• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.32-45
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is, to renew understanding the aesthetic value of a ruff collar and to expand the border of creation in designing as the source of inspiration being applied to an retro style by inquiring various ruff collars re-illuminated in the present-day fashion trend. The ruff collar investigated through the above historical contemplation became the source of inspirations in the current retro trend and was variously modified in modern fashion. In the 1980s, we can find a dignified and feminine image in graceful and exquisite suits or dresses. Especially, the spanish round ruff of the 2st period appeared on works by a lot of designers. From the application by designers like John Galliano in the latter half of the 80s, we can be well aware that the meaning of decoration was newly altered. In the 1990s, the ruff collar was shown in various fashion style, but it was what was reborn as a factor of modern fashion through a liberal compromise and harmony. Various style was shown from exaggeratedly swelling one to smaller one, which were more diversely applied than that of the 80s. A Medici collar and a Queen Elizabeth collar were also displayed being fitted to a modern sense by Vivienne Westwood and Louis F raud. A ruff in the 2000s was settled as a factor of modern fashion, exposing on works of designers more often than in the 1980s and 90s. The spanish round ruff appeared on garments, while a Medici collar and a Queen Elizabeth collar went out of sight. A new form of the ruff was regenerated by extreme magnification and simplification, and several designers like Issey Miyake and Alexander Mcqueen brought forward a new way in materials and technical skills. According to this research, a ruff collar developed as a fashion factor which characterizes a certain period of time, reflecting the aesthetical sense of Renaissance and turning into various and distinct forms. Afterwards, it exerted influence on modern fashion. This is offering the source of inspiration to contemporary designers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.154-168
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• 2009

This study aims on providing a design technique that expresses aesthetical elements by arranging the analysis of sensual beauty into detailed elements of design from music video outfits by genre of pop music, by observing music videos of female vocalists chosen from each genre of pop music focusing on their fashion. The results of this study are the following. 1. In the genre rock, the sensual beauty of female were expressed with a boyish and neutral style using texture such as leather or denim, and such style had the effect of emphasizing their feminine side even more. 2. In the genre dance music, exposure is extensive compared to other genre using sexy or lingerie look, and I found an ambivalent style of feminism with clothes in the form of drapery using textures such as chiffon and silk, and femme fatale style with textures adhering to the body such as leggings, leotard, and bodysuit. 3. In the genre of rap and hip-hop, clothes from casual and costume-play style were found using training jersey, t-shirt, and denim pants, and emphasized the sensual beauty of women by showing a silhouette with short length and fitting style using shiny textures. 4. In the genre of R&B, there were diverse outfits that suits the characteristics of characters appearing in the stories, or the situation of the story since there are many dramatic representation in the form of story Especially in case of female characters, the feminine side was emphasized staging a feminine style by wearing dresses with the texture of chiffon and silk. Exposure was restrained compared to other genre.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.12-32
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• 2007

This study aims at investigating Geisha costume hidden in the history until now and how the fashion of Geisha style is expressed in accordance with character through the movie 'Memoirs of a Geisha'. Major contents of the text consist of studies including the historical background and characteristics of Geisha costume in Chapter 2, the Japanese style expressed in the movie through the analysis of the work in Chapter 3, The movie brought in an opportunity to spread the mysterious culture and art of Japan to the world, making Japanese style an important interest in the world of fashion as well. In a way to study this, the investigation was carried out through literature data, DVD and newspaper of , fashion magazine, articles from the Internet, ete. The Geisha trend has made the hot blast blown harder in such ways to affect not only fashion but also cosmetics, electronic appliance, interior, etc. In S/S 2006, it was not limited to the Japanese style but diffused to the Orientalism in China, India, Korea, etc. It can be said that this study has its significance to be a starting point in investigating the special characters of Japanese Geisha costume hidden up to now. In the studies following in the future, the formative beauty demonstrated per Japanese designer needs to be more studied. Furthermore, it seems noteworthy to analyze and compare Chosun Dynasty's Kisaeng with Japanese Geisha.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.14-28
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• 2013

