• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of egg consumption and suggest proper guidelines for consumption of eggs by determining the relationship between eggs and cholesterol. Methods: Literature review was conducted on the relationship between nutritional, functional properties of eggs and serum cholesterol, as well as cardiovascular disease. Results: Eggs, which are a good protein food with complete amino acid composition, contain vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin $B1_2$, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, iron, choline, selenium, ${\beta}$-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, etc. However the egg yolk has a high cholesterol content, which is associated with chronic diseases, including heart disease and hypertension. As a result, its intake is subject to regulation. Outbreak of heart disease by yolk intake can show different results depending on the characteristics of the subjects, amount of egg intake, and the implications of other foods eaten. It is difficult to determine whether eggs are beneficial, as they are the main supplying source for other major nutritive elements as well. Several research studies insist that when cholesterol intake increases by 100 mg, the level of serum cholesterol increases by 2.2~4.5 mg/dL and when serum cholesterol increases by 1%, the risk of heart disease increases by 2%. This indicates that a large intake of eggs can increase the risk of heart disease. Although the cholesterol of egg yolk and serum cholesterol are correlated, it is insufficient to conclude that only cholesterol and not other components are related to heart disease. In fact, other components in egg such as various unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids could be related as well. Rather than concluding egg as a 'good' or 'bad' food according to its cholesterol content, it is important to define egg as a part of dietary patterns. Conclusion: Generalizing an indiscriminate and uniform amount of egg intake for all seems inadequate. However, patients with diabetes or heart disease should pay particular attention to the amount of egg intake. As for the norm, eating egg with vegetables as a substitute for other animal products seems beneficial.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2012

Phosvitin was extracted from a chicken egg yolk and the iron-binding, along with antioxidative activity of the extracted phosvitin, was determined after mixing with ground beef at the concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/kg of meat. The electrophoretic pattern of the extracted phosvitin on SDS-PAGE was found to be identical to that of the standard phosvitin. The extracted phosvitin at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL showed an ability to bind approximately 65% of the iron in a 3 mM iron solution. Lipid oxidation was inhibited in the ground beef mixed with 500 mg/kg of the extracted phosvitin, during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ compared to that of the control (p<0.05). Additionally, color stability of ground beef containing the extracted phosvitin was enhanced (p<0.05). The pH, cooking loss, texture, and sensory properties of the ground beef were not affected, by adding up to 500 mg/kg of the extracted phosvitin. This result suggests that the phosvitin extracted from egg yolk could be used as an antioxidant reagent. In particular, phosvitin would be more amenable for use in meat products because it is a natural protein derived from animal products.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the Agaricus bisporus stem residue (ABSR) on the performance, nutrients digestibility, antioxidant activity of laying hens, and its effects on egg storage to determine the appropriate dosage of ABSR, so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective utilization of ABSR. Methods: A total of 384 53-wk-old Nongda III layers were randomly divided into six treatments, four replicates in each treatment and 16 birds in each replicate. The control treatment was fed with basic diet, while experimental treatments were fed with diets of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% ABSR respectively. The experimental period was 56 d. Results: The results showed that compared with the control treatment, ABSR had no significant effect on laying performance (p>0.05). The crude protein and total energy digestibility of experimental treatments was significantly higher than those of control treatment (p<0.05). When eggs were stored for 1 wk, 2 wk, and 3 wk at 25℃, there were no significant differences in egg storage between the experimental treatments and the control treatment (p>0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum of the experimental treatments were significantly higher than those of the control treatment (p<0.05), and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content did not change dramatically. SOD activity in yolk of experimental treatments was significantly higher than that in control treatment (p<0.05); MDA content in yolk was markedly lower than that in control treatment (p<0.05). The activity of GSH-Px and SOD in yolk of experimental treatments was significantly higher than that of control treatment stored at 25℃ for 21 d, and the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of control treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: ABSR can be used to improve the antioxidant activity of laying hens without affecting laying performance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigated the short-term effects of early weaning and protein intake on organ and cell growth, nitrogen metabolism and physiological functions of rats. Five groups of early weaned rats separated from the dam on the 15th day postpartum were each given one five diets consisting of either one of the three levels of casein-low(8%), -normal (16%), and -high(32%), or a normal level (16%) of isolated soy protein(ISP) or egg yolk protein, for 7 days. The normal weaned rats were fed maternal breast milk for three weeks from birth. On the 22nd day postpartum , all the rats were sacrificed . The weight gain of the early weaned rats, especially the ones fed high protein, was observed to be significantly lower than that of the normal weaned rats. By the 15th day, of early weaning and especially in the ISP-fed rats, the total DNA contents of liver and kidney, which may be said to represent an index of cell numbers, significantly decreased, but their fresh and dry weight and protein/DNA ratio, allegedly representing an index of cell size, significantly increased , not affecting the cell number and cell size of brain. There were no differences in total serum protein and albumin concentrations between early and normal weaned rats. In the early weaned rats observed , the serum urea N and $\alpha$-amino N concentrations significantly increased in high protein-fed rats, and decreased in low protein-fed rats. Another observation was that no significant difference was noticed as regards to serum GOT activity, total bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine concentration, which may represent indices of liver and kidney functions, among rat groups, GPT activity was an exception . These results suggest that premature weaning and the quality and quantity of dietary protein significantly affect organ and cell growth and nitrogen metabolism but does not seriously affect physiological functions in the neonatal development of rats.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.10-28
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• 1987

