• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.161-190
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• 2010

In Shanghaibochujian-ZhouYi, there are a few special signs in red and black that had never been found in previous ZhouYi texts. Pu Mao Zuo (?茅左), who first sorted out Shanghaibochujian-ZhouYi, classified the signs into six types and explained them in terms of Yin-Yang theory. On the other hand, Li Shang Xin (李尙信) classified the signs into seven types and argued that these signs show that the order of the hexagrams(卦序) in Shanghaibochujian-ZhouYi is completely identical with that of the current version of ZhouYi. Edward L. Shaughnessy also conjectured that the order of the hexagrams(卦序) of Shanghaibochujian-ZhouYi is identical with that of the current version of Zhouyi after his material analysis of the Bamboo slips(竹簡) substance. Kondo Hiroyuki (近藤浩之) is based his interpretation of the order of the hexagrams(卦序) on his own classification of the signs which identified nine types. All these opinions contain some problems and given that the number of the Bamboo slips(竹簡) are very limited, we have to be very careful when we draw a conclusion. Shanghaibochujian-ZhouYi's signs can be possible when we suppose a 64-hexagrams(64卦) system instead of the 8-trigrams(8卦) system, which demands a reexamination of the common view that the 8-trigrams system preceded the 64-hexagrams system.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2018

Sometimes, literary therapy is to create an abscission layer at the mind and remove the signifier of love, by the abscission layer. The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of literary therapy by mutation in human-created sentences and to activate literary therapy. In Gosijo, the abscission layer of Seo Gyeongdok's mind is present in the layer of the "falling leaf" of the his Sijo's last sentence, and the abscission layer of Hwang Jin-yi's mind exists in the layer of the "falling leaf" of the her Sijo's last sentence. The "falling leaf" created by the abscission layer of Seo Gyeongdok's sentence acts as an action potential to the nervous system of Hwang Jin-yi. In Hwang Jin-yi's Sijo, the abscission layer is also activated, forming a "leaf". Hwang Jin-yi's Sijo constructs a new sensory layer that is extended and mutated more than the meaning of space between lines of Seo Gyeongdok's Sijo. In her Sijo, Hwang Jin-yi twists and twists Seo Gyeongdok's sentences to squeeze the sound. She accepts the Seo Gyeongdok's sentences and twists in the first sentence and twists out of the second sentence once more to produce the mutation in the last sentence. As a result of her sentence twist, Seo Kyung-duk's visual sense of "falling leaf" is mutated into a "falling leaf's sound" of auditory sense. This mutation process works as a healing mechanism in the human body. If this study will continue in the future, it will be possible to activate literary therapy by Sijo.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5361-5365
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a genetic variant in the multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. This case-control study was conducted in a Chinese population of 645 HCC cases and 658 cancer-free controls. The genotype of the c.3751G>A genetic variant in the MDR1 gene was investigated by created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (CRS-PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. Our data demonstrated significantly differences detected in the allelic and genotypic frequencies between HCC cases and those of cancer-free controls. Association analyses indicated that there were statistically increased risk of HCC in the homozygote comparison (AA versus (vs.) GG: OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.51-3.27, ${\chi}^2$=16.90, P<0.001), dominant model (AA/GA vs. GG: OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.00-1.55, ${\chi}^2$=3.98, P=0.046), recessive model (AA vs. GA/GG: OR=2.14, 95% CI 1.47-3.09, ${\chi}^2$=16.68, P<0.001) and allele comparison (A vs. G: OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.57, ${\chi}^2$=11.66, P=0.001). The allele-A and genotype-AA may contribute to HCC susceptibility. These preliminary findings suggest that the c.3751G>A genetic variant in the MDR1 gene is potentially related to HCC susceptibility in a Chinese Han population, and might be used as a molecular marker for evaluating HCC susceptibility.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-249
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• 2004