This study attempts to systematically analyze a red carpet style. I have researched the Academy Awards called representative film awards which symbolizes international fame and the Grammy Awards which is the most prestigious award in the music industry by subdividing into formative elements such as silhouette, color, fabric, pattern, detail, accessory, fashion image, and so on from 2000 to 2012. Firstly, when it comes to silhouette, mermaid silhouette accounts for the highest proportion in the Academy Awards. Compared to this, fit silhouette is shown almost the same percentage as the mermaid silhouette in the Grammy Awards. Secondly, with regard to color, black color has not only the highest percentage but also examples of different unit forms such as various color, showy gradation and single colors. Various colors in the Grammy Awards have similar percentage in comparison with the Academy Awards. Thirdly, in terms of fabric, silky material is often used most, which looks like putting more weight on dresses for the formative elements of clothes. Fourthly, in pattern, patternless dresses are represented by high percentage at both the Academy Awards and Grammy Awards. Dresses with patterns have mild, stylistic elements and geometric designs. The Grammy Awards shows many different unique patterns, color and size, compared to the Academy Awards. Fifthly, in detail, frill and ruffle ornaments are shown most at the Academy Awards and Grammy Awards. Especially in the Grammy Awards, beads ornaments are used most. Sixthly, in accessory, there are many accessories of graceful, elegance styles in the Academy Awards. On the contrary to this, there are many accessories to effect on many performances of large, fancy, unique styles. Seventhly, elegance images of a goddess style among fashion images emerge as fashion of the Academy Awards. In spite of romantic styles in the Grammy Awards, many various images are the same rate as there, which means different appearance of experiment and sensational styles.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.879-889
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dimensions of clothing benefits sought of male and female consumers in their twenties. It also aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics associated with customers types and the relationship among the related variables by the consumers types. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, and $X^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The clothing benefits consisted of five factors, which were the pursuit of style, individuality, popular brand, vogue, and practicality. Based on these five factors, respondents were classified into four consumer types, which were style-and-trend-oriented, practicality-oriented, popular brand-oriented, and fashion indifference consumers. 2) In terms of the demographics, there were significant differences in age, gender, and total income among the consumer types of clothing benefits. 3) There was a significant difference in single brand loyalty in terms of the consumers types of clothing benefits. The popular brand-oriented group showed the highest mean in the single brand loyalty, while the practicality-oriented group did the lowest. 4) There were significant differences in the selection of the stores among consumers types of clothing benefits. Specifically, the style-and-trend-oriented group the most selected department stores, while practicality-oriented group chose fashion outlets or online shopping malls the most. Additionally, in terms of the information sources, the style-and-trend-oriented group the most frequently used magazine ads, while the popular-brand-oriented group preferred commercials on TV or radio, direct mail, or flyers from department stores. On the other hand, the fashion indifference group the most frequently used mass media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.2 s.111
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• pp.132-142
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• 2007

School uniforms are mass produced by large companies and prominent fashion designers. However many high school students modify their uniform or use fashion accessaries to pursue their individualities and their unique style. The objectives of this research were to identify uniform modification and fashion accessory wearing according to the attitudes toward uniform of high school students. The results were as follows; 1. Factors of the attitudes toward school uniform were style and brand, fashion, role intimation, individuality, and neatness. High school students were classified as the uniform indifference group, the pro-uniform group, and the centrist-uniform group according to their attitudes toward uniform. 2. Many students in academic or boys' high schools were classified into the centrist-uniform stoup, and many in art & physical educational or coeducational high schools were classified into the pro-uniform group. The pro-uniform group modified uniform more and stated that the regulation on the fashion accessory wearing was very strict. The uniform indifference group modified uniform less than other groups and complained less about regulation of fashion accessary wearing. 3. Students in art & physical educational high schools showed more positive tendency toward uniform attitudes, uniform modification, and fashion accessary regulation compliances.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the characteristics and styles of wearing scarves in the contemporary fashion. Scarf-wearing styles found in the contemporary fashion are as follows: 1) Scarves are used as gorgeous hair accessories which are tied around the head like a headband, turban. 2) The second style is to wear scarves around the neck, which involves a variety of ideas. 3) Shawl-like scarves add elegance and femininity to any outfit when they are draped over the shoulders. 4) Scarves are also worn instead of or in addition to a belt with a dress, skirt, pants. 5) The style is to tie a scarf in knots at the back of the neck and the waist as it is shaped or in a diagonally half-folded shape. 6) You can tie a scarf to your hat or handbag or connect a long scarf to one part of your body.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

