• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2008.09b
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• pp.17-20
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

This study investigated Ulsan locality during Joseon by searching and analyzing various records related to the Ulsan port including old literature, documents, and maps, and oral records relating to traditional knowledge, as well as extracting keywords arranged by the time series and space to reenact Ulsan Port and Ulsan during Joseon. The study examined the characteristics of Yeompo, which served defense and trade functions through Waegwan in the former half of Joseon, Gaewoonpo, Seosaengpo, and Dosanseong, which underwent damage during Imjinwaeran and other wars in middle Joseon, and Bangeojin, which operated state-owned ranches and defense facilities including signal fires through to the latter half of Joseon, Jangsaengpo, which played the role of a whaling zone, and neahwang-naru, iron mine of Dalcheon, trying to reproduce the trajectory of the Ulsan during Joseon. Research on the locality transfiguration process of the port will help establish the locality of the entire Ulsan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2020

In 2000 and 2018, phytosociological surveys were carried out in the forest vegetation of Mt. Yeompo, a representative isolated urban forest in Ulsan city. The trends of change in forest structure, composition, and spatial distribution were compared between years. Total percent coverage per 100 squaremeters of forest vegetation was similar, but natural vegetation showed a 9% increase. The importance of constituent species changed slightly. Specifically, Lindera erythrocarpa and Styrax japonicus showed very high growth rates of 835% and 269%, respectively. Species richness (S) and diversity (H') decreased by about 22% and 8%, respectively. Both S and H' showed slightly higher rates of decrease in artificial compared with natural vegetation. The constituent species life form spectrums were the same in 2000 and 2018 as 'MM-R5-D4-e'. The similarity (Jaccard coefficient) in the species composition of the forest vegetation was almost homogeneous at approximately 75%. The number of indicator species decreased from 16 species in 2000 to 7 species in 2018. This decrease was mostly due to a decline in herbaceous plants, such as Hemicryptophytes, Geophytes, and Therophytes, which are sensitive to disturbances. The spatial distribution of forest vegetation did not change significantly. The number of forest landscape elements (patches) increased by approximately 25% from 537 in 2000 to 721 in 2018, while the average size decreased by about 20% from 1.28 ha in 2000 to 1.03 ha in 2018.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.355-361
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• 2009

Onshore wind farms having several problems, difficult to secure a building site and incur the enmity of the people. Therefore, offshore wind farms are increasingly expected, because there are huge resource and large site in offshore. If huge wind turbines are constructed, the offshore wind power base is concerned about subsidence. In order to confirm the ground stability, estimation of subsidence is necessary. In this paper, the subsidence is predicted by continuity model when the gravity and the mono-pile base are constructed on soft ground. The FLAC 3D, three dimensional FDM program, was adopted to analysis subsidence. Input factors are yielded by geological information at the yeompo quay in ulsan and the results of laboratory experiments. It has been compared that the original ground with improved ground under the gravity base, and constructed mono-pile under the mono-pile base.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2008

The physico-chemical properties of ten reclaimed saline soils in five soil series of west-south Korea were analyzed according to the years past after reclamation. The soil samples were collected at the same sites two times in 2000 and 2004. The physico-chemical properties in 2000 had been changed in 2004 as follows. Soil salinity was the highest in Podu and desalinization period was the shortest in Munpo and Yeompo. Seasonal ground water level were above 100 cm in all regions that were 30 years old reclaimed tidal land, which was the same results of normal paddy field. In the case of soil physical changes, bulk density increased in fine textured soil (Poseung and Podu) but decreased in coarse textured soil (Gwanghwal, Munpo, and Yeompo). Porosity decreased in fine textured soil(Poseung and Podu) but increased in coarse textured soil. These reason were as follows. Fine textured soil were increased in solid phase but decreased in liquid and gaseous phase. Coarse textured soil, Gwanghwal and Munpo except for Yempo, were increased in gaseous phase but decreased in solid and liquid phase. Yempo that have low water table level were increased in liquid phase but decreased in solid and gaseous phase. Soil hardness increased in 4 soil series except for Munpo. In the case of chemical property changes, although there were more or less difference, it showed decreasing tendencies. Soil pH, the content of organic matter, available phosphate, and available silicate of five soil series were decreased during the four years. The content of exchangeable cation also decreased except for magnesium.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.330-348
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• 2007

