• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

OFDI는 전 세계 국가의 경제 발전에 있어 주요한 이슈 중의 하나이다. 2013년 중국 국가주석 시진핑은 아시아-아프리카 국제회의를 참석하여 일대일로를 제안하였다. 그중에서 OFDI (Outward Foreign Direct Investment)는 일대일로의 핵심적 정책이다. 중국 일대일로 정책의 발전, 한중FTA의 심화 및 양국 긴밀한 경제관계의 급속한 발전에 따라서 중국은 한국에 대한 OFDI를 확대해야 할것이다. 본 연구에서는 중국이 한국에 대한 OFDI를 바탕으로 시계열과 횡단면 두 가지 차원을 결합한PANEL의 데이터를 사용하여 OFDI의 결정적 요인을 확인하고자 한다. 실증분석 결과GRDP, HV, YNTL, FWYS, XFZS 등은 중국이 한국에 대한 OFDI의 결정적 요인으로 입증하였다. 또한 실증분석 결과를 바탕으로 한국이 중국의 OFDI를 유치에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2023

최근 중국과 대만관계가 위기를 맞으며 미중관계 및 동북아 지역 구도도 크게 흔들리고 있기에 우리는 양안관계의 변화에 주목해야 한다. 이 연구는 제20차 당대회의 '정치 보고'와 지도부 인사에 대한 내용 분석을 중심으로 시진핑의 대만정책을 분석함으로써 양안관계가 당대회 이후 어떻게 변화할 것인지 전망하고자 한다. 연구결과는 다음과같다. 첫째, 당대회 폐막 후 발표한 당헌 수정안에 무력침공의 가능성을 명기했듯이, 시진핑은 통일에 방점을 둔 강경한 대만정책을 펼칠 것이다. 둘째, '정치 보고'의 제2장, 11장, 13장, 14장 내용과 외교·안보 지도부 인사를 분석할 때 향후 미국과의 전략적 경쟁은 계속 심화될 것이다. 이에 따라 양안관계도 상당 기간 불안정성을 보일 것으로 예상된다. 셋째, 대만이 '일국양제'라는 통일방안을 거부하고 탈중국화 경향이 강화되고 있는 상황에서 앞으로 기존의 '반국가분열법'을 세부적으로 강화하는 법제화나 구체적인 시행령이 제정될 가능성이 있다. 넷째, 대만문제에 간섭하는 외부세력과 대만독립 세력에게는 강경한 대응을 할 것이고, 통일에 우호적인 국민당과 대만인들에게는 유인책을 구사하는 등 강온 양면전략이 함께 구사될 것으로 전망된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2010

In this study, the problems of high caloric content, increased maturation time, and off-flavors in commercial beer manufacture arising from residual sugar, diacetyl, and acetaldehyde levels were addressed. A recombinant industrial brewing yeast strain (TQ1) was generated from T1 [Lipomyces starkeyi dextranase gene (LSD1) introduced, ${\alpha}$-acetohydroxyacid synthase gene (ILV2) disrupted] by introducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucoamylase (SGA1) and a strong promoter (PGK1), while disrupting the gene coding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). The highest glucoamylase activity for TQ1 was 93.26 U/ml compared with host strain T1 (12.36 U/ml) and wild-type industrial yeast strain YSF5 (10.39 U/ml), respectively. European Brewery Convention (EBC) tube fermentation tests comparing the fermentation broths of TQ1 with T1 and YSF5 showed that the real extracts were reduced by 15.79% and 22.47%; the main residual maltotriose concentrations were reduced by 13.75% and 18.82%; the caloric contents were reduced by 27.18 and 35.39 calories per 12 oz. Owing to the disruption of the ADH2 gene in TQ1, the off-flavor acetaldehyde concentrations in the fermentation broth were 9.43% and 13.28%, respectively, lower than that of T1 and YSF5. No heterologous DNA sequences or drug resistance genes were introduced into TQ1. Hence, the gene manipulations in this work properly solved the addressed problems in commercial beer manufacture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4187-4192
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• 2014

