• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.66-78
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between vasomotor symptoms with upper-lower body temperature differences, and to identify Kidney Deficiency pattern (腎虛證) in menopausal women. Methods: 51 women who visited Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from July to December, 2013 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 30 patients reported with vasomotor symptoms (Vasomotor symptom group, VG), while the control group consisted of 21 patients without vasomotor symptoms (Control group, CG). According to their chief complaints, VG was further divided into VHG (vasomotor-hot flash group) and VCG (vasomotor-cold hypersensitivity group). The temperature differences between upper and lower body part (CV17-CV4), proximal and distal extremity part (LU4-HT8, ST32-LR3) were checked. All patients reported other complaints such as headache, sweating, anxiety, dyspepsia, leukorrhea, which belong to Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern (腎陽虛證) or Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern (腎陰虛證). The relationship between vasomotor symptom and repetition rate of additional complaints were analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis showed that lower abdomen temperature of experimental group was lower than the control group. Temperature differences of upper and lower body (CV17-CV4) was significantly larger in vasomotor symptom group. VHG had more symptoms of sweating, chest discomfort, constipation, which belong to Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern group. VCG had more symptoms of leukorrhea, diarrhea, and dyspepsia, which belong to Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern group. Conclusions: Climacteric women who suffered from vasomotor symptoms showed lower temperature tendency in [CV4], larger temperature differences in [CV17-CV4] compared to the control group. Among them, VHG showed more symptoms of Kidney Yin Deficiency pattern, whereas VCG showed more symptoms of Kidney Yang Deficiency pattern.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4A
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• pp.227-235
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• 2012

Recently, study of confining effect in column members is progressed. But these studies are limited to about RC column and external confining effect in hollow columns. Internal confining effect in hollow columns has not researched. Internal confining stress is assumed the same external confining stress in hollow columns. In this study, there are to investigate the internal direction confining effect in ICH CFT column by FEA analysis. FEA analysis methods have verified by experimental values. Parametric study has performed as thickness of internal tube, hollow ratio, diameter of column and bending stiffness between concrete and external tube. Modified equations have suggested to estimating economic and reasonable thickness of internal tube.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

The audio vision system was developed for visually impaired people and usability was verified. In this study ten normal volunteers were included in the subject group and their mean age was 28.8 years old. Male and female ratio was 7:3. The usability of audio vision system was verified by as follows. First, volunteers learned distance of obstacles and up-down discrimination. After learning of audio vision system, indoor and outdoor walking examination was performed. The test was scored by ability of up-down and lateral discrimination, distance recognition and walking without collision. Each parameter was scored by 1 to 5. The results were 93.5 +- SD(ranges, 86 to 100) of 100. In this study, we could convert visual information to auditory information by audio-vision system and verified possibility of applying to daily life for visually impaired people.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to report adverse events in Ojeok-san extract powders RCT. Methods : 180 patients with LBP were randomized into groups for a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. They received Ojeok-san simple Extract, Ojeok-san complex Extract or placebo in powders, orally dissolved 3times a day for 4weeks. During 4weeks, we researched the symptoms and duration of adverse events and Digest ability, Milk hypersensitivity, Starch hypersensitivity, Caramel hypersensitivity, West-med hypersensitivity, Herb-med hypersensitivity in patients who had adverse events. Results : 52patients(28.9%) had adverse events and of them 44patients(28.9%) had lost adverse events naturally. But 5patients(2.8%) were withdrawn from the research because of the adverse events. Most of the symptoms of adverse event was Gastrointestinal symptom(88.3%) and adverse events frequency was not different from Ojeok-san simple Extract, Ojeok-san complex Extract and placebo. Conclusions : Ojeok-san extract powders had adverse events no different from the placebo, which shows that it is a safe drug.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2017

Objectives: This study were investigated clinical studies published in international and Korea's journals to assess the effect of Korean Medicine for infertility. Methods: PubMed and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) were searched for this review up to Nov 2016.: using terms of 'infertility' and 'subfertile'. Results: Fifty clinical studies were finally selected. All studies were assessed as the noncomparative studies, and mainly case reports. The year of publication of literatures was the highest at from 2011 to 2015, accounted for 44%. Among 50 studies, there were 5 studies on males, 43 studies on females and 2 studies on both male and female. The number of subjects varies from 1 to 1277. The number of studies with subjects less than 10 was the greatest. Of all the studies, only three were institutional review board (IRB) approved. There were 9 studies that indicated whether the grant was supported. The duration of treatment was between 30 and 360 days, and most cases were within 180 days. Intervention methods were 100% for herb medicine, 40% added on acupuncture, and 29% added on moxibustion. Conclusions: Further clinical trials of well designed is needed to accumulate enough information to establish the evidence for Korean Medicine for infertility.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

