• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.805-812
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine effects of feeding dry TMR(DTMR), wet TMR(WTMR) and fermented TMR(FTMR) on rumen fermentation, enzyme activity and digestibility in the total tract of sheep. Three rumen cannulated sheep were used in a 3${\times}$3 latin square design. The present results showed that pH, NH3-N, total and individual VFA, A/P ratio and enzymes (CMCase, Xylanase and Protease) activity in the rumen were higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. In addition, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF digestibility in the total tract were also higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. Therefore, the present results showed that WTMR and FTMR are better than DTMR for rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.735-741
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• 2011

Bealmijang is a short-term fermented regional product that is prepared with soybean and extra ingredients. In this study, starter strain candidates were screened from Bealmijang for fermented soybean paste products. Twenty one bacterial strains producing extracellular enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, xylanase and lipase) were isolated from Bealmijang, buckwheat sokseongjang. The isolates were assessed for fibrinolytic and antibacterial activities, and salt tolerance. Strain HJ18-4, identified as Bacillus subtilis (AB601598) by biochemical properties (89.6%) and 16S rDNA sequencing (100%), showed the highest enzymatic, fibrinolytic, and antibacterial activities among the isolates. Although the growth of HJ18-4 was inhibited by the increase of NaCl concentration, the growth still exceeded that of B. subtilis KACC 10114 at 5% and 10% NaCl. These results suggest that B. subtilis HJ18-4 is suitable as a starter for soybean paste manufacture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.761-766
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• 2008

The effects of various enzymes and emulsifiers on the loaf volume and crumb hardness of rice breads were studied. Four different enzymes [fungal ${\alpha}$-amylase (AMYL), maltogenic bacterial ${\alpha}$-amylase (NMYL), glucose oxidases (GO), and xylanase+hemicellulases (PTP)] and four emulsifiers [sorbitan monostearate (SMS), glycerol monostearate (GMS), sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), and glycerol ester+propylene glycol ester+sucrose ester+sorbitan ester (SP)] were supplemented to rice dough. The addition of AMYL, GO, and GO+AMYL increased loaf volume of rice breads. The highest loaf volume was observed in rice bread supplemented with AMYL. Rice breads supplemented with enzymes firmed at lower rates during storage, and AMYL, NMYL, and GO considerably decreased crumb hardness of rice breads, exhibiting a significant antistaling effect. The addition of emulsifiers produced rice breads with better specific loaf volume and crumb texture, and continuously retarded crumb hardness of rice breads during storage. Especially, rice bread supplemented with SSL demonstrated the highest loaf volume and the lowest crumb hardness during storage.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2012

The lignocellulytic enzymes including a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), ${\beta}$-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), ${\beta}$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) were extracted from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus eryngii. Different extraction buffers and conditions were tested for optimal recovery of the enzymes. The optimum extraction was shaking incubation (200 rpm) for 2 h at $4^{\circ}C$. ${\alpha}$-Amylase was extracted with the productivity range from 1.20 to 1.6 Unit/SMC g. Cellulase was recovered with the productivity range from 2.10 to 2.80 U/gf. ${\beta}$-glucosidase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase productivities showed lowest recovery producing 0.1 U/g and 0.02 U/g, respectively. The P. eryngii SMCs collected from three different mushroom farms showed different recovery on laccase and xylanse, cellulase. Furthermore, the water extracted SMC was compared to commercial enzymes for its industrial application in decolorization and cellulase activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

Shiitake breeding requires the procedures of mating of two different parental strains and selection of hybrid strains that have good traits for the mushroom production. In this study, we tested the possibility of the use of chromogenic plate-based assay for extracellular enzyme production in order to assess and find good biochemical properties-possessed hybrid strains that were generated from genetic cross of the monokaryotic strains derived from two different parental strains of Lentinula edodes Sanjo-101ho and Sanjo-108ho. We observed that there was difference in the ability of producing ${\beta}$-glucosidase, avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, and protease among the monokaryotic strains. We could also comparatively assess that the ability of the seven extracellular enzymes production in the hybrid strains depended on the mating combination of the monokaryotic strains. Our results demonstrate that the assessment method for extracellular enzyme production using chromogenic plate assay could be usefully applied to the assessment of the hybrid strains derived from the breeding procedure of L. edodes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2016

Bacillus subtilis SRCM 101269 having safety and amo gene isolated from Korean traditional fermented food and their investigated characterization to apply the cow manure such as cellulase and xylanase activities, 16S rRNA sequencing, and ability of removal of livestock manure odor. Cow manure application results for the removal of livestock manure odor, the ammonia gas was reduced more than two-folder compared to the control group after 6 days, and reduced to less than 10 ppm after 9 days. In the case of cow manure added fowl droppings and other wood-based mixture components, ammonia gas maintained constant after 3 days of fermentation. However, in the case of sample inoculated B. subtilis SRCM 101269, ammonia gas reduced in course of fermentation time, and concentration of hydrogen sulfide also reduced for 65 ppm. Changes of nitrite concentration according to fermentation time no showed different for cow manure, however nitrite concentration in mixed livestock manure increased when compared to control. And then sulfate concentration in cow manure decreased, and no showed different when compared to the initial fermentation. No apparent change of sulfate concentration in mixed livestock manure detected. Through the previously studies, B. subtilis SRCM 101269 has high potential in industrial application manufacturing the cow manure as removal of livestock manure odor.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 1976

