• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.46-57
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• 2003

The Yangdong traditional historic village is a representative village having symbolic historic values and unique combinations of natural, cultural, and social characteristics of a Korean historic settlement environment, which has been protected by Cultural Asset Protection Law since 1984. Now, in spite of its potential diverse powers, national strategies concerning Yangdong village do not have satisfactory direction and results. In consideration of this notion, this paper is designed to find and to understand the current state of Yangdong village. This paper aims to analyze The changes in Yangdong village between 1994 and 2002, and through these comparisons, to diagnose and predict future aspects of Yangdong village. Primary data was collected by questionnaire investigation between 1994 and 2002. The living conditions, production, and consciousness of residents of Yangdong village are utilized as standards of analysis. The final analysis results can be summarized as follows: because of the Cultural Asset Protection Law, noticeable changes have occurred in Yangdong village over the last 8 years. These change are different from the ones occurring in general farm villages. Also, most issues related to the changes are interpreted as occurring as a result of the top-down approach, which disregards the opinions and wishes of residents. For this, introduction of renovation concept that emphasizes modernization of life and production space is urgently required. To this end, it is necessary that concern for the traditional historic village should diversity and expand, and not concentrate solely on the cultural properties and architecture-oriented historic elements.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

In this study, there is a purpose of using the GIS DB built in DEM, by analyzing the physical characteristics of the building site Yangdong village, to determine the spatial structure of the village. In order to understand the targeted spatial structure of Yangdong Village, the building site was analyzed separately by type and position. Through analysis it is clear the selection of building site relates to the slope and aspect that aquires the most solar radiation in Yangdong Village. This study shows that the amount of solar radiation in the terrain is unfavorable in parts of the village because slope and elevation affect the selection of the building site. That is, this village is confirmed to be influenced by solar radiation, according to slope and elevation, based on how the Yangdong Village is configured. And, while overcoming the adverse conditions to make the most, the village is formed according to the natural environmental conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2003

Yangdong village is located at Kangdong-myun, Kyungju, Kyungsangbuk-do, Korea. There are two major families, the Sons of Wallsung beginned from Son, So(1433∼1484) and the Lees of Yeohkang the descendant of Lee, Unjeok. They are lived together under check and help for 500 years. The village located on the hill of Ankang plain. There are Homyung mountain and Sonaiu peak in front of it and Solchang mountain on the back. 47 shaped ridges form Blue dragon to the east, and White tiger to the west. Ahnrockchon flows from north Joined Hyungsan river and flows into Youngilman. Therefore the village is located at mountain on it's back and along with stream. Buildings are deployed on the valley between hills, it is not easily detected, but it give it's atmosphere of mountain village. Village location and space composition combined with natural environment, folk belief, feng-shui, and social system of confucianism. Blended buildings affected between ruling and ruled classes or among different families shown environmental design accomplishing united cultural space. The prospect of Yangdong village, a mountain village, expressed two sides of visible scenery of open inside and invisible from outside. Observation point such as head family house, pavilion, and village school are deployed at the point taking bird's-eye view, which striving mental stability.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2003

The purpose of this research explain the meaning of the environmental design principles and cultural landscape pattern(dualistic space organization) of the Hahoe(河回:winding river village) the Yangdong(良洞) traditional village. Village's space organizations based on Shamanism, fin-yang and Five elements principle, Feng-shui idea, social system and Confucian ideas. And it were accomplish curat landscape pattern(village:form+object=pattern) through the frame of settlement space. As a central persons of villages(the Hahoe $.$ the Yangdong) construction, Suhae(西厓) experienced tough Chunghyodang - Wonjichongsa - Ogyonchongsa - Pyongsansowon channel(忠孝堂 -遠志精舍 -玉端精含 -脣山書院) and Kyomam(謙 ) experienced tough Yangjindang - Binyeonchongsa - Kyomamchongsa - Hwachonsodang(養眞堂 - 賓淵精舍 - 謙庵f精舍 - 花川書堂) channel. Also Woojae(愚齋) experienced tough Suhbackdang - Khankachung - Dongkangsowon(書百堂 - 觀稼停 - 東江書院) and Hoejae(晦齋) experienced tough Moochumdang - Hyangdan - Oaksansowon(無添堂 - 香壇 - 玉山書院). It is space organization of themselves interact contrast and sequence principles with competition in good faith. And ecological art-space, that is, environmental spare organizations of traditional village has been reflected harmony between nature and artificiality, spatial rhythm and sequence, spatial hierarchy between upper classes and humble class, permeability space, asymmetrical balance, aesthetic space perception. The humble classes hold a ceremony Hahoe's Pyolsingut-Talnori(maskdance drama), Dangjae(堂祭:religious service) at the Dang(堂:shamanism spot) and Yangdong's Sohraesulnori, Hohminori. And the upper class hold a ceremony Hahoe's Julbulnori and Yangdong's Chungjanori connected with culture of confucianism. Specially, the cultural structure cf the village is evidence of a contrast between the upper class and the humble classes, time, method and location of ceremony(performance).

