• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.311-320
• /
• 2019

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a morbific agent in periodontitis and halitosis. Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was obtained from egg yolks from chickens stimulated with F. nucleatum. This study was to assess the effectiveness of IgY on periodontitis and halitosis caused by F. nucleatum in vitro and in vivo. The growth of F. nucleatum was inhibited (p <0.05) by different concentrations of IgY in vitro and the results of a Halimeter show volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were reduced to $904{\pm}57ppb$ at a concentration 40 mg/ml of IgY. The changes of fatty acids of F. nucleatum were determined using GC-MS. The scores for odor index of rat saliva were decreased. The major constituent of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including short-chain acids decreased 46.2% in 10 mg/ml IgY, ammonia decreased 70% in 40 mg/ml IgY, while aldehydes and olefine ketones were almost unchanged. The ELISA assay revealed that IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were decreased after 4 weeks' IgY treatment. Morphometric (X-ray) and histological analyses (HE) showed that IgY reduced alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers became orderly in rat models. As a result, IgY may have the potential to treat periodontitis and halitosis.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.3_spc
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 2021

Objective: Astaxanthin is a natural super antioxidant. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of astaxanthin rich Phaffia rhodozyma (PR) supplementation in diets on laying production performance, egg quality, antioxidant defenses and immune defenses in laying hens. Methods: A total of five hundred and twelve 60-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens (2,243±12 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, each including 4 replicates with 32 birds per replicate. Astaxanthin rich PR was added to corn-soybean meal diets to produce experimental diets containing 0 (Control), 800 mg/kg, 1,200 mg/kg, and 1,600 mg/kg PR, respectively. The astaxanthin content in the diet was 0.96 mg/kg, 1.44 mg/kg and 1.92 mg/kg respectively. Results: Results showed that dietary PR supplementation tended to increase daily feed intake (p = 0.0512). There was no effect of astaxanthin rich PR on Haugh units, albumen height, egg shape index, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness at weeks 6 (p>0.05). However, egg yolk color was significantly improved (p<0.05). In addition, astaxanthin rich PR supplementation significantly increased serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity (p<0.05), increased serum immunoglobulin G content (p<0.05), and reduced malondialdehyde content (p<0.05) in laying hens. Conclusion: In conclusion, astaxanthin rich PR can improve the color of egg yolk, enhance the antioxidant defenses, and regulate the immune function.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the principle components and internal quality of eggs by age of laying hens and weight standard. The eggs (2,140 in total) used were from Hy-Line Brown reared from 18 to 63 weeks of ages and all were higher than appearance grade B by animal grading standard of Korea. Eggs were investigated their principle components, internal quality index, and their relationship. The weights of whole egg, shell, yolk, and albumen were increased while albumen height and Haugh unit were decreased by age of laying hens. When the composition of egg was investigated after sorting by ages, the ratio of egg yolk increased while that of albumen decreased. Egg shell composition was not shown significant difference by age. Age of laying hens had positive correlation with the weights of whole egg, shell, yolk, and albumen while albumen height and Haugh unit showed negative correlation. Also, the albumen height and Haugh unit were decreased by increase of weight of whole egg or principle components of egg.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of food-waste(FW) between weeks(0, 1, 2, 3, 4 week) and additive levels(0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20%) on egg production and egg qualify in laying hens. One hundred sixty two White Leghorn laying hens at fifty weeks of age were used for this work. There was no significant difference on feed intake, egg production, and egg weight among all treatments. But, 20% FW group was decreased at 1, 2, and 3 week on egg production and it was recovered at 4 weeks(p<0.05). There was no difference on the eggshell thickness and egg yolk index among all treatments. However, eggshell breaking strength were $4.13kg/cm^2\;and\;4.04kg/cm^2$ at 3 week and 4 week, individually, and there was difference on eggshell breaking strength(p<0.05). Haugh unit and egg yolk color were high at 20% FW group as 92.3 and 9.4, individually, and there was shown the significant increasing in weeks and additive levels(p<0.05). Conclusionally, 20% FW group was decreased on egg production, while 5% FW group was maintained on egg production, and haugh unit and egg yolk color were cleary developed. Therefore, if the nutrients balance of FW diets were controlled, FW diets will be used with one of the valuable feed sources.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.112-116
• /
• 2008

Powdery mildew of Paprika caused by Leveillula taurica has been a serious problem in greenhouse. It is an unusual endophytic powdery mildew because the mycelia grow inside the leaf, such that the pale yellow lesions on adaxial surfaces appear first and the white powdery lesion/signs develop later on the corresponding to the spots of the abaxial leaf surface, where the conidiophores are typically emerge through the stomatal opening. Although one foliar application of cooking oil and yolk mixture(COY) to the foliage was not practically effective enough, two or three, weekly application of COY to the foliage at either 0.3 or 0.5% concentration resulted in excellent control against powdery mildew with disease index less/lower than 1, respectively. This treatment could provide protection for three weeks, which, we believe, is not only cost-effective, but also environment-friendly. Powdery mildew fungus was affected by COY treatment quickly which is recognizable in three days. Net photosynthesis and evapotranspiration was remarkably reduced by powdery mildew infection compared to healthy leaves, suggesting that prevention and early protection is the most critical strategy for peak paprika fruit yield. Moreover, COY treatment did not adversely affect the photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of foliages.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.404-409
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the reproductive cycle of the female hairychin goby, Sagamia geneionema, histologically. The fecundity of female hairychin goby ranged from 1,002 to 1,240 eggs when they reached a total length of 9.1-10.0 cm. Fecundity is related to total length. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from December (1.87$\pm$0.46) and reached a maximum in April (11.57$\pm$1.92). The histological changes in the ovary were correlated with the GSI. Oocytes at the chromatin-nucleolus and peri-nucleolus stages were observed in the ovary year-round. In December, oocytes containing yolk appeared in the ovaries of a few fish. Most oocytes appearing in January were at the yolk globule stage. The frequency of oocytes appearing at the yolk globule stage from January to March was higher than in other months. Subsequently, empty follicles and atretic oocytes were observed in the ovaries in May. Based on the histological observations of gonad development and the monthly change in the GSI, the reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: growing (October to November), mature (December to January), ripe and spawning (February to April), and degenerative and resting (May to September) stages. The histological observations of ovaries during the spawning period indicate that this species is a multiple spawner with abbreviated iteroparity based on the developmental pattern of oocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.22 no.1 s.35
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2006

