• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.577-584
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine how the term Yin-Yang and Sasang categorized in the book "Huangdineijing". In order to investigate how the terms are used, we reviewed the text including the terms expressed in the manner of [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] and [Sasang]. We found three forms of expressions; [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)], [Sasang], [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)]. Two paragraphs of [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] was found in one chapter, two paragraphs of [(Sasang)] was found in two chapters, and three paragraphs of [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)] was found in three chapters. We found five types of relation between [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)], [Sasang], and five phases in "Huangdi neijing" as follows; (1) Yang within Yin, lesser Yang, and wood (2) Yang within Yang, greater Yang, and fire (3) ( ), ( ), and extreme Yin (4) Yin within Yang, lesser Yin, and metal, and (5) Yin within Yin, greater Yin, and water. And, as for the [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] and [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)], the classification criteria for Yin-Yang were brightness, abdomen/back or lumbar. The order of Sasang with the description form of [Sasang] or [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)] in "Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun" and "Liu Jie ZangXiang Theory" was lesser Yang, greater Yang, greater Yin, and lesser Yin, which is based on the meridian system or a plant-shaped change order. We discussed the results and its implication for the analysis of medical classics with the consideration of previous studies on Yin-Yang theories in "Huangdi neijing".

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.563-569
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• 2013

This study was undertaken to apply the yin-yang theory in action potential. In order to apply the yin-yang theory in action potential, nature of yin and yang, interrelation of yin and yang and action potential in cell were reviewed. According to the yin-yang theory, inner cellular space corresponds to yin, but outer cellular space corresponds to yang. If we classify ions in intracellular fluid or extracellular fluid by nature of yin and yang, potassium(K+) corresponds to yang within yin(陰中之陽), protein(Pr-) corresponds to yin within yin(陰中之陰) in intracellular fluid, and sodium(Na+) corresponds to yang within yang(陽中之陽), chloride(Cl-) corresponds to yin within yang(陽中之陰) in extracellular fluid. Double donnan equilibrium and equilibrium potential were caused by intracellular anion(Pr-) and extracellular cation(Na+) are related with mutual rooting of yin and yang(陰陽互根) and opposition of yin and yang(陰陽對立). The influx and efflux of ion through cell membrane means waxing and waning of yin and yang(陰陽消長), the change of membrane potential means yin-yang conversion(陰陽轉化) during action potential.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-223
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper studied the different disease sites according to Yin and Yang deviation and the principal to applying the Five Shu Points acupuncture method to these sites of the Yin-Yang needling method as explained in the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu. Methods : Of the seasonal needling method in the Neijing, the principle to managing the Five Shu Points and indications of each point were examined. Next, clinical applications of the Five Shu Points were analyzed. Descriptions of clinical expression were collected and examined to understand the underlying pattern. Results : If we connect the disease sites of the Yin-Yang needling method to the Five Shu Points needling method according to the seasonal changes, the Yang of Yin connects to Spring, Yin of Yang to Summer, Yang of Yang to Autumn, and Yin of Yin to Winter. Of the needling site, the collateral vessel is the collateral vessel of Spring, 'Meridian of Yin' is the meridian of the Yin domain or the meridian points of the Yin meridian. 'He of Yang' is the He point of the Yang meridian, and the Yin Xing and Shu are the Xing and Shu points of the Yin meridian. Upon examining cases in the Neijing where the Five Shu Points were applied, it could be found that the Xing and Shu points of the Yin meridian were used together, while the He point of the Yang meridian was used to eliminate Yang pathogen or to stimulate Yang qi, which matches the Yin-Yang needling method of the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu. Conclusions : The Yin and Yang of the needling sites from the Yin-Yang needling method in the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu refers to the Yin and Yang meridians, or the Yin and Yang domains. In the context of disease site description, the former Yin and Yang describes a spatial aspect, while the latter Yin and Yang refers to the vicissitudes of qi according to temporal change.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1347-1355
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• 2003

