• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2022

Objectives : Background research on the history of Huangbo's taste being written as 'pungent' was undertaken, after which its clinical meaning was examined from the medical perspective that was behind the medicinal's taste designation. Furthermore, through various understandings on the 'pungent' taste within the process of clinical application, the meaning of 'pungent' in Korean medicinal research was re-evaluated. Methods : Description of Huangbo's taste as 'pungent' as written in medical texts were chronologically examined to determine its origin. The clinical meaning of the pungent taste of Huangbo was examined within the broad medical perspective of doctors who were behind these descriptions. Results & Conclusions : The pungent taste of Huangbo was first described by Zhang Yuansu, followed by doctors of the Yishui School such as Li Dongyuan, Wang Haogu, etc., during which such knowledge was established and contributed to recognition of Huangbo's effect as tonifying Kidney deficiency and treatment of fire within water, after reaching the Kidney. Li Dongyuan understood the meaning of Huangbo's pungent taste as eliminating Yin fire and restoring the upward direction, ultimately restoring the general 'Rising-Falling-Floating-Sinking' mechanism within the context of his inner damage treatment. On the other hand, Zhu Danxi interpreted the pungentness of Huangbo based on his understanding of the nature of fire and action towards it. It seems as Huangbo's effects were understood within a relatively narrow frame, application of its pungent taste became vague, which gave rise to criticism by later period doctors, ultimately leading to an ambiguous understanding of the pungent taste of Huangbo.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2023

Objectives This study was written to report Korean medicine treatment for obese children. Methods This study included obese children who visited the Department of Korean Pediatrics at the Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from September 18, 2020 to March 30, 2023. Height and weight at the first visit and on the day of the last herbal medicine termination were measured, and changes before and after treatment were observed. Liver function tests were performed before and after the treatment. Results Of the nine obese children who received Korean medicine treatment, five were male (55.6%) and four, female (44.4%). In term of age, there were five 8-year-olds (55.6%), two 6-year-olds, and two 10-year-olds (22.2%); the patients' mean age was 8.00 ± 1.414 years. The treatment period was more than three months, and the average treatment period was 177.11 ± 106.013 days. After treatment with Korean medicine, the patients' heights increased, and the body mass index (BMI) percentile and obesity decreased. Liver levels were maintained within the normal range without abnormal liver function after herbal medicine treatment, and no adverse reactions were observed during Korean medicine treatment. As a result of the pattern identification analysis, gastrointestinal damp-heat type and yin deficiency with internal heat were reported at a high frequency. Conclusions Korean medical treatment can reduce the degree of obesity without hindering the growth of childhood obesity.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate applications of 171 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix in Dongeuibogam. Methods : 171 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, etc. Results : 1. 27 times(15.79%) prescriptions are recorded in intumescence chapter, 21 times(12.28%) in fatigue chapter, 11 times(6.43%) in women chapter and 9 times(5.26%) in anus chapter, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Yin-yang deficiency treat herbs are ranked top, eliminating intumescence methods, bloody stool, discharging blood from one's vagina, yang deficiency treat herbs are ranked in order of frequency among 107 symptoms in prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 3. The dosages of Astragali Radix which is more used than Angelicae gigantis Radix are ranged from 3 puns:1 pun ~ 2 nyangs:1.5 nyangs. 1 jeon:5 puns is recorded 8 times(14.29%), 2 jeon:1 jeon is 7 times(12.50%), 1 jeon:3 puns and 1 jeon:7 puns are 24 times(11.2%), 1 nyang is 21 times(9.8%), same amount is 11 times(5.1%), 5 pun is 4 times(7.14%) each, 1.5 jeon:5 puns is 3 times(5.36%) used among 56 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 4. The dosages of Astragali Radix which is used same amount Angelicae gigantis Radix are ranged from 2.5 puns each ~ 2 nyangs each, 2.5 chons, same amount each. 1 jeon each is recorded 36 times(38.71%), 1 nyang each is 15 times(16.13%), 0.7 jeon each is recorded 12 times(12.90%), 0.5 jeon each is recorded 6 times(6.45%) used among 93 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 5. The dosages of Astragali Radix which is less used than Angelicae gigantis Radix are ranged from 3 puns:7 pun ~ 5 nyangs:12 nyangs. 1 jeon:1.5 jeons is recorded 3 times(13.64%), 0.8 jeon:1 jeon and 1 nyang:2 nyangs are 2 times(9.09%) each, the others are 1 time(4.55%) used among 22 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix. 6. The dosages of (Astragali Radix $\gg$ Angelicae gigantis Radix), (Astragali Radix = Angelicae gigantis Radix) and (Astragali Radix $\ll$ Angelicae gigantis Radix) which are recorded by counts (decoction groups: the other groups) are 52:4(92.86%:7.14%), 70:23(75.27%:24.73%), 13:9 (59.09%:40.91%) respectively. 7. The less using dosage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix has a more percentage of decoctions groups, The more using dosage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix has a more percentage of the other groups except decoctions. The less using prescriptions have an effects of controling yin and yang, enhancing blood and chi, etc, as a whole. The more using prescriptions as a form of compound powder have an effects in incurableness disease, chronic diseases, etc. Conclusions : The 171 prescriptions including Astragali Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Dangguibohyul-tang, Samool-tang, Sagoonja-tang and Gobangpoong-tang, Gamri-hwan, etc.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1359-1367
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• 2008

DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine) was made as a computerized assistant program for oriental medicine doctors to be able to diagnose with statistical basis. Then DSOM uses questionnaires filled out by subjects without enough explanatory guide. If the subject misunderstand the meaning of the passages, we might not rely on that result. So I designed this study to investigate the diagnostic correspondent rates between DSOM and practitioners. First, let the respondents answer to DSOM(DSOM-Ⅰ for the rest). After that, three doctors diagnosed the respondents and marked how much they had symptoms about 16 pathogenic factors in the score range 0${\sim}$5('0' means they didn't have that symptom, '1' means they had that symptom but mild, '3' means they had that symptom moderately, '5' means they had that symptom severely. And let the respondents answer to DSOM(DSOM-Ⅱ for the rest) again. Finally, we investigated the correspondent rates of diagnosis between DSOM-Ⅰ,Ⅱ and doctors'. We obtained conclusions as following. In the comparison of output frequency rate of the pathogenic factors, the difference between DSOM-Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 1%. In the correspondent rates of diagnosis between DSOM-Ⅰ,Ⅱ and doctors', In DSOM-Ⅰ and Ⅱ answered by subjects two times respectively, the correspondent rate was highest in insufficiency of Yang(陽虛) and liver(肝) as 93.2%, lowest in damp(濕) as 69.5% and showed 81.9% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean. In DSOM-Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and Doctors' diagnose, they showed the complete correspondent rates of 15.3${\sim}$61.0%, 15.3${\sim}$59.3% in individual pathogenic factor, 36.5%, 37.3% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean each, and within ${\pm}$1 errorrange, they showed the correspondent rates of 32.2${\sim}$93.2%, 35.6${\sim}$89.8% in individual pathogenic factor, 67.6%, 67.3% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean each, and within ${\pm}$2 error range, they showed the correspondent rates of 62.7${\sim}$98.3%, 71.2${\sim}$100% in individual pathogenic factor, 85.1 87.6%% in all 16 pathogenic factors mean each. In the correspondent rates of the severe case, In the cases that the Doctors' diagnostic score mean was over 3(the severity of disease is middle), there were deficiency of qi(氣虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), blood stasis(血瘀), damp(濕), liver(肝), heart(心), spleen(脾) and they all showed the correspondent rates of over 60 except blood stasis(血瘀). In the cases that the weighed pathogenic factor was above 9, the correspondent rates were 50${\sim}$100%. deficiency of qi(氣虛), blood-deficiency(血虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), blood stasis(血瘀), insufficiency of Yin(陽虛), insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), coldness(寒), heat (熱), damp(濕), dryness(燥), liver(肝), heart(心), spleen(脾), kidney(腎), phlegm(痰).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was done to investigate clinical frequency and correlation among the indicators of dampness-phlegm pattern identification settled by tentative Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for Stroke. Methods : The subjects were 147 hospitalized patients with stroke, and a list of registry was made for each of them. Among the five types of pattern identification, fire-heat, dampness-phlegm, blood-stasis and deficiency of Qi and of Yin, those that have shown a high frequency in dampness-phlegm type were categorized as the dampness-phlegm pattern group. Frequency of dampness-phlegm indicators was compared with those from the non-dampness-phlegm pattern group. Correlations among dampness-phlegm indicators were also studied. Results : 1. Dampness-phlegm pattern group included 26 patients out of 147. 2. Among the indicators of dampness-phlegm pattern. those, in order of highest frequency, were 'tiredness or sluggishness', 'white Coated tongue' and 'sputum'. 3. In comparing dampness-phlegm pattern group with non-dampness-phlegml group, the indicators such as 'lightheadedness', 'nigrescence', 'sputum', 'dermatic dysaesthesia' showed significantly high frequency. 4. Among the indicators, 'sputum' and 'tiredness or sluggishness', 'sputum' and 'yellow coated tongue', and 'white coated tongue' and 'yellow coated tongue' showed significant correlation. 5. In investigation of the correlation of scale in symptoms, various results such as positive correlation and negative correlation were obtained. Conclusion : In this study, more sensitive indicators of dampness-phlegm pattern identification were found. Based on these results, it is suggested that a more practical Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs of Stroke would be established through continuous clinical studies by giving weight on each specific type of pattern identification.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.223-251
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• 2017