This study analyzed the contents of the research papers concerning the common cold recorded in Chinese medical journal published over the period between 2000 and 2004. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. Among the clinical research papers, There are a lot of treatment papers of traditional chinese medicine in the method of treatment. There are a lot of papers about Feng-Re-Xing(風熱型) and Xu-Zheng-Xing(虛證型) in the Bian-Zheng-Lei-Xing(辨證類型) 2. "Zhong-Yi-Xu-Zheng-Bian-Zheng-Can-Kao-Biao-Zhun" ("中醫虛證辨證參考標準"), "Zhong-Yi-Nei-Ke-Wu-Ban-Jiao-Cai"("中醫內科五版敎材"), "Zhong-Hua-Ren-Min-Gong-He-Guo-Zhong-Yi-Yao-Hang-Ye-Biao-Zhun"("中華人民共和國醫藥行業標準"), "Gan-Mao-Zhen-Duan-Biao-Zhun"("感冒診斷漂準"), "Zhong-Yi-Bing-Zheng-Zhen-Duan-Liao-Xiao-Biao-Zhun"("中醫病證診斷療效標準"), "Quan-Guo-Gao-Deng-Yi-Xue-Yuan-Xiao-Zhong-Yi-Zhuan-Ye-Jiao-Cai"("全國高等醫藥院校中醫專業敎材") are used as the criterion for diagnosis in Chinese medicine. 3. It is mainly used "Zhong-Yi-Bing-Zheng-Zhen-Duan-Liao-Xiao-Biao-Zhun"("中醫病證診斷療效標準") as the criterion for treatment effect evaluation, and symptom of traditional chinese medicine, the frequency and the duration of common cold, measurement of immunologic function are used as assistant evaluation indicator. 4. The research papers reported that the use of prescriptions such as Chai-Qi-Fang-Jiao-Tang, Tui-Re-He-Ji(退熱合劑), Ti-Xu-Gan-Mao-He-Ji(體虛感冒合劑), Yu-Ping-Feng-San-He-Gui-Zhi-Tang(玉屛風散合桂枝湯), Chai-Guan-Jie-Re-Ke-Li(柴貫解熱顆粒), Hu-Qin-He-Ji(蒿芩合劑), Lian-Hua-Feng-Cha(蓮花峰茶), Kang-Gan-He-Ji(抗感合劑), Bing-Du-He-Ji(病毒合劑), Zhong-Gan-Ling-Pian(重感靈片) led to the high efficacy 5. The pharmacological research papers reported that Yu-Ping-Feng-San(玉屛風散) have influence on IgA, phagocytic function of macrophage, the total number of splenocyte and PEC.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.353-367
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• 2019

These days, costumes of Korean creative dancing performances have been changed to be modernized and to be out of traditional regulation, as the representation of the Korean styles were replaced by other props and art devices. In this article, we have applied the emotions expressed in Jin-Yi Hwang's sijos (Korean traditional poems), to Korean creative dancing costumes in modern style. chose three typical sijos from her six pieces, titled "Green mountain is like what I've meant", "To Byeokgyesoo in Cheongsan-ri" and "Dongjibam ginaginbam". In brief, Jin-Yi Hwang expressed her "everlasting love and emptiness", "temptative conciliation" and "eager waiting" these three sijos, respectively. The character of Jin-Yi Hwang was shown in many TV soap operas and films, and the costumes were either much modernized, and not accurately based on the sijos she had written. Thus, we designed, made flat sketched, and fabricated three Korean creative dancing costumes from the three sijos, listed. We tried to highlight the aesthetic impression and the activeness of the dancing costumes, using both traditional and modern Korean fabrics. Since Korean dance costumes had not yet been inspired from Jin-Yi Hwang's sijos, we discussed the importance of the fabric items, as well as the visual, auditory, and tactile characteristics of the costumes and dancers to emphasize Jin-Yi Hwang's expressed emotions.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2021

In 2020, Yi Hunwoo was discovered as one of the earliest modern architects in Korea. However, his personal life was yet mostly unknown, including the time of his death. The research team ('the team' hereafter) searched for the records of his personal life and professional career. First, his family genealogical chart revealed that he died in 1937. Having located and contacted Yi's direct descendents, the team was able to clarify his family background with the descendants' testimonies. They possess the photographs of him and his family members, including Yi's picture when he was a freshman at the Nagoya Higher Technical School in Japan. The team also identifies his birthplace and the location of his grave as Hadong, Gyeongsangnamdo, Korea. The team visited his project site in Jinju, Gyeonsangnamdo, Korea and obtained more detailed information about the Ilshin Girls' High School, which he designed in 1928. Gyohoan, the congregation records of Cheondogyo, one of the leading religions in Korea during Yi's times, confirmed that he was one of the congregation members. The field research also discovered the house he designed and built in his hometown of Hadong, probably the only surviving architectural project by him. This paper is to report the result of the research on Yi's life and career with the aim of providing materials for further studies in identifying and positioning him more properly in the early 20th century Korean architectural scene.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.48
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• pp.195-223
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• 2012

