• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1673-1681
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• 2018

In this paper, the fabrication of a white light-emitting diode (WLED) package capable of producing different color rendering indexes (CRI ($R_a$)) using different types of phosphors (YAG:Ce, Silicate, Nitride, LuAG) for the LEDs is presented. The color quality is evaluated based on the current and temperature variation conditions. The evaluation method for color quality compares the existing CIE 13.3 method and the new IES TM-30-15 method. The CRI ($R_a$) defined in the conventional CIE 13.3 has the disadvantage. This cannot offer any information relevant to the user's preference. However, the newly proposed IES TM-30-15 method suggests the additional measure related to user's preference such as Color Gamut ($R_g$). The present experimental results obtained using the IES TM-30-15 show that the color quality of the WLEDs using green and red phosphors are better than that of the WLEDs using yellow phosphor, but their luminous efficacies are lower. The color quality of WLEDs using green and red phosphors are more stable than that of the WLEDs using yellow phosphor, for current and temperature variations, and it is verified that the phosphor causes this change. The evaluation method for color quality, based on IES TM-30-15, is proved to be capable of overcoming the problems of the existing evaluation methods by this study.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.318-328
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• 2021

We investigated the maturity and spawning of the brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini, in the coastal waters of the East Sea off Gangwon and Gyeongbuk, South Korea, using samples collected by gill net and longline fishery from January 2018 to December 2019. We analyzed oocyte development, monthly maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and total length at maturity. Histological analysis of ovarian development in P. herzensteini revealed that the development was group-synchronous. The spawning peak in Gangwon and Gyeongbuk occurred from April to May and from February to March, respectively. Thus, the spawning season in Gangwon was 1-2 months later than that in Gyeongbuk. The length at 50% maturity for females was estimated as 24.2 cm and 19.0 cm in Gangwon and Gyeongbuk, respectively. Similarly, the length at 50% maturity for males was estimated as 19.8 cm and 16.5 cm in Gangwon and Gyeongbuk, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2021

The maturation and spawning of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus were inversigated using 2,415 samples collected monthly from January 2017 to December 2019, in the Yellow Sea of Korea. We analyzed monthly changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI), maturity stage, egg diameter (mm), the relations fecundity and total length (cm). The spawning period was February to March. Fecundity varied between 334,836 and 2,099,600 eggs. The relationship between the fecundity and TL of fish was expressed in F=186.86TL2.0954 (R2=0.7359). The percentage of sexually mature females estimated from a logistic function was over 50%, 75% and 97.5% for the size (TL) 39.3, 44.8 and 57.7 cm.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2011

In order to develop highly-integrated RGBY(Red, Green, Blue, Yellow) LED light, a high thermal radiation ceramic package was manufactured, and the encapsulation process was applied with a vacuum printing encapsulation system(VPES). After the completion of vacuum printing, the shape of the encapsulation layer could be controlled by heat treatment during the curing process, and the optical power became highly increased as the encapsulation layer approached a dome shape. The optical characteristics involved in a Correlated Color Temperature(CCT), a Color Rendering Index (CRI), and the efficiency of RGBY LED light were able to be identified by the experimental designing method. Regarding the characteristics of the white light of RGBY LED light, which were measured on the basis of the aforementioned optical characteristics, CRI posted 88, CCT recorded 5,720[$^{\circ}K$], and efficiency exhibited 52[lm/W]. The chip temperature of RGBY LEDs was below 55[$^{\circ}C$] when the consumption power of LED chips was 0.1[W] for the red, 0.3[W] for the green, 0.08[W] for the blue, and 0.24[W] for the yellow. Also, the thermal resistance of the highly-integrated RGBY LED light measured by T3Ster was 2.3[K/W].

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1760-1765
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• 2008

A total of 60 one-day-old Yellow-feather broiler chickens were allotted into treatment and control groups. The treatment group was fed with the diet supplemented with 3% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for 48 d, while control group was fed with the diet supplemented with 3% rapeseed oil. Chickens were slaughtered in each group at the age of 49 d, and the blood and the abdominal adipose tissue were sampled. Serum cLeptin and serum cAdiponectin were measured by ELISA. The total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue to measure the abundance of the chicken growth hormone receptor (cGHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (cIGF-1), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (cIGF-IR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($cPPAR{\gamma}$), cAdiponectin and cAdipoIR mRNA by RT-PCR using ${\beta}$-actin as an internal standard. Results showed that the CLA decreased the abdominal fat index by 20.93% (p<0.05). The level of serum cLeptin but not serum cAdiponectin was significantly increased by CLA treatment (p<0.05). CLA down-regulated the relative abundance of cGH-R mRNA and $cPPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue by 24.74% (p<0.05) and 66.52% (p<0.01) respectively. However, no differences were found between CLA treatment group and control group (p>0.05) in the relative abundance of cIGF-1, cIGF-IR, cAdiponectin, and cAdipoIR mRNA in abdominal adipose tissue. The data suggested that CLA inhibited abdominal fat deposition in broiler chicken may be determined by decreasing the GHR available for GH, and by inhibiting the differentiation of preadipocytes via down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$, but independent of IGF and (or) GH-IGF pathway or adiponectin action.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