The adapted scope of the Opening-covering-axis of Three-yin-three-yang can summary two parts. the first, former treatise of Gyeng-Lak emphasized the line structure by point and line but now we can understand expansible structure as not only line but also space of structure by the space structure of six-meeting. So the application of Gyeng-Lak can be various by extensive analysis of the Hand-three-yin-three-yang in Sky(Yang) including the Foot-three-yin-three-yang in Ground (Vin), even if the original text has limited examples. The second, former additional explanations of Hwangjenegyeng Sanghanlon by doctors can be profoundly analysis about the pathology and cure process of Three-yin-three-yang of human body. It has base on the metaphorically symbolized theory of Three-yin-three-yang. This is the Saeng-jang-shu-chang of So-yin, Tae-yang, Yang-myeng, So-yang. Tae-yin, Guel-yin in order. Also the circulation of Opening-covering-axis of Three-yin-three-yang has order in Tae-yang (Opening), Yang-myeng (Covering), So-yang (Axis), Tae-yin (Opening), Guel-yin (Covering), So-yin(Axis).

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2013

Objectives : I would find out the exact interpretation and meaning of 'Yin sheng ze Yang bing Yang sheng ze Yin bing' in "Su Wen(素問) Yin Yang Yin Xiang Da Lun(陰陽應象大論)". Methods : I had searched the opinions of annotators about this paragraph and compared treatment principles that clinicians, such as Son Samak(孫思邈), Lee Cheon developed. Results : This paragraph is related to theory of the paragraph 'chong han ze re(重寒則熱), chong re ze han(重熱則寒)'. Yin and Yang in Yin sheng and Yang sheng mean the chill and heat of herb, food or symptoms, Yin and Yang in Yang bing and Yin bing mean outer and inner portion in body. Conclusions : The meaning of this paragraph moved from the aspect of recuperation to the aspect of disease-related change.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 2013

Objectives : I would find out the interpretation of cong Yin yin Yang(從陰引陽) cong Yang yin Yin(從陽引陰) in Su Wen(素問) Yin Yang Yin Xiang Da Lun(陰陽應象大論) and its clinical meanings. Methods : I had searched the opinions of annotators about this paragraph and compared treatment principles that TCM clinicians, such as Li Dong-yuan(李東垣), Zhang Jie-bin (張介賓), Yu Jia-yan(喩嘉言) developed. Results : This paragraph is related to treatment principles of the paragraph Yang bing zhi Yin(陽病治陰) Yin bing zhi Yang. Li Dong-yuan applied it to treatment principle of internal injuries(內傷病), Zhang Jie-bin extended its clinical meanings to the opposite treatment principles(反治) such as gu han wu xie(求汗於血) sheng Qi wu Jing(生氣於精), yin huo gui yuan(引火歸源) and na Qi gui shen(納氣歸腎), Yu Jia-yan used it as treatment principle of tuo zheng(脫症). Conclusion : This paragraph can mean several messages and be applied to several treatment principles.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.465-477
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• 2014

In Korean Medicine (KM), the Yin-Yang doctrine is still used as a theoretical tool for understanding and explaining the clinical experiences. However, as the traditional culture declined in East Asia and the scientific culture took over, there was an increased negative view on the Yin-Yang doctrine, and thus a heightened distrust over KM. For KM to survive in an unfamiliar culture of science, a novel outlook on the Yin-Yang doctrine is needed. In this sense, I consider a thoroughly medical take on the Yin-Yang doctrine to be most important. The focus needs to be on the goals of medicine: this includes riddance of any discourses on Yin-Yang that cannot contribute to the goals, and an enhancement of the Yin-Yang concept as a rational and scientific terminology. One way to achieve this is by understanding Yin-Yang as a type of metaphor. The Yin-Yang doctrine that is utilized in KM corresponds well to the conceptual metaphor suggested by Lakoff and Johnson. As a metaphor, the Yin-Yang concept plays a role in structuring the target domain, that is life phenomena, metaphorically. Through the Yin-Yang metaphors, the life phenomena are understood as the Yin-Yang phenomena, and are systematically organized by the subcategories contained in the Yin-Yang doctrine. Understanding Yin-Yang as a metaphor is a good way to enhance the Yin-Yang concept and doctrine as a rational terminology and method.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