Objectives : A lot of experiment results of Yugmijihwangtang(YM) are reported in various kinds of journals. Many of them report on the new effects that are not recorded in the traditional medical texts. So it is necessary to take it into consideration that newly reported effects could be of help to clinical practice, because this process of comparison of Donguibogam and scientific experiment results will have basis to lead into the evidence based medicine. Methods : We compared the effects of in Donguibogam and the experiment results of YM. Results : The effects of YM in Donguibogam are to replenish essence and marrow, and to treat red wen, fatigue, treat hypouresis, urinary sediment, urinary urgency, hematuria, hydrocephalus, speech and movement retardation, yin-deficiency, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver, melanoma, disability to see near and far sight, tinnitus, hearing loss, alopecia, angiogenesis, cough, cough at night, trachyphonia, and, infantile convulsion. The experiment results of YM since 2000 in both Korea and China are to inhibit atopic dermatitis, renal interstitial fibrosis, anti-oxidant, emphysema, stress, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, hemorrhage, plantar sweating, dermal aging, kidney aging, bone loss, breast cancer, pathological myocardial cell, primary liver cancer, thrombosis, osteoporosis, intrauterine growth retardation, chronic renal failure, IgA nepropathy, slow cerebral development, and hippocampal tissue lesions on the one hand, and to help bone formation, renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system, cerebral recovery, cognitive function and expression, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, learning and memory, cold-tolerance and oxygen deficit-tolerance and anti-fatigue, endometrial formation, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, immune regulation effect, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis, and spermatogenesis, on the other hand. Conclusion : When we compared the effects of YM with the experiment results of YM, there existed a considerable gap between them. So, from now on, it is expected that a great effort and consideration are needed to solve these gaps from an academic and clinical point of view.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