The maturity and spawning of the yellow goosefish Lophius litulon were studied using samples collected monthly from January to December 2018 from the coastal waters of Korea. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), total length (TL) at 50%, 75%, and 97.5% group maturity, egg diameter and fecundity. The spawning period was from January to June. The size of eggs spawned was between 0.30 to 1.28 mm. Fecundity varied between 328,314 to 1,624,783 eggs. The percentage of sexually mature females estimated from a logistic function was over 50% at 48.67 cm TL, 75% at 56.76 cm TL and 97.5% at 74.89 cm TL.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2005

구기자의 기능성을 지닌 케이크의 제조를 위해서 밀가루의 4%, 0%, 12%, 16%, 20%를 구기자 분말로 대체한 후에, 케이크의 물리적, 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 저장기간 동안의 케이크의 경도와 수분함량의 변화를 측정하여, 케이크의 품질변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 구기자 함량이 12%, 16%, 20%인 반죽의 비중은 유의성 있게 감소하였지만, 케이크의 비 체적은 20% 첨가구를 제외하고는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 껍질색은 구기자의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 갈색이 진해지괴 어두워졌으며, 내부색은 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 어둡고 주황색이 진해졌다. 구기자를 4%, 8% 함유한 케이크는 촉촉함과 부드러움성, 기호도에서 대조구와 차이가 없는 것으로 평가되어 케이크에 대한 구기자 분말의 최적 대체비율은 4-8%로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.766-772
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• 2008

The objective of this investigation was to develop iced cookies with freeze-dried yellow onion powder (YP) and red onion powder (RP) at composition levels of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10%. The moisture (13.61%) and crude ash contents (3.43%) of YP was higher than RP, while the crude protein (7.58%) and crude fat contents (0.65%) of RP was higher than YP. Freeze-dried YP showed a higher lightness and yellowness value compared to RP, because of the unique color of the onion. The browning index was lower in YP. The pH of the dough significantly decreased by addition of onion powder, while the density of the dough was significantly increased in RP samples than the others. The iced cookies showed a lower lightness value, and a higher redness value with increase of onion powder contents. Hardness of YP cookies up to 5% and RP cookies up to 3%, were lower compared to the control. With regards to the sensory characteristics, $3{\sim}5%$ YP cookies and 3% RP cookies were more acceptable than the others. As a result, the optimal ratio of freeze-dried YP and RP iced cookies were calculated at 5% YP and 3% RP levels.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 청색 LED 칩에 YAG:Ce와 $(Sr,Ba)_2SiO_4:Eu$ 등 두 종류의 황색 형광체를 적용해서 제작한 백색 LED의 발광특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 두 백색 LED의 발광 스펙트럼의 특성을 분석하기 위한 수학적 함수 형태로써 Asymmetric double sigmoidal 함수를 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였고 이를 통해 발광 스펙트럼을 구성하는 피크들의 중심파장, 폭, 비대칭성에 대한 정보를 정량적으로 구해서 비교하였다. 분석 결과 실리케이트계 형광체의 발광 스펙트럼 폭이 YAG 형광체에 비해 더 좁아 연색지수의 측면에서 불리한 반면 구동전류에 따른 색도 안정성의 측면에서는 더 유리하다는 것을 확인하였다. 두 백색 LED의 발광효율은 구동전류의 증가에 따라 단조감소하였는데, 실리케이트 형광체 기반 LED의 발광효율이 YAG형광체 기반 LED에 비해 약 10~12 lm/W 정도 작음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2023

The maturity and spawning of the large yellow croaker Larmichthys crocea were investigated using samples randomly collected in the Jeju coastal area, Korea. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stages, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and egg diameter. Additionally, we verified fecundity by size class and total length (TL) at sexual group maturity at 50%, 75%, and 97.5%, as well as by sex ratio (female vs. male). The overall sex ratio of females to males was 1:0.42. The GSI values showed a peak in October, but the spawning season, revealed by the microscopic analysis of gonadal tissue of L. crocea was from October 2021 to March 2022, with the main spawning period from October to November. The fecundity (F) of female L. crocea ranged from 39,232 eggs at 20 to 29.9 cm to 251,003 eggs at 50 to 59.9 cm, with the relationship between TL and F being 80.244TL-1641.6. In females, TL at 50%, 75%, and 97.5% maturity was 22.4, 24.3, and 29.0 cm, respectively.