADG) in MIX was higher than in CON (p<0.05). No significant differences were noted in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F) among dietary treatments (p>0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and energy (E) in MIX increased (p<0.05) relative to CON and MAN. The ATTD of nitrogen (N) in MIX was higher (p<0.05) than in CON. No differences in red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes and IgG concentrations were observed among dietary treatments (p>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of the mixture of carbohydrases (${\alpha}$-galactosidase and ${\beta}$-mannanase 0.05%) increased ADG and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2005

Two hundred [(Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs were used in a 117-d growth assay (including four growth stages) to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri on performance of swine, fecal and rectumal microflora and carcass grade. Pig diet was divided tow types, commercial diet (Control group) and supplemention of 0.1% Lactobacillus reuteri (Treatmental group). There was tend to increased in average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (Feed/gain) in treatmental group than control group during the whole experimental period. The number of Lactobacilius spp. into rectum and feaces and carcass rate tended to increase in treatmental group than control group. Ammonia emission from excreta were decrease by supplemention of 0.1% Lactobacillus reuteri in feed (P<0.05). These results indicated that the dietary Lactobacillus reuteri were effective in performance, increasing of Lactobacilius spp. into rectum and feaces, decreasing ammonia emission from excreta, and it had also effective the carcass rate in swine.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of the breed, sire-breeds, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity on number of born alive (NBA), number of weaning (NW) and survival rates of weaning (SRW) in swine. The data were obtained from 46,704 litters of the Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc and Cross breed farrowed from 1996 to 2005 at 142 GP are registered in Korean Animal Improvement Association (KAIA). There was highly significant effect of breed, sire breed, farrowing year, farrowing season and parity on NBA, NW, SRW (p<0.01). The result of this study could be available to genetic improvement of reproductive traits as a basic reference in Korean pig industry. To achieve the more effective improvement of reproductive traits, additional research such as genetic parameter evaluation should be performed.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.167-172
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the housing design on the feeding behaviors of group housed pregnant sows. A total of 65 sows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) were employed into 2 experimental sow housing with different housing design. Lying area of one of sow housing was designed with concrete fence to give the shelter for weak sows. The other was floor type without any obstacles. Group housed sows were fed using electronic sow feeder (ESF) during gestation. Daily feeding pattern of sows was automatically recorded in ESF feeder program. Most sows ate all feed during night. Daily visiting frequency to ESF of sows in pig pen with the shelter was significantly lowered than sows in floor type pen. This study showed that the housing design of group housed sow pen could fairly impact ESF utilization of sow.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.6.1-6.5
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• 2018

Background: The meat quality of Korean native pigs (KNP) and crossbred pigs (LYD; Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) was examined to generate data useful for selecting native pigs for improved pork production. Methods: Fifty Korean native pigs (KNP) and 50 crossbred pigs (LYD) were tested. Loin samples (M. longissimus dorsi) of the two breeds were analyzed to determine meat quality and sensory properties. Result: KNP had a higher moisture content than LYD (p < 0.05); however, it had significantly lower crude fat and ash content than that of LYD (p < 0.001). KNP had significantly higher shear force than LYD (p < 0.01). KNP also showed significantly higher cooking loss than LYD (p < 0.05). KNP had a lower $L^*$ value than LYD (p < 0.05); however, it had a markedly higher $a^*$ and $b^*$ value than LYD (p < 0.001). KNP showed significantly higher linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid content than LYD (p < 0.05). Although KNP had significantly better flavor and overall palatability than LYD, it was less tender than LYD (p < 0.01). Conclusion: KNP had a markedly higher $a^*$ value than LYD. KNP had significantly higher shear force than LYD. The total unsaturated fatty acid content was higher in KNP than in LYD.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2021

Salmon oil (SO) could be used as a great source of ω-3 fatty acids in pig diet. The purpose of the study was to investigate the SO effect on production performance of sows and their offspring. 48 lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) from Dankook University experimental farm were used in this study. Sows were conceived using either guided natural mating or by artificial insemination. Pregnancy diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography on day 25 after mating. Sows and their offspring were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments. Treatments included: 1), control (CON); 2), control + SO 0.5% (CS). The inclusion of SO did not affect (p > 0.05) the litter size throughout the experiment. No difference (p > 0.05) was observed on the average daily feed intake (ADFI), chest circumference, estrus interval and sow backfat thickness between CON and SO treatments. Dietary SO supplemented diet reduced (p < 0.05) body weight loss during lactation compared with control treatment. Pigs fed SO supplemented diet did not affect (p > 0.05) the fecal scores during lactation compared with those fed control treatments. Sows fed SO supplemented diet led to a higher (p < 0.05) initial weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of piglets than those fed control diets. No difference (p > 0.05) was observed on piglet survival and fecal scores throughout the experiment. Inclusion of SO could reduce the body weight loss of sows and improves piglet growth during lactation, indicating SO has beneficial effects for pigs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.595-606
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• 2022