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are important proteases involved in invasion and metastasis of various tumors. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare neoplasms. This study was performed to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in EGIST tissue samples for association with clinicopathological data from the patients. Twenty-one surgical EGIST tissue specimens were collected for analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression using immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were expressed in all of the epithelial cell types of EGISTs, whereas they were only expressed in 75% of the spindle cell type, although there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was associated with tumor size, mitotic rate, tumor necrosis, and distant metastasis (p<0.05). MMP-2 expression was linked with MMP-9 levels (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between MMP-9 expression and age, sex, primary site, or cell morphology in any of these 21 EGIST patients (p>0.05). Moreover, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins increased with the degree of EGIST risk. This study provided evidence of an association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with advanced EGIST behavior.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2253-2259
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• 2011

The self-assembly of one novel organic complex based on chlorogenic acid (HCA) and 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bipy) has been synthesized and characterized. The complex achieved by hydrogen-bonding interactions, adopted a 1:1 stoichiometry in a solid state. The proton transfer occurred from the carboxyl oxygen to the aromatic nitrogen atom to form salts CA${\cdot}$(2,2'-Hbipy), the 2,2'-Hbipy molecule individually occupies the pseudo-tetragonum that is formed with CA. In this paper, the interactions of CA${\cdot}$(2,2'-Hbipy) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by fluorescence spectrometry. For CA${\cdot}$(2,2'-Hbipy), HCA and 2,2'-bipy, the average quenching constants for BSA were $2.4384{\times}10^4$, $4.653{\times}10^3$, and $3.059{\times}10^3\;L{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, respectively. The mechanism for protein fluorescence quenching is apparently governed by a static quenching process. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants and corresponding thermodynamic parameters ${\Delta}$H, ${\Delta}$G and ${\Delta}$S were calculated. The binding constants and the number of binding sites were also investigated. The conformational changes of BSA were observed from synchronous fluorescence spectra.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3431-3436
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• 2012

Objective: X-ray cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) is a major repair gene for DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Several potentially functional polymorphisms of the XRCC4 gene have been implicated in breast cancer risk, but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between XRCC4 polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of science and CBM databases were searched for all relevant articles published up to June 20, 2012. Potential associations were assessed with comparisons of the total mutation rate (TMR), complete mutation rate (CMR) and partial mutation rate (PMR) in cases and controls. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.1.6 and STATA 12.0 software. Results: Five studies were included with a total of 5,165 breast cancer cases and 4,839 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showed that mutations of rs2075686 (C>T) and rs6869366 (G>T) in the XRCC4 gene were associated with increased risk of breast cancer, while rs2075685 (G>T) and rs10057194 (A>G) might decrease the risk of breast cancer. However, rs1805377 (A>G), rs1056503 (G>T), rs28360317 (ins>del) and rs3734091 (A>G) polymorphisms of XRCC4 gene did not appear to have an influence on breast cancer susceptibility. Conclusion: Results from the current meta-analysis suggest that the rs2075685 (G>T) and rs6869366 (G>T) polymorphisms of the XRCC4 gene might increase the risk of breast cancer, whereas rs2075685 (G>T) and rs10057194 (A>G) might be protective factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3417-3422
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• 2012

Objective: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is one of the pathways of repair of DNA double-strand breaks. A number of genes involved in NHEJ have been implicated as breast cancer susceptibility genes such as LIG4. However, some studies have generated conflicting results. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to investigate association between LIG4 gene polymorphisms in the NHEJ pathway and breast cancer risk. Methods: Studies focusing on the relationship between LIG4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer were selected from the Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, Springerlink, CNKI and CBM databases. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and the meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.1.6 and STATA Version 12.0 software, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: According to the inclusion criteria, we final included seven studies with a total of 10,321 breast cancer cases and 10,160 healthy controls in the meta-analysis. The results showed no association between LIG4 gene polymorphisms (rs1805386 T>C, rs1805389 C>T, rs1805388 C>T and rs2232641 A>G) and breast cancer risk, suggesting that the mutant situation of these SNPs neither increased nor decreased the risk for breast cancer. In the subgroup analysis by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and ethnicity, we also found no associations between the variants of LIG4 gene and breast cancer risk among HWE, non-HWE, Caucasians, Asians and Africans. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that there is a lack of any association between LIG4 gene polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6829-6835
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• 2014

