• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to 1) identify the current management status of the Visiting Health Care Services (VHCS) and 2) to analyze the workload of the staff in the VHCS located in the Public Health Centers (PHCs) in the urban and rural areas. Method: A descriptive research design and a prospective, time and motion research design were used. A total of 18 PHCs in Gangwon Province participated in this study. A questionnaire and semi-structured observational sheet were utilized. A total of 650 self report records of the work load from the VHCS personnel were collected for a 10 day period at each of the 18 PHCs. A descriptive analysis was then done. Results: The major results were as follows. 1) The VHCS staff (nurses and nurse aids) was being assigned additional work such as maternal health care, chronic disease care, mental health care and health promotion on top of their VHCS duties. 2) The average number of home visits per client during the past year was 5.8. More specifically, the clients in the severe dependent group received an average of 27.1 visits, those clients in the moderate dependent group received 14.0 visits those clients in the slightly dependent group received 5.0 visits and those clients in the self-care group received 1.6 visits. 3) The time required for the work duties of the VHCS staff totaled 488 minutes per day. The percentage of time for home visits was only 17.4%, and this didn't include travel time. Conclusion: The main problems of VHCS were identified as a lack of personnel and a lack of time for the home visits. Strategies that are directed at the construction of a better infrastructure for VHCS are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.665-675
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of people with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Korea. The specific aim was to identify major problems that people with CHB face and strategies that they are dealing with. Methods: A grounded theory method was utilized. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews from 12 CHB patients from one of the major hospitals in Korea. Results: After constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as "illness management with self-reliance and will." Seven major strategies that were identified in dealing with the illness were maintaining receptive and positive attitudes; restraining excessive work and greed; searching for information; controlling illness information; adhering to practices for not spreading the viral disease; abstaining from alcohol and smoking and maintaining healthy eating habits; nd using alternative therapies. The outcomes that result from employing these strategies were identified as burden, depression and helplessness, stress for maintaining compliance, and dispirited interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that most people with CHB in Korea have problems in psychosocial area. Thus health professionals need to provide not only informational support but also emotional one to improve quality of life of the people with CHB.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2008

To further the goal of isolating Bacillus sp. from commercial chungkukjang (CKJ) for a development of a probiotic dietary adjunct using soymilk or milk, antioxidant activity of CKJ purchased from the Sunchang Traditional Village in Chunbook province was examined. Six CKJ samples were evaluated and 3 were selected based on the results of the physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation for further antioxidant study. $IC_{50}$ for DPPH scavenging activity of methanol extracts of CKJ ranged from 238.1 to 345.7 ${\mu}g/mL$. CKJ exhibited over 80% scavenging of ${\cdot}OH$ and ONOO- at concentrations of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 250 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. $O_2^-$ and NO scavenging activities of three CKJ were increased in a dose dependent manner with the concentration tested from 100 to 1000 ${\mu}g/mL$. In this study, the methanol extract of CKJ exhibited a great reduction capability and powerful free radical scavenging activity, especially against OH. and ONOO-, which are the most toxic radicals responsible for oxidative damage in the body. However, radical scavenging effects of CKJ on DPPH, $O_2^-$, and nitrite radical were rather moderate. In conclusion, CKJ may reduce the oxidative stress in the body by scavenging the free radicals.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.84-89
• /
• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of a methanol extract of Chungkookjang (CKJ) on high glucose induced oxidative stress in LLC-$PK_1$ cells (renal tubular epithelial cells), which are susceptible to oxidative stress. Freeze dried CKJ powder was extracted with methanol, and the extract solution was concentrated, and then used in this study. To determine the protective effect of CKJ extract, oxidative stress was induced by exposing of LLC-$PK_1$ cells to high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5 mM) for 24 hr. Exposure of LLC-$PK_1$ cells to high glucose for 24 hr resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cell viability, catalase, SOD and GSH-px activity and a significant (p<0.05) increase in intracellular ROS level and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in comparison to the cells treated with 5 mM glucose. CKJ extract treatment decreased intracellular ROS level and TBARS formation, and increased cell viability and activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, SOD and GSH-px in high glucose pretreated LLC-$PK_1$ cells. These results suggest that CKJ extract may be able to protect LLC-$PK_1$ cells from high glucose-induced oxidative stress, partially through the antioxidative defense systems.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2008