Objectives In this study, effects of Macmundongtang (MMT) on ATP or TNF-${\alpha}$ or PMA or EGF induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats were investigated. Materials and Methods Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30min in the presence of MMT and treated with ATP ($200{\mu}M$) or PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24hrs, to assess the effect of MMT both on ATP- or PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on gene expression by the same inducers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At the same time, hypersecretion of airway mucus was induced by exposure of rats to SO2 during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered MMT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was assesed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of MMT was assessed by investigating the potential damage of kidney and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN concentration of rats and the body weight gain during experiment, after administering MMT orally. Results (1) MMT did not only inhibit but also increased MUC5AC mucin productions and expression levels of MUC5AC gene from NCI-H292 cells. (2) MMT did not decrease the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (3) MMT did not show renal and hepatic toxicities and did not affect body weight gain of rats during experiment. Conclusions The result from the present study suggests that MMT might normalize the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in various respiratory diseases accompanied by yin-deficiency, without in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2011

1. Objectives: We aimed to propose a sub-classification system for the Taeeumin symptomatology by examining the Taeeumin pathology and symptomatology descriptions appearing in "Donguisusebowon". 2. Methods: The Gabo Edition and the Sinchuk Edition (the upgraded and revised edition) of "Donguisusebowon" were reviewed and examined for relevant information on the Taeeum pathology and symptomatology. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) In the Taeeumin symptomatology, the Exterior disease develops from the basic pathology of Esophagus-Cold and the Interior disease from that of Liver-Heat, eventually progressing to damage of the expirational and dispersive energy of the Lung Sector, the Prime Core Organ or the excessively small organ of the Taeeum constitutional type. The resulting pathology can be broadly defined as the "Lung-Dryness symptomatology". 2) The case reports introduced in the Exterior disease section, including the Zhang Zhongjing Mahuang-tang treatment, Prolonged-affliction disease treatment, and Exterior disease Pestilential disease treatment, share several points in common. They all arise from the pathology of "weakness in the Lung sector and deficiency in the Exterior sector", and they can all be assigned to the same symptomatological division that presents with systemic heat and cold intolerance; this symptomatology can be defined as the "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology", the milder subdivision of the exterior symptomatology. 3) The body of text appearing in the last part of the Interior disease section commonly referred to as the "Taeeumin Conspectus" is in fact not a conspectus when its contents are actually examined. Instead, it can be understood from its pathological and symptomatological descriptions that the passage is explaining the more severe subdivision of the exterior symptomatology that has progressed from Esophagus-Cold to a pathology characterized by damaged expirational and dipersive energy of the Lung Sector. 4) The relocation of the "dry-related pathology" indicates a change in perspective regarding the "Dry-related symptomatology", which caused the rearrangement of the Interior disease into divisions of Liver-Heat symptomatology that is characterized by fulminant heat pathology and Dry-Heat symptomatology that is also accompanied by Lung-Dryness. 5) The Interior disease Yin-Blood Consumptive symptomatology should be included in the Dry-Heat symptomatology in the pathological scheme. 6) Based on the above, the subdivisions of the Taeeumin symptomatology should be arranged as "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology" and "Lung-Dry-Cold symptomatology" in the Exterior disease and "Liver-Heat symptomatology" and "Dry-Heat symptomatology" in the Interior disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.819-823
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• 2014

Objective: The aim was to evaluate roles of vitamin D3 (VD3) and beta-carotene (BC) in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a high-risk area, Huai'an District, Huai'an City, China. Methods: 100 new ESCC diagnosed cases from 2007 to 2008 and 200 residency- age-, and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Data were collected from questionnaires, including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to calculate the BC intake, and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to measure the serum concentrations of BC and VD3. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in conditional logistic regression models. Results: The average dietary intake of BC was $3322.9{\mu}g$ (2032.4-5734.3) in the case group and $3626.8{\mu}g$ (1961.9-5827.9) in control group per capita per day with no significant difference by Wilcoxon test (p>0.05). However, the levels of VD3 and BC in the case group were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). The OR values of the highest quartile and the lowest quartile of VD3 and BC in serum samples were both 0.13. Conclusion: Our results add to the evidence that high circulating levels of VD3 and BC are associated with a reduced risk of ESCC in this Chinese population.