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.793-824
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• 2011

This study is to explore implications for sustainable development of Yangdong Village in Gyeongju through identifying effect of its designation as a World Cultural Heritage on residents' quality of life. The following are the findings achieved by empirical analysis. First, eight valuable factors of placeness were identified through factor analysis, about which residents were especially conscious in terms of "living condition", "cultural environment", "economic QOL", "natural environment conservation", "sense of community", "cooperative facilities", "control over increasing population", "transport environment". Second, the importance -satisfaction scores of identified 8 factors were found very high in importance showing relatively low level of low level of satisfaction. Especially, what caused residents's low QOL was economic status-concerned factor showing the lowest QOL index, and other factors such as cooperative facilities and transport environment negatively impacted on resident's QOL as well. Also, it was revealed that residents had a positive attitude toward entering of their village into UNESCO world heritage sites with hope that it would improve their economic QOL. Based on these results, implications for sustainability of Yangdong Village and research limitations were discussed, and further research direction was supposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study analyzed push, pull motivation factors and satisfaction of visitors who visited Yangdong village in order to maintain, conserve and seek for effective utilization of this village. The result of this study was summarized as follows. Firstly, the result was that 'personal relations' has a positive impact on 'regional environment' and 'amenities', 'the pursuit of knowledge' has a positive impact on 'regional environment' and 'amenities' on the correlation between the visit motivation and the visit satisfaction. Secondly, 'the pursuit of knowledge' and 'the desire to new experience' have positive impact on the visit satisfaction on a part of the push factor generally. Physical environment was a only factor that has a positive impact on the visit satisfaction on a part of the pull factors. Thirdly, the intention of recommendation was a only factor to has a positive impact on the visit satisfaction on the correlation between the intention of return visit, recommendation and the visit satisfaction. It was proved that the intention of return visit was strongly associated with the intention of recommendation. This result of this study confirmed the important pull and push factor to enhance the tourist attraction of Yangdong village. It will be helpful to make the preliminary data for planning and conservation guidance of traditional village.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.124-134
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• 1997

The primary purpose of this research is to scientifically investigate visual structure of Korean feng-shui at the level of village settlement. This study deals with Hahoi and Yangdong villages of which feng-shui is regarded highly fit to traditional feng-shui principles. Methodologically this research utilizes analytical tools of geographical information systems and statistical analysis methods, Visual structures of the villages'feng-shui are analyzed in terms of elevation, orientation, gradient of slope and relative dominance of visibility of major hills. A mathematical model is suggested to quantify facets of the villages'lung-shui with reference to slope trends. The quantitative analysis results indicate that both villages have good feng-shui. Hahoi village has an excellent feng-shui attributable to a near perfect harmony between water and terrain while Yangdong village has an effective feng-shui facet for conserving energy in terms of microclimate. Principles of fang-shui have potentials to be developed as a holistic planning and design language. Further in-depth research on feng-shui needed to accomplish this goal.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 1999

