• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.191-191
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• 2018

최근 기후 변화로 인한 기상이변으로 인해 가뭄의 심도와 지속시간이 길어져 이로 인한 피해가 가중되고 있다. 본 연구는 국가 물 관리에 필요한 증발산량 자료 생산과 특성을 분석할 목적으로 수행되었으며, 본 연구 결과는 국가 물 관리 및 가뭄 분석 등에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 2010년 국토교통부에서는 "국가수문관측망"에 증발산량 관측소를 포함하여 증발산량 자료가 정기적으로 생산될 수 있게 하였다. 계획수립 이후 일정기간 동안은 관측 방법과 품질관리 방법 등의 체계화되지 않아 전국적으로 확대되지 못하다가 최근에 와서 확대 설치되고 있다. 현재에는 증발산량 관측소가 한강수계 4개소, 금강수계 2개소, 영산강수계 3개소에서 운영되고 있다. 국토교통부 증발산량 관측소는 에디공분산 방식으로 구축되어 있으며, 자료는 30분 간격으로 생산되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 설마천 관측소의 3개년(2015년~2017년) 자료로 산지 증발산량의 경년 변화를 분석하였다. KoFlux 표준화 프로그램(spike 제거, 밀도 보정 등)으로 자료를 처리하였으며, 자료 보충(Gap-filling)은 FAO-PM, MDV, Kalman Filter 방법으로 수행하였다. 설마천 관측소에서 증발산량을 산정하여 산지 증발산량의 경년변화를 분석한 결과, 증발산량은 강수량과 순복산량의 규모에 따라 상이하였다. 또한 비교적 강수량이 적은 해에 증발산 비율이 커지는 특성을 나타내었다. 이는 가뭄 시 증발산을 왕성하게 하는 환경이 조성되어 발생되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2531-2546
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• 2021

For several years, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have been improving. However, some hurdles remain that slow down the distribution of VR and AR devices, such as head-mounted display (HMD), and related consumer content. One issue is VR motion sickness, which has been experienced by users using 360 degree VR content via HMD. This paper discusses the related international standardization work that classifies the factors causing VR sickness, and proposes the process for VR sickness level evaluation. Among the factors causing VR sickness, many research institutes regard minimizing MTP (Motion-to-Photon) latency as the key enabler to mitigate VR sickness. Thus, this paper introduces research trends of MTP latency measurement and MTP latency mitigation. This paper categorizes the research on MTP latency measurement into 2 categories of hardware-based approach and software code-level approach. The 2 approaches have different pros and cons depending on use-case, purpose, and architecture of each multimedia system. The pros and cons are addressed in this paper. Additionally, the research on mitigating MTP latency with diverse strategies such as proactive computing, caching, and edge server technology is explained, and compared to conventional technologies, shows improved performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1241-1244
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• 2022

