• 제목/요약/키워드: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri

검색결과 20건 처리시간 0.026초

Isolation and characterization of native plasmids carrying avirulence genes in Xanthomonas spp.

  • Sunggi hen;Lee, Seungdon;Jaewoong Jee;Park, Minsun
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.71.1-71
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    • 2003
  • Most major plant pathogenic bacteria in Korea belong to Xanthomonas spp.. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major pathogen in rice, X. campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper, X. axonopodis pv. giycines in soybean, X. campestris pv. campestris in cabbage, and X. axonoposid pv. citri in tangerin. Host specificity of the bacterial pathogen depends on the avirulence gene in the pathogen and the corresponding resistance gene in host plants. Many avirulence genes in bacteiral pathogen located on the native plasmids. However, the presence of the native plasmids in Xanthomonas spp. was not investigated well. In order to study the host specificity, we isolated native plasmids from Xanthomonas spp. and compared those plasmids each other, The presence of the native plasmids and the characteristics of the plasmids depended on the bacterial strains. In the X. axonopodis pv. glycines, most strains carried native plasmids but some strains did not. Some strains carry about 60 kb native plasmids including 3 different aviurlence genes. We will discuss the characteristics of the native plasmids isolated from the Xanthomonas spp.

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Dispersal of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the Causal Bacterium of Citrus Canker, on Unshiu Orange.

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Nam, Ki-Woong;Kwon, Hyeog-Mo
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.121.1-121
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    • 2003
  • Dispersal of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causing citrus bacterial canker disease on Unshiu orange was investigated at previously infested plots at Seogwipo in Jeju island of Korea. The bacterial pathogen overwintered in lesions started to multiply at tate May, and disease firstly observed one month after detection of phage from lesions. The disease gradually increased, however, it dispersed non-directionally to nearby plants from inoculum sources. Diseased plants were aggregated to form a cluster throughout the experiment. Population dynamics of phage on symtomless leaf surface and the disease severity were compared in the nursery, Increase of phage population on symptomless leaf surface preceded one month to that of the disease severity Population of phage increased constantly from late July to October, however, the disease severity decreased from late August to late October. It was assumed that the decrease of disease severity might be due to disease-induced defoliation.

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Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on Citrus Fruits Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

  • Jin, Kyoung-Sik;Kang, Ik-Beom;Ko, Kyoung-Il;Lee, Eun-Seob;Heo, Jong-Young;Kang, Young-Kil;Kim, Byung-Ki
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2001
  • Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) on citrus fruits for exporting is usually made by bacteriophage test (BPT) to demonstrate the pathogen-free status. BPT has rather time-consuming and complicate procedures for dealing with massive samples to be inspected. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect Xac on fruits, and compared with BPT. In ELISA, positive reactions occurred in the bacterial densities of $3\times10^5$ cells/ml or more. To detect the bacterial infection on citrus fruits with a density of lower than $3\times10^5$ cells/ml, the bacterial suspensions were mixed with fruit rinse water and incubated in broth medium. Ordinary peptone sucrose broth (PSB) was not a proper medium for increasing Xac density specifically enough to be detect by ELISA. On the other hand, modified PSB (MPSP) amended with Fe-EDTA (0.25 g/$\ell$) and 2.5% potato-dextrose broth sufficed to differentiate uninfected and infected citrus fruits by ELISA after 24 h incubation of the fruit rinse water. Using various citrus samples from infected and uninfected fields, efficiencies in detecting Xac on fruits were compared between ELISA and BPT. For infected fruits samples, ELISA detected Xac by 100%, while BPT by about 44%, indicating that the detection efficiency was improved by 23.5% by ELISA, compared to BPT. In addition, ELISA has simpler procedures for testing and is less time-consuming than BPT, suggesting that ELISA may be accurate and simple method to detect Xac on citrus fruits.

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Diversity of PthA Gene of Xanthomonas Strains Causing Citrus Bacterial Canker and its Relationship with Virulence

  • Lee, Seung-Don;Lee, Jung-Hee;Lee, Dong-Hee;Lee, Yong-Hoon
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.357-360
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    • 2008
  • Several pathotypes have been recognized in citrus bacterial canker, which causing serious damage in citrus cultivation area. To control the disease, it is important to understand the pathological diversity and reason of difference in virulence of the causal pathogen. We analyzed 124 strains of Xanthomonas causing citrus bacterial canker by southern hybridization with an internal 3.4-kb BamHI fragment from pthA gene. Assuming each band represented an intact gene, each strain of Xanthomonas was estimated to have approximately 1 to 4 copies of pthA gene. X. a. pv. citri A type had more than 3 copies of pthA gene, and the number of pthA gene in X. a. pv. citri $A^*,\;A^w$, and X. a. pv. aurantifolii B, C were different from 1 to 3 according to the strains. When the pthA gene profile was classified into 13 groups according to the number and size of hybridization bands, most of the A types belong to the 3A group, and 4A and 4B type was dominant when they had 4 bands. However, there was no general pattern of difference between the virulence and pthA gene group in this test.