Gonadosomatic index (GSI), oogenesis and reproductive cycle of Glossaulax didyma were investigated by the cytological histological obserbations and morphometric data. Samples were collected monthly from the intertidal zone of Biin Bay, Seocheon, Korea, for one year. Monthly variations in the GSI showed similar patterns with gonadal development. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were invovled in the formation of lipid droplet and yolk precursor. In the late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of profeid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting membrane. The spawning season was from early June to late August, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the seawater temperature was above $19^{\circ}C$. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (December to February), late active stage (February to March), ripe stage (April to July), spawning stage (June to August), recovery stage (August to November). Fully mature oocytes were approximately $250-270{\mu}m$ in diameter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.9
• /
• pp.1407-1413
• /
• 2019

Objective: This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of different sources and inclusion levels of dietary fat on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens raised under hot environmental conditions. Methods: A total of 480 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 31 wk of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 experimental diets. The control diet contained 2,800 kcal/kg nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy with no fat addition. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 2.0% or 4.0% of animal fat (AF) or soybean oil (SO). Energy and nutrient concentrations were consistent among all diets. Diets were fed to hens for 4 weeks. Average daily room temperature and humidity were $26.7^{\circ}C{\pm}1.52^{\circ}C$ and $77.4%{\pm}4.50%$. The heat stress index was approximately 76, indicating that hens were raised under heat stress conditions. Results: Final body weight (BW) was greater (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing 2.0% or 4.0% AF than for those fed the control diet or diets containing 2.0% or 4.0% SO. The BW gain and feed intake were greater (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing additional AF or SO than those fed the control diet. Eggshell thickness was the greatest (p<0.05) for hens fed the control diet, but the least (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing 4.0% SO. Egg yolk color was the greatest (p<0.05) for hens fed the control diet, but the least (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing 4.0% SO. Conclusion: Inclusion of supplemental fat (AF and SO) in diets exhibits preventative effects on BW loss for hens raised under hot environmental conditions when energy and nutrient concentrations in diets were maintained. The effects were greater for AF than for SO. However, inclusion of supplemental fat in diets decreases eggshell thickness and egg yolk yellowness, possibly due to a reduction in Ca absorption and intake of egg yolk colorants.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild yeast mutant), Saccharomyces cerevisiae hFeHLC (ferritin containgig yeast) and chelated Fe diets on the Productivity and egg qualify of laying hens. A total of 245 'Brown Tetra' layers 35 weeks aged was randomly alloted to seven dietary treatments : 1) control diet no iron added, 2) diet supplemented $0.1\%$ wild yeast mutant (YM03), 3) diet supplemented $1.0\%$ wild yeast mutant (YM03), 4) diet supplemented $0.1\%$ ferritin with yeast (YF04), 5) diet supplemented $1.0\%$ ferritin with yeast (YF04), 6) diet supplemented $0.01\%$ chelated Fe and 7) diet supplemented $0.1\%$ chelated Fe. The egg Production rate was significantly increased in layers 134 Fe supplemented diets (p<0.05). Egg weight was significantly reduced in layers fed $0.1\%$ chelated Fe diet (P<0.05). Fe content of egg yolk was significantly increased in $1.0\%$ YF04 and $0.1\%$ chelated Fe treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in shape index, albumin index and yolk index of eggs of layers fed diets Fe supplementation (P>0.05). The haugh unit of eggs was significantly increased in layers fed YM03, YF04 and chelated Fe supplemented diets (p<0.05). TBA value of egg was significantly increased in different iron Fe treatments except of $0.1\%$ YM03 (P<0.05). The yolk cole. of eggs was significantly increased in $1.0\%$ YF04 diet (P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated coconut charcoal (ACC) on Performance, e99 quality and Plasma cholesterol level of Plasma in laying hens. One hundred forty four, 47-wk-old, ISA Brown commercial layers were used in a 28-d feeding trial after a 7-d adjustment Period. Four dietary treatments were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5e% levees of ACC supplemented to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Egg Production was significantly increased as the levels of ACC increased. However, egg weight was significantly decreased by the addition of ACC in diets. Egg shell breaking strength tended to decrease as the level of ACC increased, however, no significance was found in this respect. As the levels of ACC increased, egg shell thickness decreased significantly. Although not significant, yolk color tended to increase by the addition of ACC. Egg folk index were significantly increased by the addition of ACC In diet. No significant difference was found among four treatments in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations in plasma. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ACC to layer diets could be used to increase egg Production, and yolk index.