This study is to analyze consumer's visiting fashion trade area. The purpose of this study, focused on Taegu fashion area, Dongsungro and Bum udong, consumer's spatical beravior, fashion- life-style, clothing purchasing type and Store- Image, etc. This study targeted 580 women aged from 15 to 25 visiting fashion trade area. The methods of measuring include consumer behavior scale, fashion life style scale, clothing purchasing type scale and Stor - Image scale. In process of statistics, the frequency was used to measure consumer's spatical behavior, MANOVA to measure, fashion life style and $\chi^2$ examination was employed to measure clothing purchasing type. The followings are the conclusions of this study ; 1. consumer's spatical behavior by FTA(fashion trade area) : Most people visiting Dongsungro A trade area and Bum udong trade area depart home, while Dongsungro B trade area from school. In case of Bum udong trade area, in particular, more people move from other trade area than people do in Dongsungro trade area. 2. Consumer spatical behavior means by FTA : Bus is far most common transportation. 3. The purpose of visit by FTA : Most people visit Dongsungro B trade area for shopping, while Bum udong trade area for shopping and as a place for appointment. 4. The visiting frequency by FTA : In case of both Dongsungro A.B trade area and Bum udong trade area, at least once a week is most common. Particularly in case of Bum udong trade area, the number of people visiting once every three months and once more than six months is almost same. 5. A company by FTA : People accompanied by the same sex friends are most common in Both Dongsungro A, B trade area and Bum udong trade area in case of Dongsungro B trade area. There is no case of people accompanied by family. 6. The purpose of purchasing fashion comodities by FTA : In case of Dongsungro A trade area for recreation. In case of Dongsungro B trade area and Bum udong trade area, because of affordable price. 7. A Brand - pursued tendency by FTA : Much higher in Dongsungro trade area than Bum udong trade area, among consumers. A character - pursued tendency by FTA : Higher in Dongsungro A than Dongsungro B,A practical tendency and symphatetic tendency Higher in Dongsungro B than Dongsungro A or Bum udong trade area. 8. A Store - Image scale by FTA : The quality of goods is more important to consumers in Dongsungro B than to consumers in Dongsungro A. The data - service and atmosphere are much more important to consumers in Dongsungro B than to consumers in Dongsungro A and Bum udong trade area. The convenience is more important to consumers in Dongsungro B Bum udong trade area than to consumers in Dongsungro A. 9. There is no significant difference among clothing purchasing types by FTA.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 2006

This study purposed to review the concept and characteristics of subculture theoretically and then to analyze subcultural hairstyles shown in the 20th century's fashion in terms of form, structure, texture, design line and design principle, which were formative factors of beauty art. The range of this study was from the 1950's to the 1990's, during which subcultural hairstyles, which were selected for this study, kept a unique formality as subcultural characteristics of each time were reflected in hairstyles. The hairstyles found in subcultural styles were reviewed as follows. From the formative analysis as the above, it was concluded that layer form was seen most frequently in the subcultural hairstyles. This may be because it has a lot of layers in hair, and enables to make more various forms with a simpler care than other hairstyles so that it is easy to show one's own characteristic or differentiate oneself from others. Thanks to the characteristics of layer form, horizontal and convex were often seen as design lines. As for a texture, straight often appeared. The texture of straight is naturally formed without any care applied on hair. The reason may be that most subcultures refused artificiality. Therefore, the characteristics of subcultural hairstyles may be that hairstyles are transformed into various forms and created into the styles appropriately for individual tastes so as to clearly express one's own idea and thought.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.88-98
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• 2005

This study focuses on the needs at both consumers and manufacturers. It aims to find ways for consumers to purchase outfits that would fit their particular body type and preferences at reasonable prices, choose raw materials and style at garments, and virtually try them on. In addition, the study is designed to help apparel manufacturers identity customers' changing needs, reduce inventories, manage information on customers' body type in a digitalized form, and eventually contribute to promoting electronic commerce. Based on nine basic patterns that tit each subject, 108 virtual garments are created by adjusting the size of the patterns (9 subjects $\times$ 4 body parts $\times$ 3 patterns = 108 outfits). In order to determine fitting preferences for each body part and find optimized conditions, cross-tabulation analysis including $X^2$ and frequency analysis were performed to measure the appearance rate. A style of virtual garment, which is minus 2cm from chest size was chosen as the most appropriate pattern to the baseline location of front the chest. For the waist parts, the C style as an appropriate virtual garment to front and back view. In the front, lateral and back view, a style was chosen in the response to the sleeve-bodice combinations, the ease amount of armhole area, the armhole depth and the loosening of tightening or armhole line.