Characterization of the host reaction of some citrus plants with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causing citrus bacterial canker disease.

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Sung-Chan;Lim, Han-Chul
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.120.3-121
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    • 2003
  • Relative degree of resistance of citrus to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal bacterium of canker, was investigated. Growth rate of a bacterium in leaf tissues after infiltration, disease incidence, and percent of lesion area were compared. By using growth rate[(GR=(At - A$\sub$t-1/)/A$\sub$t-1] host plants were differentiated into susceptible and resistant. Growth rates reached to peak at 40 hrs after inoculation and then declined. The growth rate in leaf tissues of a moderately susceptible cultivar, Citrus sinensis vu. Lane late(sweet orange), was the highest, and those of C. unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis(kiyomi), C. junos(yuzu), [(Citrus. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata] (shiranuhi), and C. unshiu(satuma mandarin) were similar. This result indicates that the growth rate of the bacterium in leaf tissues can be effectively used for evaluation of disease resistance for citrus plants to X. axonopodis pv. citri. The disease on sweet orange occurred earlier than relatively resistant citrus plants tested. The percent of lesion area on leaf was also higher in sweet orange than those of satsuma mandarin, shiranuhi and kiyomi, and yuzu. The disease severity was highest on sweet orange and followed by kiyomi, shiranuhi, satsuma mandarin, and yuzu.

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세균성 시들음병에 대한 식물성 유산균(Lactobacillus sp.)의 저해효과 (Antagonistic Effect of Lactobacillus sp. Strain KLF01 Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum)

  • 아누파마슈레스타;최규업;임춘근;허장현;조세열
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2009
  • KLF01으로 명명된 세균이 토마토의 뿌리에서 분리 되었고 생화학적, 유전학적 검증을 통해 Lactobacillus sp.로 동종 되었다. In vitro 실험에서 식물성 세균인 Ralstonia solanacearum를 비롯하여, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Eriwinia pyrifoliae, Eriwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora group에게도 저해 효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 고추와 토마토를 이용한 in vivo 실험에서는 특히 R. solanacearum에 대해 대조구와 비교 시들음병의 진행을 저해하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

콩 종자에서 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines의 검출을 위한 Direct PCR 방법 개발 (Direct PCR Detection of the Causal Agents, Soybean Bacterial Pustule, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines in Soybean Seeds)

  • 이용주;장미형;노태환;이두구;이건휘;김시주
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.83-87
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    • 2009
  • 콩 불마름병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines를 종자에서 DNA 추출없이 바로 검출하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 콩 종자에서 X. axonopodis pv. glycines를 특이적으로 검출하기 위해 특이적인 유전자로 알려져 있는 glycinecin A로부터 증폭 size가 401 bp인 primer Xag F1 & Xag R1을 고안하였다. Xag Fl과 Xag R1 primer는 콩 종자와 잎에서 분리한 균주와 KACC에서 분양받은 X. axonopoids pv. glycines 균주를 증폭시켰으나 근연종인 X. axonopodis pv. citri, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria 등은 증폭되지 않았다. 콩 종자에 존재하는 것으로 알려진 다른 세균들 역시 증폭되지 않았다. 고안된 Xag F1 & Xag R1 primer를 이용한 X. axonopodis pv. glycines의 검출 한계 농도 측정은 genomic DNA와 세포 현탁액을 이용하였다. X. axonopodis pv. glycines의 genomic DNA는 200 fg까지 증폭이 되었으며, 세포현탁액은 $OD_{600nm}$ 0.1로 농도를 조정한 뒤, $10^{-8}$까지 희석하여 측정한 결과 $10^{-6}$$1.8{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml까지 증폭이 확인되었다. 자연 감염된 종자에서 병원균을 검출하기 위해 종자를 육안상 건전종자와 불건전한 종자(변색립, 피해립)로 구분하여 direct PCR 방법으로 실험 한 결과 육안상 건전종자에서는 병원균이 검출되지 않았으나 불건전한 종자에서는 병원균의 검출이 확인되었다. 또한 진탕 배양 시간에 따른 병원균의 검출여부를 조사한 결과 진탕 배양 2시간부터 병원균의 검출이 확인되었으며 시간이 지날수록 증폭 밴드가 더욱 선명해 지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 고안된 Xag Fl & Xag R1 primer를 이용한 direct PCR 방법은 다른 많은 미생물들로 오염되어진 콩종자에 있는 X. axonopodis pv. glycines를 신속하고 민감하게 검정할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Studies on Physiology, Ecology and Protection of Citrus Canker Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv, citri