Soil problems and agricultural water management of the reclaimed land in Korea were reviewed through research results conducted in RDA and ADC. According to the Korean Soil Classification and Soil Survey(NIAST, 2002), the 5 soil orders with the 45 soil series were distributed on the fluvio-marine or marine deposit of the west and south coastal plains. Yeompo, Munpo, Hasa, Gwangwhal, and Poseung soil series were most commonly distributed soil on the fluvio-marine deposits, associated with tideland of the sea coast. Former 4 soils were Entisols, and the latest one was the Inceptisols. Buyong soil associated with Poseung series was an Alfisols. Extent of Myeongji soil, a Molisols, and Yongho soil, a Histosol, were minor. Salinity control and management problems were closely related with high water table and low percolation rate due to plow-pan layer developed during the leaching process in the silty textured soil. For evaluation of field salinity, use of an electromagnetic inductance, EM38, with GPS was helpful to understand salinity status and field variability. Deep plowing, subsoiling and drainage improvement by tile drainage might be effective in paddy with plow-pan. New technology such as variable rate fertilization might save fertilizers and thus reduce environmental impact of agriculture on water quality. Water quality of agricultural water resources in reclaimed land was less adequate than that of inland water resources. Proper crop management is necessary depended upon quality for crop growth as well as to match with water quality target.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1991

This study was crried out in order to changes of soil salinity in the Kyehwa saline paddy soil from 1978 find out the to 1988. Surveyed soil was Munpo, Gwanghwal, Yeompo, Hasa series and distribution ratio of those area was 51.2%, 16.6 %, 30.2 %, 1.0 % respectively on the 2,500ha. In the cultivated field, the ratio of desalinization was increased in accordance with rice cultivating years but desalization was not conduct after six years in the uncultivated field. Soil salinity of Summer(during cultivation) and Fall(after cultivation) were 52.3 %, 62.5 % respectively as compare with Spring(before cultivating) and about changes of soil salinity according to different soil depth, underground layer 20-40cm and 40-60cm were raised the rate 28.4 % and 66.2 % in accordance with top soil.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.101-111
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• 2008

To provide more natural elements in the harsh urban environment, 'planting trees as urban forests' has been emphasized as having an important role, and trees are expected to be as functional as the trees under more natural conditions in rural areas, and provide people with benefits. To do this, urban forest policies needed a better idea of planting methods and management of trees through the theory of landscape ecology, and also the feedback system according to the evaluation and assessment of urban forests. In this case study, a new principle and assessment indices for the evaluation are applied for the 4 urban forests in two Korean metropolitan cities, Daejeon and Ulsan. The evaluation of Korean urban forest-function as biotope and the assessment for the classification of biotope diversity types are carried out. The AUEM(Adding Up Estimation Matrix) is applied for the analysis of urban forests. Unlikely previous researches on the other Korean metropolitan cities, the size of urban forest has less influence on the vegetation diversity. The most frequent biotope grade is the 3rd grade at Namseon park and Mt. Hamwol, while Mt. Bomun and Mt. Yeompo show the 4th grade. The grades of forest-function as biotope are from 3rd to 5th in which lower than average in forest-function grades. This means that the 4 sites are still not-matured forests and less-functional forests as the urban biotope.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.444-450
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• 2012

The physical and chemical properties of soil in the Mangyeong and Dongjin river basin had been investigated in order to establish the most optimum soil improvement plan on the reclaimed land. The total soil area by reclamation in Saemangeum basin is 113,971 ha. The classification by the distribution of soil series and soil texture is as following. 13 soil series including Chonnam, Buyong and Chonbuk series are period-unknown areas. Regarding the soil texture, they are fine silty ~ clayey very fine. From 1920s to 1960s, Mangyeong, Gwanghwal and Chonbuk series had coarse silty textured soil. After the 1970s, Mangyeong, Gwanghwal, Munpo, Yeompo, Poseung, Gapo and Hasa series have more sandy soil ~ moderately coarse loamy textured soil. Regarding the chemical properties, the concentrations of EC, Exch. $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and pH are high regardless of the time of reclamation. On the other hand, organic matter (OM) of top soil were 3.3~16.1 g $kg^{-1}$. The organic matter contents were very low though the soil had been farmed for a long time. Furthermore, the deep soil had almost no organic matter with 5.6~1.1 g $kg^{-1}$. The reason is believed that there had not been any movement of OM and clay because pressure or induced pans had been formed by large agricultural machineries and poor vertical drain. Regarding the forming of illuvial horizon (B layer) which tells the development extent of soil, only in the Hwapo reclaimed area where rice had been cultivated for past 90 years, Fe and Mn from top soil are deposited at underground 20~30 cm with 7~8 cm thickness by the movement of clay. It is believed that it had been possible because the earthiness is silty clay loam soil with relatively high content of clay. The soils are soil with concern of damage from sea water, soil on flimsy ground and sandy soil. Therefore, soil improvement for stable crop production can be expected; if the water table would be lowered by subsurface drainage, the water permeability would be enhanced by gypsum and organic matter, and the sandy soil would be replaced by red soil with high content of clay.