Hwangjenegyeng somun. Treatise on the parting and Meeting of Yin-Yang is the theory of the parting and meeting about Yin-Yang. It is harmonized treatise Yin-Yang and systemic constant. Taechung and Gwangmyeng are the concretely applied form of the parting and meeting of Yin-Yang at human body. The parting and Meeting of Three-Yin- Three-Yang has six types symbols of circulated Yin-Yang. They have Six-meeting space structure as match like up-down, backside and front-side, left-side and right-side. These pairs express symbolized meaning of creation of Saeng-jang-shu-chang and also apply the same things. Somum Treatise on the Parting and Meeting of Yin-Yang explains acting of human body by the parting and meeting of Three-yin-three-yang as six structures of Opening-covering-axis of Three-yin-three-yang. This principal is expression of the parting and meeting of Yin-Yang and concretes the opening and closing of circulation process for symmetry by each acting of Three-yin-three-yang. As result. the match of six-meeting in space structure and the Opening-covering-axis of Three-yin-three-yang are the basic principal of oriental medicine about the treatise of Gyeng-Lak and the treatise of Six-Gyeng of Sanghanlon.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

In Chinese philosophy, the concept of Yin and Yang, in the era of the Early China, applies to many more philosophical categories than merely the relationship between the sunny side and the shady side of the sun. A whole series of possible interactions between the Yin and Yang in life is contained in the Chinese Book of Changes, the I Ching. The philosophical theory and the origin of natural sciences of the I Ching is imbued in the Nei Ching. having absorbed and developed the essence of Book of Changes, the Nei Ching reflects the spirit of science. Under the influence of Book of Changes, as well as its idea of Yin and Yang, peculiar at the time, the Nei Ching adapts the essences of the theory of Yin and Yang. The contribution made by the Nei Ching to the development of the philosophical concepts of Yin and Yang lies in that it combines those philosophical concepts with medicine and makes this the basic theory of Chinese medicine. In the Nei Ching, the Yin and Yang theory asserts that the human body is an organic whole, and there exists an organic connection between all tissues and structures. Therefore, the Yin and Yang functions as an essential life that plays a major role of the organic interrelation, the mutual control, and the mutual assistance. Yet, at the same time, each of them can be divided into the opposite aspects of yin and yang. Yin and yang depend on each other for existence. Without yin, there would be no yang, Without yang, there would be no yin. Neither can exist in isolation. Thus the interrelation of Yin and Yang is premised on the two opposite forces and aspects as the underlying cause of all change of Yin and Yang.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning and the yin-yang properties of the six qi and the three yin and three yang as well as to understand the relationship between the six qi and the three yin and three yang. Methods : As the concept of six qi is the six climatic influences after all, I tried to grasp the yin and yang properties of the six qi on the basis of the meteorology and Yun Qi theory. Based on this I studied the concept and properties of the three yin and three yang. Results and Conclusions: (1) Among the six qi, cold and heat refer to temperature, dryness and dampness to humidity, and wind and ministerial fire to atmospheric pressure. Wind is an ascending air current while ministerial fire is a descending air current. Therefore, wind, heat, and dampness are the yang, and ministerial fire, dryness, and cold are the yin. (2) Three yin and three yang represent changes of ying and yang of all things following six qi changes. Simple deviation of qi can be described by yin and yang, but consequent changes in form required further developed concepts of three yin and three yang. In other words, the changes of the form caused by wind, heat, and dampness are namely reverting yin, lesser yin, and greater yin respectively, while the changes of the form caused by ministerial fire, dryness, and cold are expressed as lesser yang, yang brightness, and greater yang respectively.