  • Lee, Seong-Chan;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Dong-Hwan;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lim, Han-Chul
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.124-124
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    • 2003
  • Citrus canker is very important disease in international trade of citrus. The disease was usually take place from late of June, and severe middle of July to middle of August, though disease occurrence was affected by environmental conditions. In pathogenicity test, three varieties, orange, lemon and kiyomi among 7 varieties, were succeptible, two varieties, satsuma mandarin and iwasachi, intermediate resistant. On the other hand, shiranuhi and yuzu were resistant relatively. The pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, grew well in PD broth adjusted to pH 7.0 at 26$^{\circ}C$. It's growth was best in medium containing group of monosaccharide as a carbon source and group of ammonium as a nitrogen source. Tow isolates were resistant to streptomycin among 11 isolates isolated from diseased leaves in field in Jeju-Do. The streptomycin sensitives isolate was controlled by in greenhouse test. On the other hand, the resistant and sensitive isolates were controlled by treatment with copper sulfate, the control value is 88.7% and 90.6%, respectively.

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Evaluation of Shiranuhi, a Hybrid of Kiyomi Tangor and Nakano No.3 Ponkan, for Resistance to Citrus Canker in Growth Chamber

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.253-256
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    • 2003
  • Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

Evaluation of Potential of Mandarin Hybrid 'Shiranuhi' against inoculation of Bacterial Canker Disease Pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) in Citrus Field in Jeju Island

  • Hyun, Jae-Wook;Myung, Inn-Shik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.248-252
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to evaluate potential of Shiranuhi cultivar against inoculation of causal pathogen of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Jeju Island by comparing degree of susceptibility of fruits and leaves/twigs, and analysis of incidence of canker disease. Progression of symptom, disease incidence, and percent area of lesion were surveyed for evaluation of resistance. In greenhouse condition, symptoms of bacterial citrus canker progressed more rapidly in sweet orange, a moderately susceptible cultivar, than in other four cultivars (satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', 'Shiranuhi' and 'Yuzu'). At 20 days after inoculation, disease severity was the highest in sweet orange (5.0$\pm$0.0), and all tested leaves were distorted or had dropped. On the other hand, 'Yuzu' showed the lowest disease severity (2.6$\pm$0.47), followed by 'Kiyomi' (4.0$\pm$0.0), 'Shiranuhi' (4.0$\pm$0.82), and satsuma mandarin (4.3$\pm$0.47). Percent area of lesion per leaf 30 days after inoculation was the highest in sweet orange (8.31$\pm$1.78), followed by satsuma mandarin (1.51$\pm$1.25), 'Shiranuhi' (1.39$\pm$0.94), and 'Kiyomi' (1.1$\pm$0.9), while the lowest was in 'Yuzu' (0.26$\pm$0.17). Infield condition, percentage of diseased leaf in 'Shiranuhi' was very low, 5.2$\pm$2.9, compared with sweet orange, 71.0$\pm$ 11.5, while that of satsuma mandarin and 'Kiyomi' were 6.9$\pm$7.0 and 4.3$\pm$2.0, respectively. Percentages of diseased leaf was higher (17.4$\pm$7.1) than that of diseased fruit (3.2$\pm$2.5) in severely diseased trees of Shiranuhi cultivar, and the disease was not observed on twig in open field condition. Lesion sizes on leaves and fruits in open field condition were 4.1$\pm$2.2 mm2 and 5.1$\pm$5.6 mm2, respectively, while those in greenhouse condition were 8.7$\pm$5.7 mm2, 10.4$\pm$9.2 mm2 and 5.6$\pm$2.6 mm2 on leaves, fruits and twigs, respectively. The disease was observed in 5.6% out of total 107 farmers Shiranuhi fields under polyethylene film house, and average percentages of diseased tree in 31 fields of Shiranuhi cultivar and adjacent satsuma mandarin fields were 0.02% and 14.8%, respectively. Average percentage of diseased fruit was 1.6% in satsuma mandarin which was not observed in anyone of all the 31 Shiranuhi farmers fields. Therefore, it was concluded that 'Shiranuhi' cultivar is not potential against causal pathogen of citrus canker disease in Jeju Island because the cultivar has similar resistance as satsuma mandarin which occupies over 95% of total 25,000 ha in Jeju Island in polyethylene film houses protected from outside.