노랑초파리(Drosophila melanogaster)의 난자형성과정 중 egg chamber 이외의 조직에서 합성, 이입될 수 있는 가능성을 배제한 상태에서 egg chamber에서 일어나는 단백질 합성양상의 변화를 연구하였다. 단백질 합성률은 전반적으로 큰 변화를 보이지 않으나 난황형성, 난황막형성, 그리고 난각형성이 겹쳐 이루어지는 11-12에서는 높고, 성숙이 완료되는 단계 14에서는 낮았다. 누적 및 합성 단백질의 수와 종류가 단계에 따라 크게 변하고 있으며, 노랑초파리의 난자형성이 비록 짧은 기간동안에 이루어질지도 단계에 따라 특이한 단백질 합성 변화를 보이고 있다. 이러한 단백질의 합성은 주로 여포세포에서 이루어지는 것으로 생각되며, 노랑초파리의 난포세포의 성장 및 성숙을 위해서는 egg chamber 이외의 조직 뿐만 아니라 egg chamber 내의 세포 자체에 의한 단백질 합성이 직접적으로 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 1983

발암물질의 영향하에서 단백질 합성의 변화를 알고자 발암원의 일종인 4NQO를 발생중의 계배 난황난에 주입하여 연구하였다. 각 장기에서 발생의 진행과 병행하여 단백질과 당점액질의 합성양상에 변화가 있었으며 대조군에 비하여 4NQO 처리군에서 일반적으로 각 단백질과 당점액질이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 4NQO의 영향은 조직간에 특이적이었으며 심근에서는 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었으나 특히 4NQO 처리 24시간후의 허파와 사낭근에서는 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 이로써 4NQO는 조직특이적이기는 하나 단백질과 당점액질의 합성에 영향을 비친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.257-278
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• 1985

Phenyalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine 과 같은 방향족 아미노산을 계배 초기에 투여하였을 때 somite 형성에 미치는 영향을 광학 및 전자현미경을 사용하여 형태적으로 추구한 결과 아미노산을 투여한 계배에서는 불완전한 체절 분절 현상이 일어나고 신경계에도 감쇠 영향을 미치며 somite의 발생이 불완전하고 그 크기도 다양하였다. 또한 체절 세포는 chromatin이 응축되고 미토콘드리아의 일부는 파괴되었고 핵이 변형된 경우도 있었다. 부란 24시간 후 아미노산을 투여하고 15일간 부란한 계배의 경우 단백질이나 핵산은 대조군에 비해 크게 저하되지는 않았으나 lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase 및 glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase와 같은 기초대사에 중요한 구실을 하는 효소활성은 크게 저하되었다. 이와 같은 실험결과로부터 초기계배에 아미노산을 투여하면 아마도 yolk granule의 분해가 지연되며 결과적으로 세포내의 아미노산 균형이 파괴되어 정상 대사가 이루어지지 못하여 비정상적인 체절형성의 현상이 나타나게 되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2001