This study, from conditions connected with water in Feng-Shui theory, is to find out their influence of the location and spatial composition of the studied villages, Hawei and Yangdong, and then to offer the result as basic data for the study of the traditional village in the future. The study method is to analyze topography by the map and present state of villages studied, to interprete them on the base of location, spatial composition, and chi, and then to analyze the relevancy of Feng-Shui theory of them. The result of the study are to be following: Houses of Hawei village are situated on the inside of a winding stream of waterway, while those of Yang dong village are located on the outside of a winding stream of waterway. In case of Hawei village, showed the close interrelation between the distribution of present houses and running speed of waterway by positin. Judging from the location, orientation and surroundings of mountains and waterway, topographical composition of Hawei village is Duk su guk, but that of Yang dong village is Juang feng guk. Comparing with Yang dong and Hawei in location and spatial composition, the conditions of waterway as being locational factor, for example, the geomancy of situation, orientation, and phisical phenomena(lenth, width, and depth of waterway in front of village) of waterway, are more importantly considered in Hawei village being situated on even land than in Yang dong located at the foot of the mountain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze distribution situation of alien plants and to propose management plan in the 3 Folk village in Gyeongsangbuk-do which is Cultural property designated by the State; Hahoe, Yangdong and Hangae. This research is for improve of sincerity of historical site and provide basic information which use about administration of preservation. The results are as follows. 1. Overall flora and alien plants appearance The total flora in the 3 folk villages were listed total 752 taxa including 127 families, 430 genera, 614 species, 5 subspecies, 100 varieties and 33 forms. Among them, woody plants take 263 taxa(35.0%) and herbaceous plants take 489 taxa (65.0%). Flora in the Hahoe, Yangdong and Hangae village were total 534, 479 taxa and 408 taxa and exotic plant index was 30.1%, 38.2% and 37.0% respectively. In types of exotic plants, ornamental exotic plants were 135 taxa, deciduous exotic plants were 21 taxa, cultivating exotic plants were 64 taxa, and naturalized exotic plants were 80 taxa and those result lead that the ornamental exotic plants is the highest ratio. According to the villages, Hahoe village had 161 taxa(30.1%), Yangdong Village had 183 taxa(38.2%), and Hangae village had 151 taxa(37.0%) that Yangdong village showed the most number of exotic plants. 2. Planting of landscape exotic plants in the unit cultural assets Meanwhile, Ornamental exotic plants in old house's gardens in Andong Hahoe village which is designated as a unit assets, those are total 30 taxa; followed by the Okyeon house(8 taxa) is highest and the Yangjindang(7), the Hadong house(6) and the Chunghyodang(5). Magnolia denudata appears the most as for 4 times and Campsis grandiflora etc. each took 2 times. Based on the Yangdong village, Gyeongju, that are found total 51 taxa; followed by the Dugok house(16 taxa) the Sujoldang(14), the Mucheondang(13), and the Sangchunheon (12). High appearance rate of ornamental exotic plants were Viburnum opulus for. hydrangeoides, Lycoris squamigera, Caragagna sinica and Magnolia denudata etc. Based on the Hangae village, Seongju, that are designated total 62 taxa; followed by the Jinsa house(35 taxa), the Gyori house(25), the Hanju head family house(20), and the Hahoe house(16). Taxa with high appearance rates were Caragana sinica, Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis, Magnolia denudata, Viburnum opulus for. hydrangeoides, Chaenomeles speciosa etc. 3. Problems of exotic plant landscapes in the outer spaces of the folk villages Problems of exotic plant landscapes in the outer spaces of the Hahoe village are as follows. In lower of the Mansongjeong forest, Ambrosia artemisifolia, which are ecosystem disturbance plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, live with high dominance value. This should be have a remove with Sicyos angulatus immediately. In the Nakdong river bed around the Mansongjeong forest is covered with a riparian vegetation forest belt of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest, Populus nigra var. italic community, and Populus x tomentiglandulosa community colony. Based on the Yangdong village, the planted or naturally distributed Ailanthus altissima colony, sporadically distributed Robinia pseudoacacia as well as Amorpha fruticosa are detected all over the village and ecotones. Based on the Hangae village, Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia are sporadically distributed around the village and there is a sign of spreading. similarity of exotic plantsis 47.0% to 48.6% and a reason why this happened is all of research site in Gyeongsanbuk-do and that is why growth norm of plant is similar, exotic plant which is sales for ornamental and it infer to require related countermeasure of each villages and joint related countermeasure.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.35
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• pp.315-329
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• 2018

This study starts from the points of comparative analysis about cultural differences of old traditional communities. Those communities are Chinese Fujian tulou and Historic Villages of Korea Hahoe and Yangdong. (i..e.Yangdong ) I worked field study on traditional communities in two countries and literiture study. I have analysied on characteristics of Fujian tulou and Yangdong. and compared Fujian tulou's characteristics with traditional characteristics of Yangdong The results of this study are as follows. First, Fujian tulou was built according to the nature, and they have worshipped their anscestor and they are the blood relative community. Second, Yangdong was built according to the nature, too. But Yangdong has been completely reflected the confusianal societies' classes.( ex : yangban and slave ) Yangdong has the characteristics on confusianal community. From the results of this study, I think that further study is needed about non- physical cultural factors which were served to maintain the traditional community like governance, self doctrine and community rules.