최근 K-Pop 을 위시한 예술공연 콘텐츠에 몰입형 미디어를 접목한 온택트 (Ontact) 미디어 스트리밍 서비스가 주목받고 있는 가운데, 본 논문은 일반적으로 사용되는 2D 디스플레이 또는 HMD (Head-Mounted Display) 기반 VR (Virtual Reality, VR) 서비스에서 탈피하여, 대형 가상현실 공연장을 위한 360 도 VR 비디오 스트리밍 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 Phase 1, 2, 3 의 연구개발 단계를 밟아 6DoF (Degrees of Freedom) 시점 자유도를 지원하는 360 도 VR 비디오 스트리밍 시스템을 개발하는 것을 최종목표로 하고 있으며, 현재는 Phase 1: 대형 가상현실 공연장을 위한 3DoF 360 도 VR 비디오 스트리밍 시스템 프로토타입의 개발까지 완료되었다. 구현된 스트리밍 시스템 프로토타입은 서브픽처 기반 Viewport-dependent 스트리밍 기술이 적용되어 있으며, 기존 방식과 비교하였을 때 약 80%의 비트율 감소, 약 543%의 영상 디코딩 속도 향상을 확인하였다. 또한, 단순 구현 및 성능평가에서 그치지 않고, 실제 미국 UCSB 에 위치한 대형 가상현실 공연장 AlloSphere 에서의 시범방송을 수행하여, 향후 Phase 2, 3 연구단계를 위한 연구적 기반을 마련하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Pinus thunbergii plantations in Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, are of low ecological quality, with arrested succession and a high proportion of ruderal species. To improve the quality of the habitat, we created canopy gaps ($\sim42\;m^2$) and monitored changes in abiotic (light availability, canopy openness) and biotic (survival and growth of seedlings and understory communities) variables in 2007 and 2008 in plots that had received one of five types of treatment: cutting of canopy trees and removal of the understory (CU), cutting of canopy trees only (C), girdling of canopy trees and removal of the understory (GU), girdling of canopy trees (G) or control. Each treatment was applied to three replicate plots. Abiotic variables did not significantly differ among treatments. Survival rates of target species were slightly lower in the CU, G and control conditions. Based on logistic regression analysis, the only significant growth factor affecting survival was height growth. Positive effects of seedling height and leaf area growth on survival were also detected, but did not reach statistical significance. In treatment G, gradual improvement of overstory conditions and mitigation of competition by limitation of disturbance to the understory community were likely to have promoted seedling growth. There were no significant effects of gap treatments on changes in species abundance (cover and richness) and composition of understory between the study years. This result implies that the small gaps created in our study may be below the threshold size to affect understory growth. However, the results of this study are based on a short-term investigation of only two years. Long-term research is strongly recommended to clarify the effects of gap treatment on plant communities in afforested areas.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.3 s.28
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• pp.133-136
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• 1976

In order to survey the kinds and distribution of tobacco parasitic nematodes, 51 soil samples were. collected from 14 associations under the office of Monopoly of Kyungbuk and Kyungnam province. 1, The plant parasitic nematodes were found $96.1\%$ in the whole sampled. 2. The propotion of infested field of each nematode genera, Tylenchus shown as dominant by $82.3\%$ and next Aphelenchus $72.5\%$, Tylenchorhynchus $58.8\%$, Meloidogyne$50.9\%$, Criconemoides $25.4\%$, Pratylenchus, Hirschmanniella $23.5\%$ in order. 3. The density of genera per localities were as follows Pratylenchus is most abundant in Youngdeog as 43 population, Tylenchorhynchus shown in Jinbo, Tylenhus in Yeongil, Meloidogyne in Kimcheon, Xiphinema in Euisung. 4. Eighteen species belonging to 16 different genera of 11 families were identified, 12 of them are new for Korea as tobacco parasitic nematodes; Aglenchus costatus, Aphelenchus avenae, Criconemoides informis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus dihystera Hirschmanniella imamuri, Meloidogyne incognita, Psilenchus hilarulus, Rotylenchus pini, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus nudus and Xiphinema americanum.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1991

A considerably high rate of abnormal deliveries of unknown etiology was observed among dairy cattles from November 1988 to February 1989 and Korean native tattles from January to April 1990. The abnormal deliveries consisted of abortions, stillbirths and calf deformities refers to as congenital arthrogryposis hydranencephaly (AH )syndrome. In order to know the level of Akabane antibody of dairy cattle raised in Kyungbuk province, serum neutralization test was conducted with Akabane virus(OBE-1 strain) and HmLu(Hamster lung) cell line. The results were summarized as follows. 1. During 4 months(Nov. 1988-Feb. 1989), abortion (3 heads), stillbirth(1 head) and congenital abnormalities(13 heads) of newborn were occurred in 17 dairy cattles raised in Kyungbuk province. 2. During 4 months(Jan.-Apr.1990), stillbirth(2 heads) and congenital deformities (13 heads) of newborn were occurred in 15 Korean native tattles raised in Kyungbuk province. 3. In Fev, and Apr. 1990, 1,005 dairy cattles at 99 farms were investigated on the actual condition of possessing Akabane antibody. The result was that 1,000 heads (99.9%) in 1,005 dairy cattles reacted as positive condition in Akahane antibody. The antibody titer was from 4 to over 256. 4. 189 heads (18.8%) of 1,005 dairy cattles werw below antibody titer 8 and 816 heads (81.2%) were over 16. 5. Akabane antibody titer of east coast legions(Pohang Yeongil etc) was all over 16, that of internal legions (Yeongiu, Andong. etc) was relatively low, The result suggest that the vaccination for Akabane disease will be unnecessary for the time being because of possessing higher antibody titer reaction except the newly introduced cattle and Akabane virus was widely disseminated in kyungbuk province during the summer months in 1987 or 1988.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.442-449
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• 2015

