• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2022

Retrofitting in reinforced concrete structures has been one of the most important research topics in recent years. There are several methods for retrofitting RC moment-resisting frames. the most important of which is the use of steel bracing systems with yielding dampers. With a proper design of yielding dampers, the stiffness of RC frame systems can be increased to the required extent so that the ductility of the structure is not significantly reduced. In the present study, two experimental samples of a one-third scale RC moment-resisting frame were loaded in the laboratory. In these experiments, the retrofitting effect of RC frames was investigated using Non-uniform Slit Dampers (NSDs). Based on the experimental results of the samples, seismic parameters, i.e., stiffness, ductility, ultimate strength, strength reduction coefficient, and energy dissipation capacity, were compared. The results demonstrated that the retrofitted frame had very significant growth in terms of stiffness, ultimate strength, and energy dissipation capacity. Although the strength reduction factor and ductility decreased in the retrofitted sample. In general, the behavior of the frame with NSDs was evaluated better than the bare frame.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1990

Welded joint often contains soft or softened regions such as the HAZ of TMCP steel welded with high heat input. In this study, the equivalent yield strength of plate structure containing softened region was predicted by FEM analysis, and its incremental behavior was explained with the results of the analysis. The calculated results of yield strength indicated the following for the plate structures. 1) As the softened region starts to yield, shear stress begins to build up along the boundary between base metal and softened region. This results in multi-axial stress condition which gives restraint on the softened region. 2) Restraint effect has a significant influence on the distribution of the shear stress, the nominal stress, and the strain. 3) The yielding behavior of softened region becomes the same as that of base metal when both ratios of length to width and thickness to width of softened region are larger than 30 and 13 respectively.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.466-475
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• 2001

휨항복 후 전단 파괴하는 철근콘크리트 보의 전단 성능 저하가 예측되었다. 휨항복 후 철근콘크리트 보에는 소성 힌지 구간이 형성되며 축방향 변형률이 급격히 증가한다. 축방향 변형률이 급격히 증가함에 따라 콘크리트 유효 압축 강도가 감소하며 철근콘크리트 보의 잠재 전단 강도는 감소한다. 제안된 전단 성능 저하 예측법은 이와 같은 휨항복 후 전단 파괴하는 철근콘크리트 보의 전단 파괴 특성을 고려한 트러스 모델에 기본을 두고 있다. 해석에서는 철근콘크리트 보의 실제 부재 축방향 변형률 $\varepsilon$x 값을 RA-STM에 대입하여 고정한 후에 그 부재의 잠재 전단 강도를 구하였다. 주어진 $\varepsilon$x값의 증가에 의하여 보의 잠재 전단 강도가 휨항복 시의 전단력에 도달할 때의 부재 변형 능력을 그 부재의 최대 연성 능력으로 하였다. 예측된 부재 변형 능력은 보통강도 콘크리트를 사용한 시험체의 부재 변형 능력을 최대 35% 과소 평가하였지만, 그 차이는 전단보강근의 양이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였다. 고강도 콘크리트를 사용한 시험체에 대하여 예측된 부재 변형 능력은 실제 부재 변형 능력을 최대 20% 과대 평가하였다. 철근콘크리트 보의 전단 변형 능력의 예측은 콘크리트의 유효 압축 강도νf ck와 밀접한 관계가 있어 보의 전단 변형 능력을 보다 정확히 예측하기 위해서는 사인장 균열과 직각 되는 방향의 변형률 $\varepsilon$$_1$가 큰 경우의 νf ck 에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.295-316
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• 2008

In the present paper a mechanical model to predict the compressive response of high strength short concrete columns with square cross-section confined by transverse steel is presented. The model allows one to estimate the equivalent confinement pressures exercised by transverse steel during the loading process taking into account of the interaction of the stirrups with the inner core both in the plane of the stirrups and in the space between two successive stirrups. The lateral pressure distributions at hoop levels are obtained by using a simple model of elastic beam on elastic medium simulating the interaction between stirrups and concrete core, including yielding of steel stirrups and damage of concrete core by means of the variation in the elastic modulus and in the Poisson's coefficient. Complete stress-strain curves in compression of confined concrete core are obtained considering the variation of the axial forces in the leg of the stirrup during the loading process. The model was compared with some others presented in the literature and it was validated on the basis of the existing experimental data. Finally, it was shown that the model allows one to include the main parameters governing the confinement problems of high strength concrete members such as: - the strength of plain concrete and its brittleness; - the diameter, the pitch and the yielding stress of the stirrups; - the diameter and the yielding stress of longitudinal bars; - the side of the member, etc.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 콘크리트의 고강도화에 따른 고강도 철근의 사용 가능성과 적절한 철근강도를 연구하고자 콘크리트의 강도, 철근강도, 철근비를 주요 변수로 하여 9개의 보 실험체를 계획하였다. 2점 재하를 실시, 휨강도, 응력 이력곡선, 인장철근 항복시의 처짐량, 파괴시의 처짐량, 균열, 연성지수를 측정하여 변수에 따른 구조적 거동을 분석하였다. 고강도 철근을 적용한 부재는 항복점의 변위가 크게 나타났고, 이러한 특성이 연성지수의 감소를 가져오는 주요 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 항복이후의 거동은 동일한 강성을 갖는 일반강도철근의 부재와 유사하게 나타났다. 일반적으로 고강도 철근의 적용 시 평형철근비의 감소에 의한 철근비의 증가로 연성거동의 감소효과가 나타나고 있으나, 콘크리트의 강도를 증가시키면 연성의 증대효과를 기대할 수 있고, 본 논문으로부터 철근강도 $5500kgf/cm^2$의 경우 콘크리트 강도는 $800kgf/cm^2$ 정도가 기존 연성의 손실 없이 휨 강도를 증가시킬 수 있는 적절한 조합으로 기존의 콘크리트와 동일한 연성거동을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.583-588
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• 2000