Chemotherapy is the primary therapy for malignant lymphoma (ML). However, the clinical outcome is still far from satisfactory. Consequently, an understanding of the mechanism of modulating cancer cell invasion, migration and metastasis is important for the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agents. FNC, 2'-deoxy-2'-${\beta}$-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine, a novel cytidine analogue, has demonstrated significantly inhibitory effects on proliferation of several non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines. A previous study indicated that FNC effectively inhibited the growth of Raji and JeKo-1 cells in dose-time dependent effects with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.2{\mu}M$ and $0.097{\mu}M$, respectively. This study was focused on investigating the anti-invasive properties of FNC on NHL cells and its potential mechanisms of action. Cell adhesion and transwell chamber assays were utilized to investigate the anti-invasive effects of FNC on Raji and JeKo-1 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to qualify the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin, the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-$3{\beta}$), E-cadherin vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The results revealed that FNC remarkably inhibited the adhesion, migration and invasion of two human aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, ${\beta}$-catenin, MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF mRNA and protein levels were decreased after FNC treatment, while GSK-$3{\beta}$ and E-cadherin increased. Our studies thus provide evidence and a rationale that FNC may offer an effective chemotherapeutic agent by regulating the invasion and metastasis of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma via inhibition of the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling pathway.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제35호
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• pp.275-308
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• 2012

이 글은 조선후기 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구가 어떠한 특징을 지니는가를 고찰한 것이다. 자료의 측면에서 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구는 대체로 한원진을 중심으로 그의 동료, 문인들에 의해 연구되었음을 볼 수 있다. 또한 퇴계학파의 "역학계몽"연구가 이황 "계몽전의"이후, 16세기말로부터 19세기에 이르기까지 지속적으로 이어진데 비하여, 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구는 18세기에 집중적으로 논의되고, 그 이전과 이후에는 비중있는 연구저작들이 거의 발견되지 않는다. 기호성리학파의 "역학계몽"연구의 특징을 고찰하기 위해 본고에서 채택한 주제는 3가지로, 그들의 태극론, 하도와 8괘형성에 관한 이론, "본도서"의 이른바 '오위상득설'이 그것이다. 태극론의 경우 기호성리학파는 "역학계몽"의 상수적 태극을 이기지묘의 이기론과 인기질의 인성론을 바탕으로 해명하는 독특성을 보여준다. 하도와 8괘형성에 관한 이론에 있어서는 기호성리학파내부에서도 논의가 분분하여 명쾌하게 일치하지 않는다. 결국 그들은 종래 주희와 호방평이 하도와 복희팔괘횡도, 복희팔괘원도를 종합하여 하나의 원리로 설명하려던 시도를 유보한다. 한원진은 하도와 원도의 관계를 중심으로 양자의 관계를 보다 명쾌하게 설명해내는 방식을 취하고, 이는 그의 동료문인들에게 지지를 받는다. 이러한 과정은 전통적 진리체계의 보편성에 대한 의식의 균열을 내포하며, 이러한 기류는 홍대용과 같은 기호실학자들에 의해 전통과학과 진리체계가 부정되면서, 19세기 "역학계몽"연구가 지속되지 못하는 한 원인이 되었다는 것이 필자의 가설이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3637-3643
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• 2012

Objective: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks. Recent publications indicated that XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genes may participate in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to investigate associations between XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genetic polymorphisms in the NHEJ pathway and breast cancer risk. Methods: Studies focusing on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genes and susceptibility to breast cancer were selected from the Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, Springerlink, CNKI and CBM databases. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.1.6 and STATA Version 12.0 software. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated based on the extracted data. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, we final included seven studies with a total of 2,864 breast cancer cases and 3,060 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showed that rs3835 (G>A) and rs828907 (G>T) in XRCC5 gene, and rs132793 (G>A) in XRCC6 gene might increase the risk of breast cancer, while rs132788 G>T and rs6002421 (A>G) might be protective factors. However, there was no relationship between XRCC7 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the rs3835 G>A and rs828907 G>T in XRCC5 gene, rs6002421 (A>G), rs132788 (G>T) and rs132793 (G>A) in XRCC6 gene might be risk factors for breast cancer, while the rs132788 (G>T) and rs6002421 (A>G) in XRCC6 gene might be protective.