The effects of coating parameters were investigated in wear resistance coatings of Diamalloy-406 on Inconel 718 to obtain an optimum coating condition by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying. The coating parameters, the flow rates of source gases (hydrogen and oxygen), the powder feed rate, and the spray distance, were designed by the Taguchi method. The optimal conditions were determined: oxygen flow rate 34 FRM, hydrogen flow rate 57 FRM, powder feed rate 35 g/min, and spray distance 7 inch. Friction coefficients of the coating and the substrate decreased with an increasing sliding surface temperature from $25^{\circ}C$ to $450^{\circ}C$. The friction coefficient of Diamalloy-4006 coating decreased as the sliding surface temperature increased from $0.43{\pm}0.01$ at $25^{\circ}C$ to $0.29{\pm}0.01$ at $450^{\circ}C$. The wear trace and wear depth of the coating were smaller than the substrate at all temperatures tested. The relationship between spray parameters and wear resistance was discussed extensively, based on the measured roughness, hardness, and porosity in each coating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2013

Fishing experiments were carried out in the adjacent sea of Yeongil Bay, the eastern cost of Korea from 2003 to 2004 using the dome-shaped pots with different five mesh sizes (17.1, 24.8, 35.3, 39.8, and 48.3mm) in order to determine the size selectivity of pots for the whelk, Buccinum opisthoplectum. The catch species were composed of Buccinum opisthoplectum (45.4%), Buccinum striatissimum (30.1%), Pandalopsis japonica (9.3%), Chionoecetes opilio (8.9%), and so on. The shell height (l) of Buccinum opisthoplectum caught in the experimental fishing pots was measured. The SELECT (Share Each Length's Catch Total) analysis method was applied with fishing data to obtain master selection curve. The model with the estimated split parameter was found to fit the catch data best. The master selection curve was estimated to be s (R)〓exp (7.833R-10.871)/[1 + exp (7.833R-10.871], where R is the ratio of shell height to mesh size. The relative shell length for 50% retention was 1.388, and the selection range was 0.281. It means that the pots of larger mesh size allow more whelks of small size to escape.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.737-753
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• 2011

The typical characteristics of seasonal winds were studied around the Pohang using two-stage (average linkage then k-means) clustering technique based on u- and v-component wind at 850 hpa from 2004 to 2006 (obtained the Pohang station) and a high-resolution (0.5 km grid for the finest domain) WRF-UCM model along with an up-to-date detailed land use data during the most predominant pattern in each season. The clustering analysis identified statistically distinct wind patterns (7, 4, 5, and 3 clusters) representing each spring, summer, fall, and winter. During the spring, the prevailed pattern (80 days) showed weak upper northwesterly flow and late sea-breeze. Especially at night, land-breeze developed along the shoreline was converged around Yeongil Bay. The representative pattern (92 days) in summer was weak upper southerly flow and intensified sea-breeze combined with sea surface wind. In addition, convergence zone between the large scale background flow and well-developed land-breeze was transported around inland (industrial and residential areas). The predominant wind distribution (94 days) in fall was similar to that of spring showing weak upper-level flow and distinct sea-land breeze circulation. On the other hand, the wind pattern (117 days) of high frequency in winter showed upper northwesterly and surface westerly flows, which was no change in daily wind direction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1135-1141
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• 2014

Performing wideband DDC while quantizing signal over a wide dynamic range and high speed sampling rate have primarily been implemented in a hardware such as, FPGA or ASIC because of time-consuming job. Real-time wideband DDC SW, even though signal environment changes, adapt to signal environment flexibly and can be reused. In addition, it has a lower price than the hardware implementation. In this paper, we study the system design that can be stored in real time designing a high-speed parallel processing architecture for SW-based wideband DDC. Finally, applying a Ping-Pong Buffering mechanism for receiving a signal in real time and CUDA for a high-speed signal processing, we verify wideband DDC design procedure that meets the signal processing.