The protective effect of chungkukjang from Sunchang province against oxidative stress was evaluated in the cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells. The LLC-$PK_1$ cells showed decrease in cell viability and elevation in lipid peroxidation by the treatment with the generators of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion ($O_2^-$) produced by sodium nitrouprusside and pyrogallol, respectively. However, the methanol extract of chungkukjang significantly inhibited cellular loss and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner; in particular K chungkukjang (KC) exerted the strongest protective effect. In addition, the protective effect of chungkukjang from 3-morpholinosydnonimine, as a source of peroxynitrite, with simultaneous generations of NO and $O_2^-$, was also studied. Treatment with chungkukjangs significantly preserved the cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation caused by SIN-1 with dose-dependence. The present study suggests that chungkukjang from Sunchang province, especially KC, would have protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals under cellular oxidative damage.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and cariogenic activity using unstimulated saliva of the head and neck cancer patients. Twenty three cancer patients (19 males, 4 females) who had undergone chemotherapy and radiation therapy and twenty four healthy volunteers (14 males, 10 females) as a control were included. Salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and cariogenic activity using unstimulated saliva were examined. Compared to saliva of the control group, salivary flow rate (p<0.001) and salivary pH (p<0.001) were significantly lower in head and neck cancer patients. The colony counts of Lactobacilli was higher in head and neck cancer patients (p<0.05) than in control group. These salivary factors and cariogenic activity can increase the prevalence of dental caries in head and neck cancer patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the image for dental hygienists and influence factor in academic high school students. A self-reported questionnaire was surveyed by 211 high school student in G area. the data were analyzed for frequency analysis, average, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient by using SPSS 21.0 program. In case of general high-school students, occupational and business images were higher significantly. The social images were higher significantly in case of having introduction or explanation for dental hygienists. In addition, the self-esteem showed significant differences depending on the oral condition. There were positive correlations among the occupational, business, personal, social images of dental hygienists and self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis showed that highest in occupational images.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2004

The strings of Gayageum and Geomungo are usually made of raw silk. It needs good vibration as well as good durability to endure during play the Gayagum and Geomungo. This study was carried out to discuss some effects of twisting number of first and final twisting on the mechanical properties of silk Gayageum strings. Tenacity of strings were largely decreased proportionally with the increase of number of twisting of strings but elongation of strings were in the opposition direction. However, it was needed to hard twisting string for the good vibration. The proper S direction twisting velocity of moving twister during final twisting (Z direction) until three thread become one thread, was 40% of basic twister.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 2020

The phylum Bacteroidetes covers phenotypically diverse groups of Gram negative rods that do not form endospores, and currently includes 6 classes, 6 orders, 33 families and 380 genera. Members of Bacteroidetes can be aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs, hydrogen utilizing chemolithotrophs, or methylotrophs. They can be isolated from diverse habitats including terrestrial and aquatic environments, environments with extreme physicochemical conditions, and animal and plant hosts. During a series of extensive surveys of prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, bacterial strains belonging to Bacteroidetes were isolated from various sources of aquatic and terrestrial environments. A total of 22 isolates were obtained, which represent 22 unrecorded species in Korea belonging to 14 genera of 6 families. Sixteen species among them were assigned to Flavobacteriaceae, two species were to Sphingobacteriaceae, and single species was to each of the families Bacteroidaceae, Balneolaceae, Chitinophagaceae and Cytophagaceae. At genus level, Chryseobacterium (5 species) and Flavobacterium (5 species) were the most abundant genera, and single species were obtained for the genera Bacteroides, Baloneola, Terrimonas, Dyadobacter, Aquimarina, Arenibacter, Gillisia, Gilvibacter, Salinimicrobium, Winogradskyella, Pedobacter and Sphingobacterium. The detailed descriptions of each unrecorded species are provided.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the changing pattern of medical utilization claims following the economic crisis in Korea. Methods : The original data consisted of the claims of the 'Medical insurance program of self-employees' between 1997 and 1998. The data was selected by medical treatment day ranging between 8 January and 30 June. Medical utilizations were calculated each year by the frequency of claims, visit days for outpatients, length of stay for inpatients, total days of medication, and the sum of expenses. Results : The length of stay as an inpatient in 1998 was decreased 4.7 percent in comparison to 1997. However, inpatient expenses in 1998 increased 10.8 percent as compared to 1997. Inpatient hospital claims in 1998 increased 6.2 percent over 1997, although general hospital inpatient claims in 1998 decreased 3.3 percent in comparison to 1997. The outpatient claim frequency decreased 7.3 in 1998 percent as compared to 1997 Outpatient visit days of in 1998 were decreased 8.5 percent in comparison to that recorded in 1997. Outpatient claim frequencies of 'gu region' in 1998 decreased 10.5 percent comparison to that in 1997, but 'city and gun region' decreased less than 'gu region'. Conclusions : Medical utilization in 1998 deceased in relation to 1997 Medical utilization by outpatients decreased more than that of inpatients. Medical utilization by 'gu region' decreased mere than the other regions.