Industrial pig breeding has used the Duroc breed and terminal sires in a three-way crossbred system in Korea. This study identified the gene variation patterns related to carcass quality in crossbred pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) using whole-exome sequencing (WES). This study used crossbred pigs and divided them into two groups (first plus grade, n = 5; second grade, n = 5). Genomic DNA samples extracted from the loin muscles of both groups were submitted for WES. A set of validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: n = 102) were also subjected to the Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) to confirm the WES results in the loin muscles. Based on the WES, SNPs associated with meat quality were found on chromosomes 5, 10, and 15. We identified variations in three of the candidate genes, including kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B), GLI family zinc finger 2 (GLI2), and KIF26B, that were associated with meat color, marbling score, and backfat thickness. These genes were associated with meat quality and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways in the crossbred pigs. These results may help clarify the mechanisms underlying high-quality meat in pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2024

Pork quality is determined by several attributes, among which odor and taste are the utmost significant. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effects of boar odor hormone concentration on the quality traits and sensory acceptability of pork. A total twenty-six (26) non-castrated 3-way crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs were selected with an average body weight (ABW) 115.6 kg before to slaughter. The three treatment groups (low, medium and high) were divided according to the androstenone concentration. In experiment 1, for meat quality traits carcass was selected based on androstenone concentration: low (LC, 0.64-0.69 ㎍/g, n = 9), medium (MC, 0.70-0.99 ㎍/g, n = 7) and high (HC, 1.00-1.69 ㎍/g, n = 10). In experiment 2, for sensory evaluation carcasses were also selected based on the abovementioned conditions. Results revealed that androstenone concentration not effect on proximate components, meat quality traits and fatty acids except palmitoleic acid. Sensory evaluation data showed that boar taint and meat boar taint were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner from low to high, whereas, gravy and meat flavor preference were significantly increased in LC group than HC group. In addition, correlation analysis showed that boar taint and meat boar taint were positively, and gravy and meat flavor preference were negatively correlated with boar taint hormones. In essence, our findings indicate that androstenone concentration had no effect on meat qualities, but a high concentration of androstenone had a negative effect on the sensory characteristics in uncastrated pigs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

We conducted this research to examine the reducing level of lysine : tryptophan ratios in the diet affected the performance and meat quality of finishing pigs. At the end of the experiment, 144 crossbred finishing pigs (Duroc × [Yorkshire × Landrace]) having an average body weight of 70.6 ± 3.9 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (9 replications, 4 pigs per pen). The pigs in the 4 treatments were fed diets with different lysine : tryptophan ratios, such as 1 : 0.175, 1 : 0.160, 1 : 0.145, and 1 : 0.130. In considering average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), the ratio of tryptophan and lysine (Lys : Trp) did not show any significant effect (p > 0.05). Moreover, nutrient digestibility had no significant impact (p > 0.05). However, the decreasing level of tryptophan linearly decreased the back-fat thickness at overall period (p = 0.038) and reduced at week 5 (p = 0.007). Additionally, the lean meat percentage (LMP) showed a tendency to increase at initial (linear effect, p = 0.097) and increased at overall period (linear effect, p = 0.045). Therefore, we suggest that Lys : Trp ratio of 0.130 could enhance the meat quality in finishing pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to find relationships of plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II concentrations to litter size and lactation performance. Sixty pure-bred Landrace and Yorkshire pigs having similar farrowing weeks which had been selected from a large number of pregnant gilts and sows were divided into low- (<${\mu}$－0.5SD) and high-litter size (>${\mu}$+0.5 SD) lines under a 2 (breed)${\times}$2 (line) factorial arrange of treatments. After adjusting the litter size to nine piglets per sow at farrowing, total litter weight was measured at three weeks postpartum at weaning as an index of milk yield. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein at day (d)-90 pregnancy (Px) and at d-15 postpartum. The litter size or the number of piglets born during the present experiment and the average litter size during the entire parities up to the present one were greater in the high-line than in the low-line by 3.7 and 2.4 piglets, respectively (P<0.01); effect of the breed on litter size was not significant. Plasma IGF-II concentration at d-90 Px was greater in the high-line than in the low-line. Litter size and d-90 Px IGF-I concentration were negatively correlated in Landrace (r=－0.46; P<0.05) and tended to be negatively correlated in Yorkshire (r=－0.31; P=0.09), which resulted in a significant negative correlation between these two variables in total animals (r=－0.35; P<0.01). Litter weight at weaning was not different between the two breeds or lines. Relationships between the litter weight and IGF concentration were not consistent across the breed ${\times}$ physiological stage combinations. Results suggest that d-90 Px IGF concentrations may be indicative of the litter size at impending farrowing.