While a great progress has been achieved in predicting the ultimate shear strength in the RC members, it is a fact that a method in order to estimate the ductility of RC members still has to be looked for. This study theoretically predict the ductility of RC beams which fail in shear after flexural yielding by considering the deterioration of concrete strength in plastic hinge region.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2011

Continuous deep girders which transmit the gravity load from the upper wall to the lower columns have frequently long end shear spans between the boundary of the upper wall and the face of the lower column. This paper presents the results of tests and analyses performed on three 1:2.5 scale specimens with long end shear spans, (the ratios of shear-span/total depth: 1.8 < a/h < 2.5): one designed by the conventional approach using the beam theory and two by the strut-and-tie approach. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the yielding strength of the continuous RC deep girders is controlled by the tensile yielding of the bottom longitudinal reinforcements, being much larger than the nominal strength predicted by using the section analysis of the girder section only or using the strut-and-tie model based on elastic-analysis stress distribution. (2) The ultimate strengths are 22% to 26% larger than the yielding strength. This additional strength derives from the strain hardening of yielded reinforcements and the shear resistance due to continuity with the adjacent span. (3) The pattern of shear force flow and failure mode in shear zone varies depending on the amount of vertical shear reinforcement. And (4) it is necessary to take into account the existence of the upper wall in the analysis and design of the deep continuous transfer girders that support the upper wall with a long end shear span.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2004

고성능 액체로켓엔진 연소기 개발을 위해 연소기 챔버 재료로 사용되는 크롬동 소재에 대해서 인장시험을 수행하고 재료 물성치를 확보하였다. 확보한 크롬동 재료 물성치를 이용하여 구조해석을 수행해서 재생냉각형 연소기 시편을 설계하였다. 설계한 시편을 연소기 챔버 제작 공정과 동일한 공정으로 제작 후 강도 시험을 수행하여 시편의 항복압력과 파손 압력을 얻을 수 있었다. 크롬동 소재는 브레이징 후에는 상당한 기계적 물성 저하가 있었고 구조 해석을 통해 예측한 항복 압력이 실제 시험한 결과와 거의 같게 나타났다. 강도 시험 결과에서는 유로 연결부가 유로부보다 먼저 항복과 파손이 일어났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.661-676
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• 2016

This paper presents an elastic/plastic model that neglects strain hardening during loading, but accounts for the Bauschinger effect. These mathematical features of the model represent reasonably well the actual behavior of several materials such as high strength steels. Previous attempts to describe the behavior of this kind of materials have been restricted to a class of boundary value problems in which the state of stress in the plastic region is completely controlled by the yield stress in tension or torsion. In particular, the yield stress is supposed to be constant during loading and the forward plastic strain reduces the yield stress to be used to describe reversed yielding. The new model generalizes this approach on plane stress problems assuming that the material obeys the von Mises yield criterion during loading. Then, the model is adopted to describe reversed yielding in thin hollow discs subject to external pressure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.725-745
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• 2009

In this paper, probabilistic seismic performance assessment of a typical non-seismic RC frame building representative of a large inventory of existing buildings in developing countries is conducted. Nonlinear time-history analyses of the sample building are performed with 20 large-magnitude medium distance ground motions scaled to different levels of intensity represented by peak ground acceleration and 5% damped elastic spectral acceleration at the first mode period of the building. The hysteretic model used in the analyses accommodates stiffness degradation, ductility-based strength decay, hysteretic energy-based strength decay and pinching due to gap opening and closing. The maximum inter story drift ratios obtained from the time-history analyses are plotted against the ground motion intensities. A method is defined for obtaining the yielding and collapse capacity of the analyzed structure using these curves. The fragility curves for yielding and collapse damage levels are developed by statistically interpreting the results of the time-history analyses. Hazard-survival curves are generated by changing the horizontal axis of the fragility curves from ground motion intensities to their annual probability of exceedance using the log-log linear ground motion hazard model. The results express at a glance the probabilities of yielding and collapse against various levels of ground motion intensities.