기존의 미세주입 및 정자 electroporation에 의한 보다 효율적인 유전자 도입방법을 개선하여 간단하고 고효율성의 유전자 변환기술을 위한 유전자 도입장치의 시제품 개발로 다수의 난자를 전기적으로 단순화할 수 있는 상업화의 가능성을 보여주었다. 도입된 유전자는 모든 초기배에서 발현됨을 보여 주었다. 특히 난황내의 합포체세포(syncytium)에서의 transient성의 강한 발현은 전기자극에 의해 많은 수의 난자에 유전자를 도입하고 100% 발현되는 체계를 이용하여 transient 시기에서 인간 유용단백질 생산의 가능성을 타진할 수 있는 결과를 보여 주었다. 어류유전자 발현의 작동되는가를 검색하기 위해 신경세로조직특이 tubulin promoter 를 이용한 결과 gfp의 발현이 뇌주변과 척추를 중심으로 체내 전반의 신경세포내에 발현이 강하게 나타남을 보여 주었다. 한편 reporter 유전자 이외에 간세포로부터 전체 RNA를 분리시켜 vitellogenin의 분해산물인 phosvitin cDNA의 길이와 promoter지역인 1.6 kb에 대한 primer쌍들을 선정한 상태에서 PCR에 의해 각각 cDNA와 gDNA로부터 cloning 중에 있으며 human factor Ⅶ과 epidermal growth factor, vitellogenin의 3종의 target 단백 질유전자를 구축 및 검정 화인 중에 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1553-1561
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• 2004

Two feeding trials were conducted with 128 pullets from 4 to 20 weeks of age and 96 laying hens from 23 to 63 weeks of age to evaluate the effects of scavenging and type of protein supplement on the feed intake and performance of improved pullets and laying hens. The experiments had a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments and four replicates. Treatments were: Control (Cont), scavenging but with access to a balanced concentrate at night; confinement (CF) and given the control feed ad libitum; scavenging and supplemented at night with the control feed, but with soybean meal replaced by cassava leaf meal (CLM); scavenging and supplemented at night with the control feed, but with fishmeal replaced y soybean meal (SBM). The mean daily dry matter (DMI), metabolizable energy (MEI) and crude protein intakes (CPI) of the pullets and laying hens, respectively, were 28%, and 18% higher for the confinement treatment (CF) compared to the scavenging treatments (p<0.001). The DMI, MEI and CPI of the pullets were not significantly different among scavenging treatments (p>0.05), but for the layers DMI, MEI and CPI were significantly higher for the CLM and SBM treatments compared to the Cont treatment (p<0.001). In the growing period, the average daily weight gain (ADG), supplement feed conversion ratio (FCR) and supplement feed cost/kg eggs (FCS) were not significantly different for CF compared to Cont, and among scavenging treatments (p>0.05). In the laying period, the hen-day production was significantly lower, and supplement FCR and FCS significantly higher for the CF compared to the scavenging treatments (p<0.001). Egg weight, and yolk, albumen and shell percentage and shape index were not significantly different among the scavenging treatments (p>0.05). However, shell and yolk percentages were significantly lower for the CF compared to the Cont treatment (p<0.01). Mortality was significantly higher for the CF compared to the scavenging treatments for pullets, and was significantly lower for the CF compared to scavenging treatments for laying hens (p<0.001). It was concluded that scavenging pullets and layers were getting around 28% and 18%, respectively, of their nutrient requirements from scavenging activities, resulting in correspondingly lower supplement feed conversion ratios and feed costs. Daily gains of the pullets were not affected by scavenging or protein supplement, but egg production and mortality were lower for the confined hens.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 1992

Endodermal sinus tumor[EST] of the mediastinum is a rare germ cell neoplasm. It usually arises from the ovaries and testes but also arises from multiple extragonadal site including the mediastinum. Characteristically, alpha feto protein level is high and used for monitoring the clinical course. EST of the mediastinum is poor prognosis because of its direct invasion. The patient was 18 month old female with chief complaints of cough and fever. In the chest X-ray and CT, large encapsulated, 7x6cm sized, mass of anterior med-iastinum was found, and we could excise it completely because it was well encapsulated and not invaded but only adhered to aortic arch, pericardium and left upper lung. And confirmed it as EST by histopathology. Pre-operative alpha feto protein[AFP] level as 41,748ng/ml and decreased to 2, 663ng /ml at 14th postoperative day, 644ng /ml at 31th postoperative day. From 17th post-operative day, chemotherapy was started and keep going now.