In order to investigate the properties of enzymes from two strains of mold, reported in the previous paper, (1) studies have been made concerning the characteristics of cellulase of Aspergillus niger-SM6 and Trichoderma viride-SM10, and summarized as follows. 1. In the semi-purification the recovery of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was the highest when 80-90% ethanol was used and 0.8 saturation of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$. 2. The characteristics of the semi-purified enzyme were as follows. Aspergillus niger-SM6 Trichoderma viride-SM10 Optimum pH 3.5 4.0 pH stability 3.0-6.0 3.0-6.0 Optimum temperature $60^{\circ}C$ $60^{\circ}C$ Heat stability below $60^{\circ}C$ below $50^{\circ}C$ Optimum reaction time 30 min. 60 min. Optimum CMC concentration 3% 3% 3. The Km values of CMCase were 0.8% and 1.01 for Aspergillus niger-SM6 and Trichoderma viride-SM10, respectively. 4. In the strain of Aspergillus niger-SM6, there were high activity of xylanase and pectinase.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

Three different strains of Lentinula edodes, Sanlim 5-Ho, Sanlim 6-Ho and Nongki 3-Ho, were cultured in the sawdust media of Mongolian oak(Quercu mongolica Fisch) for 90 days under dark and light conditions(each 30 days) and fruiting period(30 days). Weight loss of sawdust media was determined after fungal cultures and the contents of ergosterol in fungal mycelia were quantified by HPLC analysis followed by solvent extraction. Compared with the two other fungal strains$(8\%)$, weight loss of Sanlim 5-Ho was slightly lowered to $7\%$. The level of ergosterol content, a parameter for fungal growth, was continuously enhanced in Sanlim 5-Ho for dark and light incubation periods. However, Sanlim 6-Ho and Nongki 3-Ho recorded the maximized fungal growth under light condition. In fruiting periods the ergosterol contents were lowered in the three strains. Intra- and extracellular enzymes during cultural and fruiting periods were also characterized. The activity of Mn-peroxidase and laccase, which are characteristics enzymes for white rot fungi as lignin degrading enzymes, were determined as a high level overall the periods. As cellulose degrading indicators, the activity of CMCase, avicelase, xylanase and glucanase were detectable in initial incubation period.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 1997

Various physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of a composting system were compared with respect to their potential use for the monitoring and evaluation of composting processes for cattle manure. The temperature changed within a range of $30-65^{\circ}C$ during the whole composting process, and the period of active composting (>$40^{\circ}C$) persisted for 16 days. The concentrations of total carbon, total nitrogen, and organic matter decreased by 15% during active composting, but significant changes in C/N ratio were not observed. The decrease of temperature in the latter period of active composting caused a decrease of $NH_4^+-N$ and an increase of $NO_3^--N$ in the composting pile. When temperature exceeded $50^{\circ}C$, the population of thermophiles was higher than that of mesophiles by more than 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. Correlation analyses showed that amylase activity correlated positively with the population of mesophiles and reducing sugar content, but negatively with the population of thermophiles. Amylase activity was higher at the beginning of active composting, whereas cellulase, xylanase and ligninase activities which showed close relationship with each other, increased continually during active cornposting, suggesting the distinction of temporal niches between amylose-degrading and lignocellulose-degrading bacteria in the same habitat.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.639-646
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• 2024

This study was conducted to select a probiotic strain using Bacillus strains living in the intestines of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae. To select Bacillus strains, the ones derived from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae were heated at 80℃ for 10 min, Subsequently, they were appropriately diluted and screened primarily for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, followed by secondary selection based on protease activity. Among the selected strains, the F23-72 strain exhibited excellent CMCase and protease activities. This strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis F23-72 through 16S rDNA analysis. F23-72 showed similar activity to B. velezensis KACC10334 and K10 for CMCase, avicelase, cellobiase, xylanase, and mannanase, indicating the excellent functionality of extracellular enzymes. While its auto-aggregation was higher than L. plantarum K9, it was lower than B. velezensis K10. However, its co-aggregation with pathogenic strains and mucin adhesion was lower than with L. plantarum K9. These characteristics suggest that Bacillus strains generally have low adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and a low ability to remove pathogenic bacteria. B. velezensis F23-72 exhibited slightly superior antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium compared to KACC10334 and K10, with the best results observed at 18 and 24 hr. In conclusion, B. velezensis F23-72 demonstrates excellent extracellular enzyme activity and antibacterial properties, but low mucosal adhesion and pathogenic bacteria removal ability, suggesting its potential use as a probiotic to aid in digestion.