This study was purpose to investigate that Gucheokbogol-tang(GBT), mainly used in osteoporosis, has possible regulatory effect on bone regeneration by operating in proliferation and calcification of osteoblast. So that, their cytotoxicity and proliferation was investigated with MTT by ELISA, and morphological change was observed by optical microscope and electron microscope. And activation of alkaline phosphates(ALP) which is secreted in early stage of bone formation was measured, and accumulation of $Ca^{2+}$ in the process of calcification was investigated by alizaline red S assay(ARS). The results were as follows: The MG-63 cell, originated from human cell was activated in $10^{-5}$ treated group, and the level of ALP was also increased in the treated group, highest on the third day. And from the outcome of ARS assay of calcification process in the Gucheokbogol-tang(GBT) treated group for 21days. These results suggested that Gucheokbogol-tang(GBT) is effective in proliferation and calcification of osteoblast.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.78-91
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• 2016

Objectives: Breast cancer patients in Korea need to care about symptoms with complementary medicine including acupuncture. We reviewed the randomized controlled studies using acupuncture in breast cancer patients to establish a basic knowledge of clinical practice guidelines. Methods: We searched the following databases through July 2015: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Databases and OASIS. The articles of RCTs using acupuncture in breast cancer for all symptoms were selected and analyzed. The acupoints, treatment period, inclusion criteria of participants, follow-up period and effectiveness were extracted. Results: Three hundred fifty five records after duplicate were screened, and 14 RCTs were selected. RCTs of Hot flush, pain, fatigue were reviewed. The adverse symptoms using medical treatment in breast cancer patients were targets of acupuncture in RCTs. The acupuncture treatment was decreased the hot flush, pain and fatigue. However, the effect was not confirmed due to various study design. Conclusions: The analysis of the research would be conjugated to establish a basic knowledge of clinical practice guidelines. Well designed studies in Korea are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in patients with breast cancer.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.365-372
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• 2018

Wounds that heal with excessive scar formation result in poor functional and aesthetic outcomes. To address this, in our study, visible light cured glycol chitosan (GCH) hydrogels containing endothelial growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were prepared (GCH-EGF, GCH-FGF and GCH-EGF/FGF) and evaluated their efficacies on the improvement of wound healing in vivo. In vitro release test showed that the growth factors were released in a sustained manner along with initial burst for 24 h. In vitro cell proliferation assay of L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line resulted in the superior ability of GCH-EGF/FGF on the rate. In vivo results demonstrated that the growth factor loaded GCHs further enhanced wound healing compared with GCH. In particular, GCH-EGF/EFG showed the most remarkable wound healing effect among the samples.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2024

Objective : The treatment paradigm for acute ischemic stroke has undergone several major changes in the past decade, contributing to improved patient prognosis in clinical practice. However, the extent to which these changes have affected patient prognosis in the real-world is yet to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world impact of modern reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke using data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. Methods : This study included patients aged 18-80 years who were admitted via the emergency room with an I63 code between 2011 and 2020. The rates of intravenous thrombolysis use and endovascular treatment according to the year of admission were investigated. Furthermore, the rates of decompressive craniectomy and 3-month mortality were also analyzed. The 10-year observational period was divided into three periods based on the 2015 guideline change as follows : prior, 2011-2014; transitional, 2015-2016; and modern, 2017-2020. Results : A total of 307117 patients (mean age, 65.7±10.9 years) were included, and most patients were male (59.7%). The rate of endovascular treatment gradually increased during the study period from 0.71% in the prior period to 1.32% in the transitional period and finally to 1.85% in the modern period. Meanwhile, the 3-month mortality rate gradually decreased from 4.78% in the prior period to 4.03% in the transitional period and to 3.71% in the modern period. Conclusion : In Korea, the mortality rate decreased as the rate of modern reperfusion therapy increased in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Overall, technical and scientific advances in reperfusion therapy have improved the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to research character of the patients with leukorrhea including Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and symptoms associated with leukorrhea in view of Korean medicine theory. Methods: We studied 71 patients visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Hospital from April, 2012 to March, 2013. The subjects were categorized in two groups, leukorrhea group (n=40) and control group (n=31). We investigated the difference of DITI and other physical symptoms between two groups. Results: The average temperature of CV4 in leukorrhea group ($29.56{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower than that of control group ($30.12{\pm}0.54^{\circ}C$)(p<0.01). And there is no statistical difference of temperature of CV17 located in chest area between two groups. But temperature difference between CV17 and CV4 (${\Delt}T$) in leukorrhea group ($1.18{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$) is significantly higher than control group ($0.68{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$)(p<0.01). There is no correlation between leukorrhea and some sypmtoms, like menorrhea, irregular menstruation, fatigue, constipation and loss of appetite. But leukorrhea group is more likely to suffer from dyspepsia and insomnia than control group. Conclusions: Leukorrhea group is related to lower temperature in lower abdomen than control group. And patients with leukorrhea are more likely to appear dyspepsia and insomnia than no leukorrhea group.