Until now, I guess, many scholars misunderstood the characteristic of economic awareness of Yi Hang-no as if it was a modern nationalism or radicalism against Japanese anti-Korean insistences. But I think these opinions are out of historical attitude. So to understand Yi's economic awareness correctly, I think, We should focus on the traditional Confucian thought system at that time. As one method to reach the goal, I focused on the word, Jeong-jeon-je: Oriental equal land system. Yi Hang-no put the importance on Jeong-jeon-je to make utopia he dreamed of. Yi thought Jeong-jeon-je is the basis of equal society and strong state. Also Yi thought a moral society would be achieved by Jeong-jeon-je because the equal land system, so called Jeong-jeon-je provide peasants with equal lands, so it makes peasants stable in economic situation. Especially, Yi Hang-no put importance on that Jeong-jeon-je would raise moral consciousness of people because equal economic condition makes people wealthy, so people would be good men naturally. Yi Hang-no explain it in basis of Insim-Dosim-seol: a theory of two minds bad & good to be. Yi Hang-no thought equal economic condition is the basis of making people moral being. He thought Jeong-jeon-je was a basis of the condition. Reversely, Yi thought Western insists of trade was the beginning of making people fight for individual benefit, so it produces devil selfishness out of human mind. That was the reason that Yi Hang-no opposed the trade with Western Powers. Eventually Yi's assertion of embargo came out of his Insim-Dosim-seol. In this context, Yi's Jeong-jeon-je was insisted as a method to raise human moral consciousness.

• Korean Architects
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• s.503
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• pp.22-27
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1085-1091
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• 2004

Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi- Tang extracts is a traditional oriental medicine in a mixture type exhibiting strong anti-bacterial, analgesic, and chemopreventive activities. In this study, we have evaluated effects of the total and polysaccharide fraction of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi- Tang extracts on the T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and induction of IL-2 receptor and MHC class n. For this experiment, we established CD4$^{＋}$ CD8$^{[-10]}$ T cell line producing IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ when stimulated with ovalbumin antigen in the presence of antigen presenting cells. The significant effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang on antigen-induced T cell proliferation in the presence of antigen presenting cells was observed. The proliferation and IFN-${\gamma}$ production of T cells was increased in a dose dependent manner, and expression of IL-2 receptor on T cells and MHC class n molecule on antigen presenting cells was also induced in the presence of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang polysaccharide fraction. It was demonstrated that polysaccharide fraction of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang stimulates the antigen-induced T cell proliferation and the production of IFN-${\gamma}$ possibly through the increase of IL-2 receptor and MHC class n expression. Therefore Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang can be regarded as a natural and useful immunomodulator having a relatively nonotoxic property. Further studies are needed to better characterize the nature of Bu-Zhong- Yi-Qi-Tang extract.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper summarizes results from review of 36 cases and medical records extracted from Yeoksimanpil, involving treatment of exogenous disease in the last Joseon dynasty, and considers significance of treatment protocols. Methods : About 130 medical records from Yeoksimanpil related to exogenous disease were reviewed, and 36 cases were extracted for closer investigation. The author examined the characteristics of exogenous diseases treated in Yeoksimanpil during the Joseon dynasty, employing Yi Suki's theory about exogenous febrile disease, and analyzed the theory from the viewpoint of epidemic febrile disease (溫病學). Results : The majority of exogenous diseases recorded in Yeoksimanpil include Sanghan (傷寒); Seo (暑); Ryeohwan (厲患); and Hongjin (紅疹). Sanghan was found to be prevalent among the exogenous diseases, but diseases caused by warmth and epidemic are recognized separately from Sanghan. Yi Suki's theory about exogenous febrile disease is similar to the basic theory of modern epidemic febrile disease, although his theory was developed independently during the last Joseon dynasty. Conclusions : Although some exogenous diseases in Yeoksimanpil were recognized separately, Yi Suki did not specify each feature nor did he focus on each symptom. Instead, the author's research suggests that Yi Suki was able to identify and treat a variety of various exogenous diseases due to his accumulation of medical knowledge and skill.